Alberta Driver's Guide Spring 2023

Driver’s Guide cars and light trucks CITY C ENTR MAXIMUM E STOP Driver’s Guide Spring 2023 For more information about this publication, contact: Driver Programs Branch, Transportation and...

Driver’s Guide cars and light trucks CITY C ENTR MAXIMUM E STOP Driver’s Guide Spring 2023 For more information about this publication, contact: Driver Programs Branch, Transportation and Economic Corridors First Floor, Twin Atria Building 4999 98 Avenue Northwest Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2X3 Email: [email protected] ©2023 Government of Alberta   This document is made available under the Open Government Licence – Alberta (https://open.alberta.ca/licence). This document is available at: https://www.alberta.ca/driver-guides-overview-and-pdf- versions.aspx. Cette publication est également offerte en français sous le titre « Guide du conducteur – Conduite, sécurité et délivrance de permis – Automobiles et camions légers ». Driver’s Guide cars and light trucks Introduction: When you are in the driver’s seat, a whole Along with all the benefits that motor new world opens to you. For drivers of all vehicles provide, there are also costs. ages, getting a driver’s licence can be a Beyond the direct costs of building and rite of passage, providing opportunities for maintaining our roadways, there are employment, mobility, and independence. environmental and human costs. Most collisions can be prevented. Driving involves responsibility and risk. The following are the key skills you Transportation and Economic Corridors must develop to prepare yourself for recommends that you obtain training and this responsibility. education from a licensed driving school to enhance your knowledge and skill. Attitude: Driver education courses are available Develop an attitude of safe and for the operation of passenger vehicles, responsible driving every time you drive. commercial vehicles, and motorcycles. If you require information about schools Awareness: that provide driver education, or Be aware of what is happening around information about the testing process to you as you drive, and always make obtain a driver’s licence: visit www.alberta. responsible decisions about hazards ca/driving-vehicles.aspx and problems. Knowledge: Learn and understand traffic laws and rules of the road. Skill: Enrol in driver education programs to learn more about operating a motor vehicle safely. It takes education, training, and practice to develop this awareness, knowledge, and skill. Your attitude shows in the decisions you make about being a responsible driver. Be courteous with other road users. Always drive proactively. 2 Driver’s Guide Guides available: The following guides provide information emergency response vehicles, taxis, about the safe operation of cars and and buses, as well as when handling light trucks, commercial vehicles, dangerous goods. Commercial and motorcycles, and the licensing knowledge tests are comprised of of drivers and riders. These guides questions based on the entirety of the provide information for all classes of Driver’s Guide and Commercial Driver’s driver’s licences in Alberta, and will help Guide, regardless of chapter title. you obtain an Alberta driver’s licence. Consider keeping the guides in your Rider’s Guide vehicle as a reference. Motorcycles, Mopeds, and Power- Assisted Bicycles Driver’s Guide This guide provides information on the Cars and Light Trucks safe operation of motorcycles, mopeds, This guide provides information for and power-assisted bicycles. It is used all drivers. with the Driver’s Guide. Commercial Driver’s Guide Trucks, Buses, Emergency Responders, and Taxis This guide provides information about driving commercial vehicles. It is used with the Driver’s Guide. Both of these guides should be used when preparing for a commercial knowledge test and when learning to operate trucks, Introduction 3 The information in these guides explains For more driver and best practices for driving a vehicle, but vehicle information cannot cover all circumstances. You Knowledge tests are conducted at must use judgement and a safety-first registry agent offices. Road tests must be attitude to make decisions in real on-road conducted only by persons designated situations. by the Government of Alberta as driver These guides interpret the laws that examiners. Road tests can be scheduled govern the movement of vehicles and in-person at a registry agent office or people on Alberta roadways. They are online through the government online guides only and have no legal authority. scheduling system. The laws that apply to driving a vehicle To access information on testing services, can be found in the Traffic Safety Act and driver licensing, and registering vehicles: its related regulations, available at kings- visit www.alberta.ca/drivers-road-test.aspx printer.alberta.ca and: visit www.alberta.ca/lookup/find-a- registry-agent.aspx King’s Printer Bookstore visit the Association of Alberta Suite 700, Park Plaza Registries at www.e-registry.ca 10611–98 Avenue call Service Alberta at 780-427-7013 Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2P7 Tel: 780–427–4952 Fax: 780–452–0668 For toll free service anywhere in Alberta, call 310–0000, then the number. 4 Driver’s Guide Contents 1. Licensing Information 2. Traffic Control 10 Graduated driver licensing 22 Traffic control signals 11 Knowledge test 23 Pedestrian signals 12 Vision requirements and signs 12 Class 5 road tests 24 Lane reversal signals 13 Types of vehicles for 25 Sign shapes licence class and colours 14 For hire, driver’s licence 26 Traffic regulatory signs requirements 27 Traffic direction signs 15 Air brake endorsement (Q) 27 Speed limit signs 15 Driver examiner 28 Designated lane signs 15 Driver’s licence 29 Permissive signs 15 Applying for your Alberta 29 Prohibitive signs driver’s licence 30 School zones 16 Non-Alberta licence for and areas tourists and visitors 31 Playground zones and areas 16 New Alberta residents 32 Parking services for persons 17 Medical requirements with disabilities 18 Condition codes 32 TTY capabilities and endorsements 32 Warning signs 19 Re-classing your licence 36 Information and guide signs 19 Replacing your Alberta 37 Other signs driver’s licence 37 Construction zones 19 Renewing your Alberta 38 Pavement markings driver’s licence 40 Shared-use lanes 19 Updating your Alberta driver’s licence 41 Other roadway markings 20 Registration and insurance 3. The Basics of Driving 5. Highways and Freeways 44 Pre-drive basics 70 Lane selection and position 46 Driving a vehicle with an in your lane automatic transmission 71 Passing 47 Driving a vehicle with a 72 Emergency manual (standard) transmission stopping lane 48 Steering 73 Entering and exiting a 49 Signalling major roadway 49 Accelerating 6. Emergency Situations and 49 Stopping time and distance Challenging Conditions 51 Reversing 78 Emergency braking 52 Parking 78 Loss of control 4. Intersections and Turns 80 Vehicle mechanical problems 58 Right-of-way 81 Challenging conditions 58 Intersections 84 Emergency supplies 59 Uncontrolled intersections 84 Animals 60 Keep intersections clear 84 Collisions 61 Traffic circles and roundabouts 85 Emergency response vehicles and tow trucks 63 Turning 85 Emergency vehicles 66 Turning lanes 86 Maintenance and 67 U-turns construction vehicles 6 Driver’s Guide 7. Responsible Driving 9. Driving within the Law 89 Proactive driving 107 Driver fitness 91 Securing passengers 108 Driving responsibly 93 Fuel efficiency and helping 111 Driving laws our environment 115 Driver’s licence suspensions 94 Traffic laws and disqualifications 117 SafeRoads Alberta 8. Sharing the Road 118 Registrar Reconsideration 97 Vulnerable road users Process 99 Commercial vehicles 10. Towing a Trailer 100 Log hauling vehicles 101 School buses 120 Registration and licence plate 102 Snowplows 120 Equipment 103 Railway crossings 120 Towing a trailer 105 Vehicles carrying passengers or dangerous goods 105 Light rail transit 105 Off-highway vehicles 105 Funeral processions Introduction 7 NOTES 8 Driver’s Guide 1 Licensing Information Graduated driver You are not permitted to have more passengers than seat belts. licensing You will be suspended if you accumulate Regardless of age, all new drivers are eight or more demerit points. part of the Graduated Driver Licensing You must have a zero alcohol and/ (GDL) program. This program ensures or drug level when driving (or riding a new drivers get the support, skills, and motorcycle). experience they need to handle the complex task of driving. GDL improves Stage 2: GDL Probationary road safety by creating a safe and (Class 5-GDL) controlled environment for all new drivers. To become a probationary driver you must: As a GDL driver, you will hold one of the  hold your Class 7 leaner’s licence for a following driver’s licences: year (this time will be extended if you Stage One: Class 7 receive a suspension of your driving (Learner’s Licence) privileges) Stage Two: Class 5-GDL  be 16 years of age or older (Probationary Licence)  pass the Alberta Class 5 road test. The following information highlights the key features of the Learner and Probationary conditions: Probationary stages of the GDL program. You must be a probationary driver for a minimum of two years. Stage 1: Learner (Class 7) You must have no more passengers To obtain a Class 7 learner’s licence you than seat belts. must: You will be suspended if you  be 14 years of age or older accumulate eight or more demerit  pass a vision screening points. You must have a zero alcohol and/or  pass a knowledge test on the rules of the road drug level when driving. You are not able to re-class your licence  have parental consent if you are to a commercial driver’s licence under 18 years of age (Class 1, 2, 3, or 4).  have valid identification. You cannot serve as a supervising driver to a learner. Learner’s conditions: You must hold a learner’s licence (Class 7) for at least one year. You must be accompanied by a fully- licensed (non-GDL) driver who is 18 years of age or older and is seated next to you. You are not permitted to drive from midnight to 5 a.m. 10 Driver’s Guide Stage 3: Full Class 5 Knowledge test (non-GDL) To obtain your learner’s licence, you will To exit the GDL program you must: need to pass a knowledge test. You can  be at least 18 years of age take your knowledge test at most Alberta registry agent offices. The test is based  be in the probationary stage for on questions taken from this guide. You a minimum of two years will be asked about safe driving practices,  be free of suspensions or traffic driving laws, and road signs. The test violations within the last 12 months of is a series of multiple choice questions the probationary stage, including zero and you must score a certain number of alcohol and/or drug level when driving. correct responses to pass the test. You will do the test on a computer. You can reduce your probationary stage by up to six months, if: When you pass the knowledge test you must take the knowledge test permit you you successfully complete an purchased to do the test to a registry approved driver training course agent to ensure your driver’s licence is resulting in a condition code (U) being updated. added to your driving record all other eligibility requirements are The Class 7 electronic driver knowledge met. test is available in the following 25 Upon exiting the GDL program, you will: languages: move from a Class 5-GDL to a full Amharic Portuguese Class 5 driver’s licence Arabic Punjabi qualify to re-class to a Class 1, 2, 3, or Chinese (Simplified) Russian 4 driver’s licence Chinese (Traditional) Somali increase the number of demerits you Cree Spanish are allowed Dutch Tagalog remove the zero alcohol and drug English Thai tolerance condition Farsi Ukrainian be able to be an accompanying driver French Urdu to a learner. German Vietnamese Hindi Italian Korean Oromo Polish There is a fee for each knowledge test that you take, and you can take only one test per day. Chapter 1 Licensing Information 11 Vision requirements The vehicle for your road test must be in acceptable working condition and must A vision assessment is required before have the following: you are eligible to obtain an Alberta driver’s licence. If you do not meet the a valid licence plate and insurance vision standards, you will be referred to headlights, brake lights, and signal an optometrist or an ophthalmologist to lights have a Vision Referral form completed. horn If you have corrective glasses or contact speedometer lenses, bring them with you for your brakes/park brake vision assessment. unobstructed windshield/wipers tires are in good condition Class 5 road test driver and passenger doors Class 5 is the most commonly held vehicle seats/seat belts driver’s licence, allowing drivers to exhaust system/muffler operate cars and other light vehicles. mirrors Passing the Class 5 road test allows enough fuel for a road test. drivers to move from a Class 7 learner’s The test will include identifying and licence to a Class 5-GDL driver’s licence. operating your vehicle’s controls. This test determines whether a learner This includes: has developed the necessary driving skills such as safe vehicle handling, judgement, handling the vehicle (steering, braking, and knowledge of the rules of the road and speed control) to become a Class 5-GDL selecting the proper lane for turns probationary driver. observing and obeying speed zones When you pass the Class 5 road test determining right-of-way at you must take the road test permit you intersections and while changing lanes purchased to do the test to a registry demonstrating knowledge and skill at agent to ensure your driver’s licence is intersections with and without sign and updated. The road test permit is not a signal controls driver’s licence. interacting with other road users in a This road test is approximately non-obstructive manner 45 minutes. This will include the driver parking – perpendicular, uphill, or examiner’s pre-test instructions and downhill parking, and parallel (drivers summary of your results. You will be over 65 are not required to complete a required to demonstrate the ability to parallel park). operate your vehicle safely without supervision while interacting with other road users. 12 Driver’s Guide Some common reasons for not Types of vehicles for passing the road test Drivers earn points for mistakes made licence class during a road test, with a set limit for each Class 7 (GDL) test. If the maximum points for errors A person 14 years of age or older may are exceeded, the driver fails the test. apply for a learner driver’s licence. Regardless of point totals, the following actions result in automatic failure: A parent or guardian must give consent on the application if the person applying Exceeding the speed limit or driving is under 18 years of age. For learning and too fast for the conditions. while accompanied by a fullly-licensed Failing to stop completely before driver, the holder of a Class 7 driver’s proceeding through an intersection licence may operate the following: controlled by a stop sign, or before turning right on a red light. a vehicle or vehicle-trailer combination Failing to yield the right-of-way at an that the holder of a Class 5 driver’s intersection or during a lane change. licence may operate Obstructing traffic by driving too a motorcycle (must be 16 years of slowly or stopping unnecessarily. age or older when learning with a supervisor who holds a Class 6 Climbing over the curb while parking, non-GDL licence) or being unable to park legally in three attempts. a moped. Failing to slow or observe adequately Class 5-GDL at uncontrolled intersections The minimum licensing age is 16 years. (you must be prepared to yield to drivers to your right). Anyone under the age of 18 years applying for a driver’s licence must have To update your driver’s licence after parental or guardian consent. passing a road test, take the road test The holder of a Class 5-GDL driver’s permit to a registry agent. The road test licence may operate the following: permit is not a driver’s licence. a vehicle or vehicle-trailer combination that the holder of a Class 5 driver’s licence may operate. Class 5 non-GDL The minimum licensing age is 18 years. The holder of a Class 5 non-GDL driver’s licence may operate the following: a vehicle or vehicle-trailer combination that the holder of a Class 5 driver’s licence may operate. Chapter 1 Licensing Information 13 Vehicles that may be operated with a Class 5 driver’s licence: For hire, driver’s a vehicle with only two axles licence requirements a recreational vehicle with not more A Class 4 driver’s licence is required when than three axles the vehicle owner or operator, or the operator’s employer, is being paid for the a vehicle with only two axles while that service that the vehicle is being used to vehicle is towing a trailer with one or provide. more axles, and is not equipped with air brakes A Class 4 driver’s licence is NOT required a recreational vehicle with only two when the vehicle owner or operator, or axles while that vehicle is towing a the operator’s employer, drives a private trailer with one or more axles, and the passenger vehicle for the transportation trailer is not equipped with air brakes of passengers on an incidental or occasional basis and receives a recreational vehicle with three axles compensation for: while that vehicle is towing a trailer that has one or two axles and is not payment for the kilometres travelled equipped with air brakes straight reimbursement for out-of- a moped pocket expenses directly related all motor vehicles included under to the transportation such as gas, Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4 for learning. The parking, gate passes and tolls, or learner must be at least 18 years of when the vehicle operator is party to age and have a supervisor with a valid an agreement to provide transportation driver’s licence for the type of vehicle for compensation only to: a motorcycle (for learning with a · the operator’s family members supervisor who holds a Class 6 · members of the operator’s non-GDL licence). household The holder of a Class 5 driver’s licence · persons for whom the operator is a shall not operate: legal guardian. a motorcycle (unless for learning) a vehicle with a seating capacity of more than 15 while that vehicle is transporting any person other than the driver a vehicle transporting passengers for hire a vehicle equipped with air brakes, unless the supervisor has an air brake endorsement. 14 Driver’s Guide Air brake through the online scheduling system. More information on road tests is endorsement (Q) available online at: www.alberta.ca/drivers- When a person successfully completes road-test.aspx an approved Alberta air brake course through an authorized agency, an air brake endorsement (Q) will be placed on Driver’s licence that driver’s licence. A driver’s licence is required to operate An air brake endorsement is required for a motor vehicle and is issued pursuant drivers of vehicles with: to the Traffic Safety Act. A person shall not drive a motor vehicle on a highway an air-only braking system, or unless that person’s driver’s licence is a combination of air and hydraulic in that person’s possession. On the braking system. request of a peace officer, a person More information on the air brake course driving a motor vehicle shall produce their is available online at: www.alberta.ca/air- subsisting driver’s licence, insurance, and brake-program.aspx registration. Ensure that these documents are with you every time you operate a motor vehicle. Driver examiner Driver examiners are responsible for ensuring only qualified individuals receive Applying for your a driver’s licence. Road tests must be Alberta driver’s conducted only by persons designated by the Government of Alberta as driver licence examiners. Driver licensing services are provided Registry agent offices are the primary through the Alberta registry sites for road tests to begin and end. agent network. On a road test, no passengers or pets When applying for an Alberta driver’s are allowed. An exemption to this is licence you must provide identification. when an examiner is accompanied by a For information on identification government official during a training or requirements visit: www.alberta.ca/id- monitoring session. requirements-for-identification-cards.aspx Class 4, 5, and 6 road tests are A driver’s licence may only be issued to delivered by licensed driver examiners residents of Alberta. A resident through Alberta registry agents on is a person lawfully entitled to be in behalf of the Government of Alberta. Canada, who makes their home in Alberta Licensed driver examiners are trained, and is ordinarily present in Alberta. licensed, monitored, and audited by the government. Road tests can be scheduled through an Alberta registry agent. Class 1, 2, and 3 commercial road tests are conducted by Government of Alberta driver examiners and can be scheduled through an Alberta registry agent or online Chapter 1 Licensing Information 15 Applicants originating from outside Applicants for Class 1, 2, or 4 licences Canada or the United States must must provide a medical report and pass a produce suitable immigration documents vision screening. to be considered as residents. For more information on exchanging a licence from another province, visit: www. Parental consent requirement alberta.ca/exchange-non-alberta-licences. Minors (under 18) applying for a driver’s aspx licence for the first time must have a parent or legal guardian accompany From the United States them to a registry office, show proof of Licence holders from the United States, guardianship, and sign a consent form. other than those holding Class 5, 6, or 7, The guardian has the right to revoke their must complete all requirements. consent in writing until the minor turns 18. If revoked, the licence will be suspended. You must present proof-of-residency A parent/guardian signature is not needed documents when applying. For details, if the minor provides proof of marriage or inquire at your local registry agent office. self-support. Jurisdictions with reciprocal licensing agreements Non-Alberta Alberta currently has reciprocal licensing licenCe for tourists agreements with the following jurisdictions: and visitors Australia (Class 5 and 6) Austria (Class 5) Visitors to Alberta with a valid out-of- province licence or permit for a specific Belgium (Class 5) vehicle class are allowed to drive the France (Class 5) same class of vehicle in Alberta without Germany (Class 5) obtaining a local licence for up to one Isle of Man (Class 5 and 6) year. Japan (Class 5) Netherlands (Class 5) New Alberta residents Republic of Ireland (Class 5 and 6) From other places in Canada Republic of Korea (Class 5) New Alberta residents may use their out- Switzerland (Class 5 and 6) of-province driver’s licence for the first 90 Taiwan (Class 5) days of residency. They must apply for an United Kingdom (Northern Ireland – Alberta driver’s licence and surrender their Class 5 and 6) out-of-province licence within those 90 days. It is illegal to hold more than one United Kingdom (England, Scotland, driver’s licence. and Wales – Class 5). A valid licence from a jurisdiction that Depending on the class of licence, driver’s has a reciprocal licensing agreement with licence equivalency restrictions may apply Alberta can be exchanged for a Class 5 to individuals exchanging a driver’s licence licence when the applicant presents a from another jurisdiction within Canada. valid licence of equivalent class. 16 Driver’s Guide All other licence classes require testing and vision screening. The applicants Medical requirements must disclose all medical conditions and It is your responsibility and legal obligation physical disabilities that may affect their to disclose any medical or physical ability to safely operate a motor vehicle. condition that may interfere with the safe All applicants must produce immigration operation of a motor vehicle. If you have a and residency documentation along medical or physical condition, you will be with acceptable identification. required to provide a completed Medical Examination for Motor Vehicle Operators Jurisdictions without reciprocal form. Medical examination forms can be obtained from an Alberta registry agent licensing agreements office, your doctor, or a nurse practitioner. A person coming to Alberta from outside Your doctor or a nurse practitioner Canada may apply to have their previous must complete this form. The medical driving history credited to their Alberta examination form must be returned to an driving record. A successful application Alberta registry agent office. will grant exemption from the GDL program and allow for Class 5 road A person 75 years of age or older, testing without being required to hold who applies for a driver’s licence, or is a Class 7 learner’s licence for one year. renewing their existing driver’s licence, More information about the process must provide a Medical Examination for for exchanging a licence from a non- Motor Vehicle Operators form, and have reciprocal jurisdiction is available at any their vision assessed at an Alberta registry registry agent office. agent office. The Medical Examination for Motor Vehicle Operators form must be Students completed and signed by A student is not required to obtain an a physician or a nurse practitioner. Alberta driver’s licence when operating a You may be requested to provide a motor vehicle if the following apply: medical report, regardless of your age, to The student is authorized to operate determine your medical fitness to operate a motor vehicle of the same type or a motor vehicle. class by the laws of the jurisdiction in The basic road test may be requested, which the student ordinarily resides. for any driver, if there are concerns about The documents required by the laws their medical fitness. of the jurisdiction where the student ordinarily resides are carried by the student or are in the vehicle. The student must carry proof showing that they are a full-time student in this province. Chapter 1 Licensing Information 17 Driver’s Licence Classes Each condition or endorsement 1, 2, or 4 corresponds to a letter code which may be shown on the driver’s licence. A person who applies for, or renews, Conditions and endorsements specific to a Class 1, 2, or 4 driver’s licence must you are placed on the front of the licence, provide a completed Medical Examination in the Cond/End section. Some of the for Motor Vehicle Operators form. This condition codes and endorsements have will be required every five years to age 45, an explanation on the back of the driver’s then every two years until the age of 65, licence. and annually thereafter. Driver licence condition codes: Condition codes A Adequate Lenses B Special Conditions and endorsements C Periodic Medical* Condition codes D Periodic Vision Report* A condition code may be added to E Periodic Driver Examination* a driver’s licence to indicate special requirements. For example, all drivers F Valid Temporary Licence must meet specific vision requirements to G Temporary Resident operate a vehicle. If you require glasses or contact lenses to improve your vision H Daylight Driving Only to meet these standards, you will have J Outside Mirrors a condition code on your driver’s licence indicating this requirement. Some drivers K Automatic Transmission may require a medical examination by L Hand Controls a doctor or a nurse practitioner, which M Under Transportation and would also be indicated by a condition Economic Corridors Review* code. N Excludes Class 2 and 4 In more extreme situations, a change in a person’s situation can make it impossible P Testing to be conducted by to safely operate a vehicle. These Provincial Examiner only* situations are not common, but do mean T Special Medical* that the person is not able to be licensed to operate a vehicle. Driver licence endorsements: Q Air Brakes Endorsement codes An endorsement code on a driver’s S School Bus licence shows that the person has had V Extended Length Vehicle specific education or training, such as Combinations completing a novice driver education course or a course specific to operating U Completed Driver a school bus. An endorsement may also Education Course* indicate that the person is permitted to drive a vehicle that has a specific feature, *Do not appear on the driver’s licence such as a vehicle with air brakes. 18 Driver’s Guide Re-classing your Renewing your licence Alberta driver’s When re-classing your driver’s licence licence (excluding Class 7 to Class 5), you must The Government of Alberta has stopped present proof that you have completed a mailing out reminders about driver’s knowledge test and vision test through a licences and vehicle registration. registry agent office. Albertans with disabilities will continue to Re-classing your driver’s licence from receive reminders in the mail. Albertans your current class to a Class 1, 2, or 4 can sign up for electronic reminders licence will also require a medical report. by visiting E-registry or MyAlberta and See the medical requirements section for signing up for free reminders. It is your more information. responsibility to renew your driver’s A fee is charged for each knowledge test, licence on or before the expiry date. road test, and for the final licence re- classification service. Updating your Alberta For information knowledge test fee, visit: www.alberta.ca/drivers-knowledge-test.aspx driver’s licence To change the information on your driver’s For information on road test fee, visit: licence, such as your name, address, www.alberta.ca/drivers-road-test.aspx. or licence class, visit an Alberta registry Driving with the wrong licence class is agent office. against the law. It is an offence for vehicle You are required by law to ensure the owners to allow their vehicle to be used information on your licence is current and by someone who does not have the accurate. You may be required to provide proper class of licence for that vehicle. proper identification before any change, replacement, or renewal can be made. Replacing your To replace, renew, or update your Alberta Alberta driver’s driver’s licence, contact a registry agent by visiting: https://www.alberta.ca/lookup/ licence find-a-registry-agent.aspx If your driver’s licence is lost, stolen, destroyed, or is unreadable, you must apply for a replacement immediately at a registry agent office. If your driver’s licence is stolen, you must report it to the police, and provide a copy of the police report to the registry agent when you apply for your replacement. Chapter 1 Licensing Information 19 Registration and insurance Registration Motor vehicles and trailers travelling on Alberta roadways must be registered. Registration certificates cannot be issued to anyone under the age of 18 years, unless the application for registration is also signed by a parent or guardian. A parent or guardian has the right to withdraw consent in writing at any time. If consent is withdrawn, the licence plate and vehicle registration will be suspended. The signature of your parent or guardian is not required if you can prove you are married or self-supporting. In Alberta, licence plates remain with the owner of the vehicle and are not transferable to another person. A vehicle owner must register their vehicle within three months of moving to Alberta. Insurance requirements All motor vehicles must be insured with a public liability insurance policy as outlined in the Alberta Insurance Act. It is illegal to operate an uninsured motor vehicle. Your insurance company issues a financial responsibility card (pink card) which must be presented when registering a vehicle and when requested by a peace officer. 20 Driver’s Guide 2 Traffic Control Traffic control signals Unless a sign prohibits the turn, the only left turn permitted at a red light is Traffic control signals are lights that use onto a one-way street from a one-way the colours green, yellow, and red to street. This turn is only permitted after control the flow of traffic at intersections the vehicle is brought to a complete stop or where roadways merge. The colour of before the stop line or crosswalk, and if the light determines which stream of traffic the turn can be made safely after yielding has the right-of-way. The traffic control to other traffic. signal may be vertical or horizontal. Solid yellow light: The order of lights for a horizontal traffic When a green light changes to yellow, it control signal is red warns that the light will change to red on the left, yellow in immediately and drivers must prepare to The order of lights the centre, and for a vertical traffic stop or clear the intersection. Drivers green on the right. control signal is red approaching an intersection with a solid at the top, yellow (not flashing) yellow traffic control light in the centre, and must bring their vehicles to a complete green at the bottom. stop before the stop line or crosswalk, unless a point has been reached at the Solid red light: intersection where stopping cannot be done safely. If there is no stop line or crosswalk, vehicles must stop before the intersection. Drivers facing a traffic control signal Drivers already in the intersection displaying a solid red light must bring their and facing a yellow light must safely clear vehicles to a complete stop before the the intersection. stop line or crosswalk that is directly in front of the vehicle. If there is no stop line Solid green light: or crosswalk, drivers must stop before the intersection. Vehicles must remain stopped at the red light until it turns green, unless safely turning right after stopping. Drivers facing a solid green traffic control A solid double red light has the same light are permitted to travel through the meaning as a single red light. intersection without stopping, unless required to yield to oncoming traffic when Turning right at a red light is permitted turning left or to pedestrians in the provided that there is no sign prohibiting crosswalk when turning right or left. the turn. Before making the turn the vehicle must come to a complete When approaching a green light, stop before the stop line or crosswalk. anticipate that it will turn yellow. A Complete the turn when it is safe to do so “stale” green light means the light has while yielding to any other traffic. been green for a while and will turn yellow soon. A good tip is to check the 22 Driver’s Guide pedestrian walk light at the intersection. If Flashing yellow light: it shows the “WALK” symbol, the light will stay green. If it shows the “DON’T WALK” symbol, be ready to stop. If the traffic light does change, the driver must stop before the intersection if it can be done safely. Drivers facing a flashing yellow traffic control light may proceed with caution Green arrow with green light: after yielding to pedestrians and other vehicles within the intersection. Flashing green light: Drivers facing a traffic control light with a green arrow and solid green traffic control light may enter the intersection and proceed without yielding in the direction Drivers facing a flashing green traffic indicated by the arrow. Drivers facing the control light are permitted to go through, green light may also proceed in the other turn left or turn right without stopping. directions when it is safe and legal. Opposing traffic will be facing a red light; Green arrow with red light: however a driver must still yield to pedestrians or other vehicles lawfully in the intersection. Drivers facing a traffic control light with a Pedestrian signals green arrow and a red control light may and signs enter the intersection and proceed Drivers must understand pedestrian without stopping only in the direction control lights so they can anticipate indicated by the arrow. the actions of those sharing the road. Flashing red light: Pedestrians facing a traffic control signal where a word or symbol indicating “WALK” is displayed, may enter the crosswalk or roadway when it is safe, and proceed in that direction. Drivers facing a flashing red traffic control A pedestrian facing a traffic signal where light must stop before the stop line or a word or symbol indicates “DON’T crosswalk. If there is no stop line or WALK” must not enter the crosswalk or crosswalk, drivers must stop before the roadway. Pedestrians who have begun intersection. Drivers should proceed only crossing when the word or symbol when it is safe and after yielding the appears may continue crossing and clear right-of way. The flashing red light is the crosswalk. Some pedestrian signals treated like a stop sign. include a countdown timer to show how When the lights in all directions are much time remains before the flashing red the intersection becomes a light changes. four-way stop. Chapter 2 Traffic Control 23  Solid red light. Do not enter the intersection. Solid yellow light. Clear the intersection if already crossing, or do not enter the intersection. Solid green light. Proceed across Pedestrian signal Pedestrian signal the road within any marked or indicating “WALK” indicating “DON’T WALK” or “WAIT” unmarked crosswalk. Pedestrians should check for vehicles Yellow lights on a sign with a symbol before starting to cross. indicate that caution is required because of school zones or areas, playground zones or areas, school crossings, and Lane reversal signals pedestrian crossings. When the yellow Lane reversal signals are used to control lights are flashing, the driver must reduce the direction of traffic on specific lanes of speed to a maximum of 30 km/h and a roadway. A common use of this control yield or stop for pedestrians. is reversible lanes that change the flow of traffic during different times of the day. The signal(s) over one or more lanes Pedestrian crossing signs with yellow change between a red X and a lights. green arrow. Solid red X: Pedestrian crossing signs without yellow lights. When a red X is displayed over a driving lane, the driver does not enter or remain in that lane. This signal indicates that the lane is being used by oncoming traffic. Special crosswalk Move safely into a lane with a overhead sign. green arrow. Downward pointing green arrow: At intersections with traffic control signals, but without pedestrian “WALK” and “DON’T WALK” signals, pedestrians must obey the rules for the colour of light they are facing. A driver facing the downward pointing green arrow is permitted to travel in that lane. 24 Driver’s Guide  Action or activity within circle is permitted. Green circle on white background Square shape Regulatory message such as speed limit. Regulatory message on white background Vehicle moving from red X lane to green arrow lane. Rectangle shape Sign shapes and colours Indicates school zone/area. The word or symbol on traffic regulation signs tell the driver what can or cannot Fluorescent yellow be done at a specific location or time, green background and provide information. The shape and Pentagon shape colour will vary depending on the type of message. Traffic regulation signs include those that show right-of-way and road access Indicates lane control. that is permitted or prohibited. They also show control of speed, turns, direction White message on of travel, passing, traffic lanes, parking, black background and crosswalks. Square shape Action or activity within the circle is not permitted. Provides construction area information. Red circle and slash on white background Information or picture Square shape on orange background Diamond shape Chapter 2 Traffic Control 25 Provides information such as Yield: distance to destination. Yield the right-of-way to traffic not facing White message on the sign and to all pedestrians waiting to green background cross and within the crosswalk Rectangle shape or intersection. Indicates place for fuel, food, lodging, or assistance. White message on blue background Square shape Wrong way: Indicates traffic is moving in an oncoming direction. Indicates transportation services such as air port, ferry, etc. Information or pictures on green background Square shape Do not enter: Indicates caution or warning of hazard displayed on sign. Information or pictures on yellow background Diamond shape Railway crossing: Traffic regulatory signs Stop: Come to a complete stop and do not Do not stop on tracks: proceed until safe. 26 Driver’s Guide Traffic direction signs Unless otherwise posted: 100 km/h is the maximum speed Proceed in direction limit on a provincial highway located of arrow only: outside an urban area. 80 km/h is the maximum speed limit on a provincial highway located inside a corporate limit of a city. 80 km/h is the maximum speed Two way traffic: limit on a roadway that is located outside an urban area. A provincial highway is identified by either a single-digit, two-digit or three-digit Divider ahead – keep right: highway route marker. A local road generally would not have a route marker but could be identified by a name, such as Irricana Road, a township road, such as TWP RD 52, or a range road, such as RGE RD 252. 50 km/h is the maximum speed limit on a roadway that is located within an urban area, unless otherwise Speed limit signs posted. Speed limits do not indicate the Note: Municipalities may have bylaws maximum speed drivers should travel. on speed limits that place maximum They are the maximum speed permitted limits different than the information when conditions are ideal. Any speed presented here. Be aware of local laws that is unsafe for the current conditions and pay attention to all signage and is illegal. posted speed limits. Speed limit signs are in kilometres per hour (km/h). Chapter 2 Traffic Control 27 Designated lane signs Left lane turn left, right lane straight Left lane turn left, right lane The message or symbol on these signs or turn left: straight: indicates the direction(s) a vehicle must travel in the lane. Right turn: Left turn: Left lane turn left, centre lane Straight or Straight or straight, right right turn: left turn: lane straight Roundabout or turn right: dual lane: Straight Left turn only: lane control: Indicated lanes are reserved for specific vehicles such as buses, taxis, and bicycles. The symbol on the sign will identify the vehicles permitted to travel in this lane. Reserved lanes may operate at all times or only some of the time. Single lane roundabout: Reserved lanes that operate only some of the time will show the hours of the day and the days of the week when the lane is reserved. Some intersections allow more than one vehicle travelling in the same direction to turn at the same time. Maintain your lane position during and after the turn. Dual right turn: Dual left turn: 28 Driver’s Guide Permissive signs Prohibitive signs Permission signs are a green circle The symbol prohibiting an action is a red on a white square. The action within circle and diagonal red bar on a white the green circle is permitted. square. The action within the red circle is not permitted. Turn left only: No left turn: No right turn: Turn right only: No U-turn: Do not pass: Straight only: Do not pass bicycles: Dangerous Motorized goods: snow vehicles: Trucks: Bicycles: Passing permitted: Chapter 2 Traffic Control 29 No No motorized No parking on the days and times pedestrians: snow vehicles: shown: No trucks: No bicycles: No stopping on the days and times shown: No dangerous goods: Parking and stopping not permitted: School zones The arrow under the symbol indicates where the action indicated on the sign and areas is not permitted. School zone: When you approach a school sign with a maximum speed posted with it, you are entering a school zone. You must not exceed the posted speed when the zone is in effect. The times that the school zone is in effect are on school days only and are as follows: 8:00 a.m. – 9:30 a.m. 11:30 a.m. – 1:30 p.m. 3:00 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. 30 Driver’s Guide These hours may vary for different towns School crosswalk: and cities according to municipal bylaws. This sign alerts drivers to watch If a municipality does establish times for pedestrians. different from these, the times will be posted beneath the school sign. You are not permitted to pass or attempt to pass another vehicle travelling in the TO same direction within a school zone, when the zone is in effect. The speed limit for both urban and rural school zones is 30 km/h unless otherwise posted. School zone ends: Playground zones and A school zone ends where a traffic areas sign indicates: Playground zone: 1. a higher maximum speed, or 2. the end of the school zone. When you approach a playground sign with a maximum speed sign attached to it, you are entering a playground zone. School area: You must not exceed the posted speed, when the zone is in effect. When you approach a school sign without a speed sign attached to it, you Playground restrictions are in effect are entering a school area. This sign is to every day from 8:30 a.m. to one hour alert drivers that children may be walking after sunset. or crossing the road and you must use These hours may vary for different towns caution when driving through the and cities according to municipal bylaws. school area. If a municipality does establish times different from these, the times will be posted beneath the playground sign. You are not permitted to pass or attempt to pass another vehicle travelling in the same direction within a playground zone when the speed restriction is in effect. The speed limit for both urban and rural playground zones, when the times are in effect, is 30 km/h unless otherwise posted. Chapter 2 Traffic Control 31 Playground zone ends: It is illegal for any vehicle to park or stop in a parking stall reserved for persons with disabilities unless the vehicle has an identifying parking placard or licence plate. The application for a parking placard for persons with disabilities can be found at www.alberta.ca/get-parking-placard-people- A playground zone ends where a traffic disabilities.aspx or by contacting a registry sign indicates: agent or family doctor. 1. a higher maximum speed, or 2. the end of the playground zone. TTY capabilities Playground area: This sign indicates pay phones that have a TTY (teletypewriter) that assists people who are hearing or speech-impaired to use telephone networks. When you approach a playground sign without a speed limit sign attached to it, you are entering a playground area. This sign is to alert drivers that children may be near and you must use caution when Warning signs driving through the playground area. Warning signs give drivers advance notice of actions required, or potentially hazardous conditions on or near a road. Parking services Some of these signs warn of: for persons a traffic regulation, such as stop with disabilities or yield features or physical conditions of the road hazards that may require a driver to respond. This sign indicates parking for persons with disabilities. These parking spaces ensure that persons with disabilities have safe access to goods and services. 32 Driver’s Guide Traffic regulations: Turn or curve ahead: Stop ahead Yield ahead Sharp turn right Curves right Traffic control School bus Sharp turn left Road curves left signals ahead stop ahead Stop at traffic lights ahead when yellow lights flashing: Road turns left/right Winding road This warning sign is placed in advance of some intersections with traffic control signals. When the yellow lights are flashing, drivers approaching the intersection must prepare to stop because the traffic control signal light will be turning from green to yellow or yellow Recommended maximum to red, or is currently red. speed through this curve under ideal driving conditions Chapter 2 Traffic Control 33 Crossings ahead: T intersection T intersection Pedestrian crossing Animal crossing Railway crossing Trucks entering Moose crossing Bicycle crossing from right School crosswalk Motorized snow Dead end Roundabout vehicles crossing Roadways ahead that join: Intersections ahead: Merging traffic Hidden road right Hidden road left Roadways ahead side-by-side but do not join: Hidden road Y intersection Free flow (added lane) 34 Driver’s Guide Narrow roadways ahead: Pavement ends Slippery when wet Road narrows Narrow passage both sides Hazard marker Hazard marker Bridge object on right object on left Ices Left lane narrows Right lane narrows to right to left Rumble strips Falling rock Left lane ends Right lane ends Divided highway: Chevron sign indicates a sharp bend in the road Shared-use: Divided highway Divided highway begins ends Changing road conditions: SINGLE LINE Warns motorists to Warns that cyclists are provide space for allowed full use of the Hill Bump cyclists lane ahead and that the lane is too narrow for side-by-side driving Chapter 2 Traffic Control 35 Information and Off-road services and facilities: Signs for off-road facilities indicate guide signs availability and direction to the services Information and guide signs provide or recreational areas. information about routes, off-road facilities, and geographical features and points of interest. Route markers: Route markers indicate numbers, Hospital Airport names, or other designations of roads. Parking Fuel Highway route marker Highway route marker Electric vehicle Travel information charging Trans-Canada highway Yellowhead highway Bicycle route marker Food Trailer campground Highway information: Destination signs provide direction and distance to a destination. Telephone Accommodation Directional Distance RCMP or city police Combination of direction and distance 36 Driver’s Guide  Construction zones The speed limit in construction zones must be obeyed at all times. This applies even when people and equipment are not working, since hazards such as bumps, fresh oil, and loose gravel may be present. If workers are present, the fines Recreation area ahead in these areas will be doubled. Obey the flag person’s signal. Other signs Be prepared to slow down and stop if required. Slow moving vehicle: A slow-moving vehicle sign is placed on the back of vehicles that travel less than The following are some of the warning 40 km/h, such as farm tractors, signs about road construction: machinery, or construction equipment. This sign warns drivers to be prepared to reduce their speed. People working Flag person Oversized loads: This sign indicates a wide load is being transported. Use caution when passing vehicles displaying this sign. Survey crew ahead Uneven pavement Detour next ___ km Construction zone ends Chapter 2 Traffic Control 37 Pavement markings Markings on the roadway can provide the following information: lane identification separating opposing traffic traffic movement in the same direction traffic movement in the opposite direction Passing safely is permitted across single solid yellow lines within an urban area. In all other passing zones and no passing zones instances, single or double solid yellow lines lane use and designation indicate that passing is not permitted. pedestrian crosswalks stop lines parking areas word or symbol messages. Broken yellow lines indicate that passing is In some cases, pavement markings permitted. Be sure that the lane is clear and are used along with other traffic control the pass can be completed safely. signs or signals. Lane markings Lane markings can be yellow or white, single or double, solid or broken. These A solid yellow line and a broken yellow line lines provide important information about together indicate that a pass is permitted for direction of traffic flow, lane changing, the driver who has the broken line on their lane restrictions, and passing. side of the roadway. Passing is not permitted for the driver with the solid yellow line on their Solid line markings: side of the roadway. Solid lines mean that crossing the solid line to pass or change lanes is not permitted. Broken line markings: Broken lines mean that crossing the broken line to pass or change lanes is permitted. Yellow line markings: Yellow lines mean that vehicles on each side of the yellow line must travel in opposite directions. A yellow line should always be on the driver’s left side. 38 Driver’s Guide White line markings: White lines mean that vehicles on each side of the white line are travelling in the same direction. On a two-way left turn lane, the centre lane Solid white lines indicate that lane changing of the road is shared and reserved for left is not permitted. turning traffic travelling in either direction. Diamond markings: Broken white lines indicate that lane changing Diamond markings indicate that a lane is is permitted. reserved for specific vehicles. There may also be signs that will indicate time or vehicle restrictions. Symbols Symbols may be used on the pavement to supplement standard signs or by themselves to warn drivers, or to regulate or guide traffic. These markings include: Arrows: Arrows indicate the vehicle movements permitted in a lane. Chapter 2 Traffic Control 39 Shared-use lanes Reserved bicycle lane ahead The turning vehicles yield to bicycles sign Bicycle lanes are painted in the curb may appear at conflict zones where drivers lane of the road with bicycle-shaped are required to cross a bicycle lane. stencils and street signage. Bicycle lanes can also be positioned beside a row of X markings: parking spots. Vehicles are not allowed X markings on rural highways indicate to drive in the bicycle lanes, except when the approach to a railway crossing. An needing to turn or enter/exit a parking advanced warning sign will also indicate spot. The bicycle lane paint line is usually the approach to a railway crossing. dashed near corners to indicate that it is permitted to enter the bicycle lane to turn right. Be very careful and watch for bicycles when entering the bicycle lane when turning. Bicycle lane markings Painted island: This lane is reserved for cyclists. It is Painted islands indicate that this area is separated from traffic and parking by not to be used for travel by any road solid white lines and is marked with an users. Motorists can cross painted image of a bicycle and diamond. islands for the purpose of entering or leaving a driveway, alleyway, or private drive. Do not park or stop in this area. The image of a bicycle capped by a pair of arrows guides cyclists and reminds drivers to expect cyclists in the same travel lane. 40 Driver’s Guide Other roadway markings Crosswalks: Crosswalk lines mark pedestrian crosswalks. Crosswalks also exist at intersections even when they are unmarked, unless a sign indicates no crossing. Stop lines indicate where vehicles must stop at intersections or railway crossings. Crosswalk lines Stop line Drivers should not stop in a ‘no stopping zone’ because they may interfere with other vehicles that are turning from one roadway to another. This is usually where large vehicles need extra room to turn. No stopping zone Chapter 2 Traffic Control 41 NOTES 42 Driver’s Guide 3 The Basics of Driving Pre-drive basics wheel. Many vehicles have a steering wheel that can be tilted or moved Walk around your vehicle before entering back and forth. Find a position that is to check for children, pedestrians, and comfortable for you and that does not anything in your vehicle’s path. Check block your view of the instrument panel. your tires for proper inflation, as well as Your elbows should be slightly bent when around and under your vehicle for fluid your hands are properly positioned on leaks and other problems that may affect the steering wheel. Placing your left hand the safe operation of your vehicle. When at about the 9 o’clock position and your you are doing this while parked along a right hand at about the 3 o’clock position roadway, walk in a direction that allows is recommended. (See “Steering” in this you to see traffic coming toward you in chapter for more information.) As well, the lane next to you. your position must allow you to operate After you have completed this check, you the brake pedal and the accelerator. In a will be ready to take your place in standard transmission vehicle, you must the driver’s seat and prepare yourself for also be able to push the clutch pedal all safe driving. the way to the floor. Before driving do the following basic Be sure you can reach all the controls habits in this order: and can relax your arms when you hold the steering wheel. 1 Lock your doors. 2 Adjust your seat and seat back. 3 Adjust your head restraint. 4 Adjust your inside and outside rear view mirrors. 5 Fasten your seat belt. Lock your doors Lock your doors to prevent unwanted persons from opening your door or entering your vehicle. Locking the doors also reduces the possibility of the doors opening if you are involved in a collision. Adjust your seat and seat back Adjust your seat and seat back support properly so that you are at least 25 centimetres (10 inches) away from the steering wheel. This is the distance recommended by Transport Canada. Be sure you can see over the steering 44 Driver’s Guide Adjust your head restraint Fasten your seat belt Use your head restraint correctly. Head Fasten your seat belt and shoulder restraints in the proper position greatly strap correctly. Seat belts save lives and reduce the risk of injuries due to collisions reduce injuries, and provide the greatest and sudden vehicle movements. protection when worn properly. The law requires you to wear your seat belt. If your vehicle has an adjustable head restraint, it should be positioned so Wear the lap belt low and snug over that the centre of the head restraint is your hips. The shoulder belt must fit level with the top of your ears. over your chest and shoulder. If your head restraint tilts, move Do not tuck the shoulder belt behind it forward to decrease the space your back or under your arm. between your head and the restraint. You are still required to wear your seat Less than 10 centimetres (four inches) belt when in a vehicle with air bags. is ideal. Always check that the head restraint for each passenger is adjusted to the correct height. Correct Too low Seat belt use is required by law When you are ready to go, do the following: A properly adjusted head restraint protects the head and neck. Check to be sure your intended path of travel is clear. Adjust your inside and outside Check your inside and outside rear rear view mirrors view mirrors. Set your rear view mirrors in the Do a shoulder check to be sure correct position. your blind spots are clear. If you are moving away from the right side Adjust your inside rear view mirror to of the road, use your left turn signal to show as much behind you as possible indicate that you are entering traffic. If you by having the rear window framed are on the left side of a one-way road, within the mirror. use your right turn signal. In this situation, Adjust the outside rear view mirrors it can be difficult to see traffic clearly from to reduce blind spots. You should be the driver’s seat. able to see your own vehicle in a small portion of the side view mirror closest to the vehicle. Chapter 3 The Basics of Driving 45 Driving a vehicle Neutral To be used when the transmission is in with an automatic a position that no gear is selected. The transmission wheels are not locked, and there is no power to the wheels. This position is A vehicle with an automatic transmission used for towing the vehicle. The vehicle’s allows the driver to select a gear that engine will start in Neutral. enables the transmission to change gears on its own as the speed changes. Drive Automatic transmissions have a lock To be used for normal forward driving. release button or control built into the The transmission will change up gear selector to reduce the possibility and down through the driving gears of shifting incorrectly. The lock release automatically. The vehicle’s engine will provides the following safety features: not start in this gear. It must be used to move the gear selector from Park to Reverse or any Third, Second, and First Gears forward gear while the brake pedal To be used when you require more is pressed. power but less speed and to prevent It must be used to shift the vehicle the transmission from shifting to a from Drive to a lower gear (first or higher gear. These gears may be used second). when going up or down hills and on It must be used to shift into Park from road conditions such as slush, loose any gear. gravel, snow, sand, or ice, where you need more power but less speed. The Refer to your owner’s manual for vehicle’s engine will not start in this gear. more information about the transmission lock release. Overdrive (if equipped) Park To be used for driving at higher speeds. This gear helps to save fuel. Not all To be used when starting the engine and vehicles have this option. The vehicle’s when leaving the vehicle parked. The engine will not start in this gear. Park position locks the transmission, which prevents the wheels from turning. For more information about The vehicle’s engine will start when the gear selection and use, refer to your transmission is in Park. vehicle’s owner’s manual. Reverse To be used when backing or reversing the vehicle. When the vehicle is in reverse gear the white or clear lights at the rear of the vehicle will be lit. The vehicle’s engine will not start in Reverse. 46 Driver’s Guide Driving a vehicle with should practice using the friction point without the use of the gas pedal. a manual (standard) When driving a manual transmission transmission vehicle, it is important to select the proper gear so that the engine does not lug Shifting gears in a vehicle equipped with (move in rough, bumpy fashion) or race a manual transmission is a skill requiring (rev the engine but not move the car considerable practice. You must operate effectively). The vehicle’s owner’s manual a clutch pedal with your left foot while will provide the approximate speeds at using a gear shift lever with the right hand which you should change gears. to manually select the desired gear. Shifting patterns vary between vehicles When the clutch pedal is pressed as do the number of gears. Your vehicle’s down, the connection between owner’s manual will describe the shifting the transmission and the wheels is pattern for your vehicle. A pattern is disengaged. This prevents the transfer of usually found at the top of the gear engine power to the wheels. The driver shift lever. changes gears when the clutch pedal is pressed down. You can practice moving the gear shift lever, when the vehicle is not running and The clutch pedal is used to connect the clutch pedal is pressed all the way and disconnect the vehicle’s engine and down, into the various gears until you are transmission. When the clutch pedal is sure of the gear locations. You need to be not pressed down, there is a connection able to find each gear without looking at between the engine and transmission, the gear shift when you are driving. and the power of the engine is transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle. When you are driving, be sure to remove your foot from the clutch pedal each When starting the engine of a vehicle time you finish changing to another gear. equipped with a manual transmission, the Leaving your foot on the clutch pedal gear shift lever should be in the neutral unnecessarily is called “riding the clutch” position and the clutch pedal should be and can cause extra wear on the clutch. pressed down completely. When you wish to brake or come to As you begin to release the clutch a stop, do not coast to a stop while pedal by slowly lifting your left foot, the pressing the clutch pedal. Pressing on the connection between the engine and the clutch pedal like this prevents you from transmission will begin to be felt before being able to use the accelerator. the pedal is fully released. The point where this occurs is called the When turning corners, be sure your friction point. vehicle is in the proper gear for the speed of the turn, and that your foot is off the It is at the friction point that you must clutch pedal. slowly release the clutch pedal to prevent the engine from stalling. At the friction Only use the clutch pedal to start point, carefully using the gas pedal with the vehicle, change from one gear to the slow release of the clutch pedal will the next, and just before you stop to help achieve a smooth start. To learn prevent stalling. to use the clutch smoothly, new drivers Chapter 3 The Basics of Driving 47 Steering Hand placements during a right turn: Think of the steering wheel as a clock. To have the best vehicle control, place your left hand at about the 9 o’clock position. Your right hand should be at A B about the 3 o’clock position. If this is not possible due to the design of the steering wheel, place your left hand at about the 10 o’clock position and your right hand at about the 2 o’clock position. When turning a corner, steer using the C D hand-over-hand method. When returning the wheel from a turning position, use the hand-over-hand method. You can also let the steering wheel slide through your hands back into position by loosening your grip slightly, but keeping contact with the steering wheel. E A. Hand position to begin a left or right turn. B. For right turns, the left hand applies turning power. Right hand releases the steering wheel, and moves to the top of the steering wheel. C. R  ight hand takes new position and applies turning power. D. Left hand releases the steering wheel, and returns to 9 o’clock position. E. Reverse the steps to complete the turn and return the steering wheel to the normal position. Turn completed, return hands to driving position. 48 Driver’s Guide Signalling Accelerating Signal lights and brake lights tell other When you are driving your vehicle, your drivers what you are going to do. ability to control your speed depends on looking where you want to go and using You must use your signal light when the accelerator correctly. Gradually press you are: on the accelerator to move the vehicle, moving away from the curb or