Maryland Driver's Manual PDF

MARYLAND Driver’s Manual  For more information, visit: mva.maryland.gov 6601 Ritchie Highway N.E. Glen Burnie, MD 21062 410-768-7000 TTY for the Hear...

MARYLAND Driver’s Manual  For more information, visit: mva.maryland.gov 6601 Ritchie Highway N.E. Glen Burnie, MD 21062 410-768-7000 TTY for the Hearing Impaired: 1-800-492-4575 MarylandMVA MD_MVA DL-002 (05-23) Copyright © Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration, 2023 All rights reserved. The Maryland Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Administration (MDOT/MVA) owns the copyright to this work. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without express written permission from the MDOT/MVA. All content may be used for free and is intended for the study of the Maryland Vehicle Law. Any unauthorized reprint, use, distribution, or sale of this material is prohibited. Please address any questions about producing copies or distribution of this manual to: MVA Administrator 6601 Ritchie Highway N.E. Glen Burnie, MD 21062. DL-002 (10-24) Administrator’s Message Dear Future Driver: You are about to take steps to get a Maryland driver’s license. This is an exciting time for any new driver! It is important to remember that driving is a privilege, and you play a part in making sure that everyone stays safe on our roads. There are many important things to know – this manual is your guide. Be the Driver Who Saves Lives As you travel Maryland’s roads, you will come across drivers who are different ages and have different skill levels. But we all have one thing in common: a responsibility to each other to Be the Driver Who Saves Lives. That means keeping yourself and others safe on the road. As a new driver, it is very important to: Take your time. Understand the rules of the road. Listen and learn from your teachers and instructors. Treat other drivers and passengers with respect. Like any other new skill you are learning, you will get better at driving with more experience on different roads, under different conditions, and in different environments. For example, driving in bad weather, in heavy traffic, and at different times of day. Each of us is responsible every time we get behind the wheel to: Drive sober. Follow speed limits. Pay attention. Look twice for motorcycles. Wear a seat belt. Share the road with pedestrians (people who are walking) and bicyclists. It is up to you to make safe choices behind the wheel. Unfortunately, every day, thousands of drivers decide to drive distracted or impaired, speed, or take their aggression out on other people on the road. This puts themselves anad others at risk. We all need to look out for each other. The Maryland Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA) is committed to driver safety. Our goal is to reach zero fatalities (no deaths) on Maryland’s roads, because even one life lost is one too many. After reading this manual, test your understanding of the rules of the road by taking our Online Driver Test Tutorial. It is located on the MVA website, mva.maryland.gov/drivers. We look forward to serving you. Stay safe, Administrator, MDOT MVA Table of Contents Section 1: Driving Tests Requirements... 7 Section 4: Signs, Signals and A. Vision Screening............................................................. 7 Pavement Markings................... 17 B. Knowledge Test.............................................................. 7 A. Traffic Signals.................................................................. 17 C. Driving Skills Test............................................................. 7 Vehicle Signals................................................................ 17 D. Reportable Medical Conditions................................. 8 Crosswalk Signals.......................................................... 19 B. Traffic Signs...................................................................... 20 Section 2: Licensing Requirements Colors & Shapes............................................................ 20 and Process.......................... 9 Regulatory Signs............................................................. 21 A. Rookie Driver/Graduated Warning Signs................................................................ 22 Licensing System........................................................... 9 Other Traffic Sign Types................................................ 23 B. Learner’s Instructional Permit....................................... 9 C. Pavement Markings....................................................... 24 C. Provisional License.......................................................... 10 Types of Line Markings.................................................. 24 D. Driver’s License................................................................ 11 Other Pavement Markings............................................ 25 E. Co-Signer of Minor’s Application for a License...... 11 Pedestrian and Bicycle Pavement Markings............ 25 F. Co-Signer Cancellation of a Minor’s License............................................................. 11 Section 5: Driving Situations G. Out-of-Country Licenses............................................... 11 and Conditions....................... 27 H. Equity for All Customers................................................ 12 A. Driving in Reduced Visibility......................................... 27 B. Driving at Night............................................................... 27 Section 3: Basic Driving............... 13 C. Driving in Fog................................................................... 28 A. Drive Defensively............................................................ 13 D. Driving in Inclement Weather....................................... 28 B. Right-of-Way................................................................... 13 E. Skidding............................................................................ 29 C. Understanding Vehicle Speed..................................... 14 F. Hydroplaning.................................................................. 29 D. Following Distance......................................................... 15 G. Highway-Railroad Crossings....................................... 30 E. Stopping Distance.......................................................... 15 H. Work Zone Safety.......................................................... 30 F. Lane Driving..................................................................... 15 I. Traffic Circles (Roundabouts)....................................... 31 G. Turning............................................................................... 15 J. Interstate Driving and Limited Access Highways..... 31 H. U-turn................................................................................ 15 K. Funeral Processions........................................................ 32 I. Passing.............................................................................. 16 L. Slow Moving Vehicles................................................... 32 J. General Parking Rules................................................... 16 Section 6: Dangerous Driving Section 10: Other Important Behaviors............................ 33 Information.......................... 51 A. Alcohol, Drugs and Driving.......................................... 33 A. Medical Conditions to Report to MVA...................... 51 B. Aggressive Driving and Road Rage.......................... 34 B. Supervising Driver – Requirements and C. Distracted Driving........................................................... 34 Responsibilities................................................................ 51 D. Drowsy Driving................................................................ 35 C. Organ Donor.................................................................. 51 D. Register to Vote............................................................... 52 Section 7: Sharing the Road............ 37 E. Insurance Requirements................................................. 52 A. Pedestrian Right-of-Way............................................... 37 F. Seat Belt Law................................................................... 52 B. Emergency Vehicles....................................................... 37 G. Child Safety Seats.......................................................... 52 C. Large Trucks and Buses................................................. 37 H. Air Bags............................................................................ 52 D. School Buses................................................................... 38 I. Braking with Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)........... 52 E. Motorcycles.................................................................... 39 J. Wearing of Headsets, Earphones and Earplugs Prohibited.......................................................................... 53 F. Bicycles............................................................................. 39 K. Parallel Parking................................................................ 53 G. Mopeds and Scooters.................................................. 41 L. Pull-In Parking, Back-In Parking, and Three-Point H. Understanding Vehicle Technologies......................... 41 Turn................................................................................... 53 M. Rules and Tips for Bicyclists........................................... 53 Section 8: Crashes and Traffic Stops..... 43 N. Electric Low Speed Vehicles (Definitions)................ 54 A. Crashes............................................................................. 43 B. Roadside Emergencies................................................. 44 C. Traffic Stops..................................................................... 44 D. Move Over Law............................................................. 45 Section 9: Other Restrictions, Violations and Penalties......................... 47 A. Restrictions........................................................................ 47 B. Drug and Alcohol Test – Implied Consent............... 47 C. Obtaining a False or Forged Identification Card, Driver’s License or Learner’s Instructional Permit....... 48 D. Administrative Actions.................................................... 48 E. Penalties............................................................................ 49 F. Use of Disability Parking Spaces, License Plates and Placards................................................................... 49  Meet the drivers who are saving lives in Maryland. Caucasian male Caucasian male Caucasian male Caucasian male Latin Male Latin Male Latin Male LatinLatin Malefemale Latin female Latin female Latin female Asian female Bar tender Asian female Asian female Bar tender Asian female African African American American MaleMale Caucasian Caucasian female female Throughout the manual, our “Be the Driver” mascots will tell you about Maryland’s safe driving campaigns, and provide important safety tips! For more information on the “Be the Driver” campaign, visit: ZeroDeathsMD.gov. SECTION 1: Driving Tests Requirements You must get a driver’s license before driving a B. Knowledge Test motor vehicle. Cars, vans, and pick-up trucks are The knowledge test checks to see if you know examples of motor vehicles. To get a driver’s license, about: you must take and pass some tests. These tests are Motor vehicle laws. called licensing requirements. Licensing requirements include a: Safe driving practices. Vision screening. Traffic signs. Knowledge test. This manual includes all the information you will be tested on. You take the knowledge test Driving skills test. at an MVA location. There are 25 questions Some people may have to meet other requirements on the test. You will have 20 minutes to take to show that they can drive safely. The Maryland the test. See Section 2.A. if you need special Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle accommodations. Administration (MVA) will let you know if you must There is an Online Driver Test Tutorial on meet other requirements. the MVA’s website. The tutorial has practice questions that help you get ready for the A. Vision Screening knowledge test. You should also study all the A vision screening tests how well you can see. The information in this manual to help you pass MVA or your eye doctor can do the screening. the knowledge test. To qualify for a driver’s license, the applicant must have: C. Driving Skills Test Binocular vision. The driving test is how the MVA checks to see that you have the skills to drive safely and responsibly. Visual acuity of at least 20/40 in each eye. The test includes driving on public roads and a A continuous field of vision of at least 140 special course at the testing location. degrees. You must make an appointment to take the driver’s The MVA or your eye doctor can explain what skills test. To make an appointment, you can: this means. They can tell you if you meet these Visit mva.maryland.gov and click on “Make requirements. an Appointment,” or If you need glasses or contact lenses to meet Call 410-768- 7000 or 1-800-492-4575 these requirements, you must always wear them (TTY for the deaf and hard of hearing). when you drive. Your license will say that. There is additional information on the MVA website for people who do not meet the vision requirements. 7  You take the driving skills test using a vehicle D. Reportable Medical Conditions you bring to the test. It must meet the following You must let the MVA know if you have a requirements for you to use it for the test: medical condition that could affect your ability to The vehicle must have up-to-date license drive. State law requires this. See Section10 for plates and registration. a list of medical conditions you must report, and when to report them. You must have proof that the vehicle is insured. The vehicle must be: Safe to drive. Have no cracks or other things on the windshield that could affect your ability to see. Did you know highway Have at least a half tank of gas. workers remove over two million pounds of litter from A “supervising driver” must come with you to state roads each year? Fines the test site. Section 10 of this manual explains for littering who supervising drivers are. Only you and the can cost up person giving you the test are allowed in the to $1500 or vehicle during the test. An interpreter that the 30 days in MVA approves can also be in the car if you prison. need one. To help keep you and MVA employees healthy and safe: We encourage you to keep air flowing in the vehicle during the test. For example, by opening the windows. The person giving you the test may suggest other things. You can wear a mask during the test if you want. If you are not feeling well, you should reschedule your appointment. 8  Licensing Requirements SECTION 2: and Process This section explains what you must do to get a Provisional License. These steps give you driving Maryland driver’s license. The information is for experience before “graduating” to a Driver’s people who want a “noncommercial driver’s” License. Keep reading to learn more. license. A noncommercial driver’s license allows you to drive regular vehicles like cars, pickup trucks, and B. Learner’s Instructional Permit vans. It is also called a Class C driver’s license. If you have never had a noncommercial, To start the process, make an appointment to visit any driver’s license you must get a Type 1 Learner’s MVA branch. When you apply, you must bring: Instructional Permit. The Permit lasts up to 2 years. You must pass a vision screening and A document (record) that proves your age. This knowledge test to get the Permit. must include your full name. Examples are your birth certificate or passport. If you already have a driver’s license and want a different class of driver’s license, you must apply A document that proves your lawful status (for for a Type 2 Learner’s Instructional Permit. You must anyone born outside of the United States). be at least 16 years and 6 months old. The Type Your Social Security Number (SSN), or proof 2 Learner’s Instructional Permit lasts for up to 180 that you are not eligible for a SSN. days. You can take the driving test for a full license once you have had this Permit for at least 14 days. Two documents that prove that you live in Maryland. The amount of time you must have a Learner’s Instructional Permit before you are eligible for a You must bring original documents or copies certified Provisional License depends on your age. People by the agency that provided them to you. The MVA who apply for a permit are called “applicants.” will not accept photocopies, notarized copies, or documents with changed or erased information. Applicants younger than 25: Please visit our website for a complete list of the Must be at least 15 years and 9 months old. documents the MVA accepts. If under age 18, your parent or legal guardian must co-sign the application. A. Rookie Driver/Graduated Licensing System If under age 16, you must provide a completed Learner’s Permit School The process you go through to get a Attendance Certification form (DL-300). noncommercial driver’s license is called the Rookie Driver/Graduated Driver Licensing While you have your Learner’s Instructional System (GLS). You go through the GLS process Permit, you must: if you have never had a driver’s license before. Complete the Maryland Driver Education It applies to people of all ages who are eligible Program. It helps new drivers learn information to apply for a driver’s license. You start by and skills needed to drive a motor vehicle. The getting a Learner’s Instructional Permit and then a MVA website lists driver’s education schools approved to teach this program. AND 9  Practice driving at least 60 hours with a suspended for any reason. You must meet supervising driver. These are called practice the rest of the GLS requirements described hours. At least 10 practice hours must occur above before you are eligible to take a skills during the period beginning 30 minutes driving test. before sunset and ending 30 minutes after If you are under age 18, you must hold the sunrise. AND Permit for at least 9 months without a violation Keep a Practice and Skills Log to record your before being eligible for a Provisional License. practice hours. You can find the Practice and If you are age 18 with a high school diploma Skills Log on the MVA website. or GED, or age 19 to 24, you must hold the Permit for at least 3 months without a violation Applicants 25 years old and older: before being eligible for a Provisional License. While you have your Learner’s Instructional Permit, you must: C. Provisional License Complete the Maryland Driver Education A Provisional Driver’s License is issued to new Program. AND drivers who have never held a driver’s license. Complete at least 14 practice hours with a It permits you to drive without supervision but supervising driver. At least 3 practice hours with restrictions. Restrictions are things like no must occur during the period beginning 30 passengers and no driving at night. You have a minutes before sunset and ending 30 minutes Provisional Driver’s License for at least 18 months after sunrise. AND before being eligible for a regular Driver’s License. Keep a Practice and Skills Log to record you If you want to graduate from a Learner’s practice hours. The Practice and Skills Log is Instructional Permit to a Provisional License, you on the MVA website. must: You must have your permit for at least 45 days Have successfully completed a Maryland before the you are eligible for a Provisional approved driver education program. License. Have a valid, unexpired Learner’s Instructional Permit. Violations Hold a Learner’s Instructional Permit without In some situations, you must have your permit violations for the amount of time described longer before being eligible for a Provisional above. License: Not be convicted of any moving violations At any age, if you have been convicted of or have been granted probation before or given a Probation Before Judgement (PBJ) judgment for any moving violations during for a moving violation, you must hold the time described above. Learner’s Instructional Permit at least 9 months following the most recent date you were Submit a completed and signed Practice and convicted of or granted a PBJ for a moving Skills Log. This must show that you completed violation. This also applies if you have been 10  at least 60 practice hours driving with a spouse, a responsible adult may co-sign if you supervising driver (14 if you are 25 or older). are under 18. An adult employer is one example. Successfully pass the driving skills test. In this case, you will need to provide proof like your parents’ death certificates or proof of emancipation. Emancipation means a court has D. Driver’s License decided that a minor is no longer under their A Driver’s License is the last stage of the parents’ control. Graduated Driver Licensing System. To be eligible for a Driver’s License, you must: F. Co-Signer Cancellation of a Be at least 18 years of age. Minor’s License The co-signer may cancel a minor’s license Have had a Provisional License for at least 8 by submitting a written request to the MVA’s months. Administrative Adjudication Division. Your license Have not been convicted of any moving remains cancelled until you reach the age of 18, violations or have been granted probation unless a co-signer co-signs a new application for before judgment for any moving violations you. They must meet the qualifications described within the past 18 months. above. When you have met all these requirements, the MVA will automatically switch your Provisional G. Out-of-Country Licenses License to a Driver’s License. A card showing the If you have a license from another country, you switch will be mailed to you. You must carry the must successfully complete the following to get a card with your Provisional License. Maryland license: Vision screening. E. Co-Signer of Minor’s Application for a License Knowledge test. If you are younger than 18 years old, you are Driving skills test. a minor. Minors must have a parent or legal A three-hour alcohol and drug education guardian co-sign their application. That means program approved by the MVA. You can you both sign it. You must provide proof that they find a list of these on the MVA website. are your parent or guardian. Examples of proof are: If your license from another country is not in English, you must also: An original or certified birth certificate with your parent’s name, or Have an International License, or Court documents showing legal guardianship. Have your license translated into English. If you are married and your husband or wife is Document translations must be prepared by (and 18 or older, they can co-sign. You must provide proof that you are married. If you do not have a parent, legal guardian or 11  on the letterhead of): the business of a driving school, or issue lease/ An MVA approved provider or court rental agreements. translator, OR For Customers with Disabilities The embassy of the country of origin. The MVA provides accommodations to its These documents must contain the: customers with disabilities taking the knowledge Typed/printed name of the translator, AND and driver’s skills tests. This includes: Telephone number, AND Additional time for test taking. Signature of the translator. Sign language support (American Sign Language and Certified Deaf Interpreters) H. Equity for All Customers Oral testing. Screen Readers. For Foreign Language Customers The MVA offers several documents and tests in Headphones. other languages for customers who need that. Visual Aids. If you have difficulty communicating in English, MVA provides accommodations based on each you may be able to use an interpreter when person’s needs. Please contact customer service you visit the MVA, especially when taking the at: feedback.mva.maryland.gov knowledge test or driving test. If we offer the knowledge test in the language that you speak, Developmental Disability you must take it at least 5 times before using Disclosure Card an interpreter. You can find a list of approved If you have a developmental disability, you can interpreters on our website. choose to carry a Developmental Disability NOTE: The MVA does not charge a fee for Disclosure Card with your license. It is a blue using an interpreter. However, you will have to card the size of a driver’s license. It includes pay the interpreter for their services. space to provide details about your disability, how best to communicate with you, and other If you have an interpreter and/or translator when information you may want to share with law you visit the MVA, they must show a valid photo enforcement. identification card (either a state driver’s license or identification card) before providing on-site Carrying a Developmental Disability Disclosure interpretation and/or translation services. MVA Card is voluntary – you decide if you want one. staff will confirm that the interpreter/translator is You or your parent or guardian can get a card on our approved list. by visiting the information desk at any MVA location. MVA will NOT ask you to provide NOTE: Interpreters providing services for information or documentation about your knowledge/skills testing may not provide disability to get this card. other services to the customer being tested. For example, they cannot certify residence, conduct 12 SECTION 3: Basic Driving Before you drive: Risk Management You and your vehicle should be in good Operating a motor vehicle is a risky activity. condition to drive. Consider the following steps to manage risk and be a safe and responsible driver: You must have a valid Learner’s Permit or driver’s license, and vehicle registration card Adjust your speed, position, and direction to with you. respond to road conditions. You should adjust your seat and mirrors, and Keep control of your vehicle. You should make sure you and all Increase the time you have to respond to passengers are wearing a seat belt. what is happening around you. Let other drivers know what you plan to do A. Drive Defensively by using turn signals, etc. A basic rule of driving is that, at all times, the Maintain a safe distance between your driver should control the vehicle to avoid a vehicle and other people using the road. crash. When you drive a motor vehicle, you are responsible for operating it safely. This will Do not assume that other drivers will do what reduce risks for yourself, your passengers, and they are supposed to do. others using the road. Always be careful. Visual Search/Driver Awareness B. Right-of-Way You must make constant decisions to be a Right-of-way rules help keep everyone on the safe driver. To do this, you must know what is road safe. These rules state when you should happening around your vehicle at all times. “yield the right-of-way” to others. Yielding the Constantly observing your surroundings helps you right-of-way means letting other vehicles, bicyclists, to see problems that may cause you to change or pedestrians move ahead of you or cross the speed or change lanes. This includes watching the road in front of you. It means letting them go first. front, sides, and rear of your vehicle. Although the rules state who should yield the By searching ahead and being ready to change right-of-way in different situations, never assume speed or change lanes, you can drive more you automatically have the right-of-way (the right safely and have time to identify risks. This is to go first). You must always consider the situation called defensive driving. and circumstances. You should yield the right-of-way to: The driver who is at or arrives before you at an intersection. The driver on your right, if both of you arrive at an intersection at the same time. 13  The driver on your right at a four-way Reduces your ability to handle curves and intersection with stop signs. drive around obstacles in the road. Pedestrians, bicyclists, and other drivers who Takes longer to stop your vehicle. are still in an intersection. Decreases your ability to recognize and Drivers already on the road as you stop at a react to a hazard or dangerous situation. “T” intersection. Increases the risk of crashes because other Other drivers, if you are approaching an vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians may not intersection with a yield sign facing you. be able to judge your distance accurately. Drivers in the opposing traffic lane, when you Increases the force and impact in a crash, are making a left turn. The opposing traffic which more likely results in serious injuries lane is the one with vehicles going in the and deaths. opposite direction. Appropriate Speed for Conditions Drivers on a road you are entering from a driveway or a private road. You must recognize and adjust your speed to adverse (bad) conditions. Maryland Vehicle Law Drivers already on a highway, if you are on requires you to drive at a reasonable speed and the entrance or acceleration ramp. be aware of existing and potential hazards. You may drive slower than the posted speed limit, C. Understanding Vehicle Speed based on road conditions, but it is illegal to drive Signs along the road tell you what the speed limit any faster than the posted speed limit. is. The posted speed limit is the maximum legal You should reduce your speed in the following speed you can travel on a road under ideal conditions to stay safe: (perfect) conditions. You should not drive faster than the speed limit. You are responsible for Sharp curves or hills – where it is hard to see. always driving at a safe speed. Slippery roads. It is safest to drive at the same speed that most Roads where there may be pedestrians or traffic is moving, up to the maximum speed animals. limit. Driving at a speed lower than other traffic encourages other vehicles to constantly pass Shopping centers, parking lots, and you. This increases the chances of a crash. downtown areas. Heavy traffic. Speeding Narrow bridges and tunnels. Driving over the speed limit is one of the most common causes of vehicle crashes. Excessive Toll plazas. speed does not save time and often leads to Schools, playgrounds, and residential streets. decisions that put people at risk. Driving over Railroad grade crossings. This is when the the speed limit has severe and often disastrous railroad tracks are level with the road. effects because it: 14 D. Following Distance F. Lane Driving Always keep a safe distance between your You should drive your vehicle in a single lane. vehicle and the one ahead of you. Most rear- Do not switch lanes until you determine it is safe end crashes are caused by following too closely. to do so. You should not drift across lane lines or The MVA recommends a minimum following make lane changes when in an intersection. distance of 3 to 4 seconds under ideal driving Generally, you should keep your vehicle to the conditions. This means it takes 3 to 4 seconds to right of the center of the road, unless: get to the same reference point as the car ahead of you. A reference point is an object ahead, You are passing another vehicle going in the like a bridge, overpass, sign, or mile marker. same direction, Choose a reference point to determine if you There is a traffic sign or signal saying it is are following at a safe distance. As the car in okay to do so, or front of you passes that object, begin counting 1 There is something in the way that makes it one thousand, 2 one thousand, 3 one thousand, necessary for you to change your position etc. If you reach 3 one thousand or more before safely. your car reaches the object, you are at least 3 seconds behind the car in front of you and traveling at a safe distance. G. Turning When turning, you should: When following vehicles that stop often (buses, delivery vans), you should increase the distance Look for signs and signals that say when you between your vehicle and the one ahead of you to can turn. four or five seconds, and possibly more if needed. Plan your turn before reaching the turning point. E. Stopping Distance Switch on your turn signal before you get to The distance it takes to stop your vehicle is the turn to let other drivers know what you important to help you choose a safe driving plan to do. speed. Your stopping distance will depend upon many things, including: Look in front, behind, and to both sides of your vehicle to make sure it is safe to turn. The amount of time it takes you to see that there is a dangerous situation. Adjust your speed for the turn. The type and condition of the road. H. U-turn The condition of your tire treads. U-turns can be extremely dangerous and are not The condition of your vehicle’s brakes. legal everywhere. If you must make a U-turn, first check to see if U-turns are allowed. If they are, turn on your left turn signal and stop and yield You are responsible for for traffic coming toward you. When the way controlling your vehicle is clear, turn into the outside or right-hand lane to avoid a crash. traveling in the opposite direction. 15 I. Passing When your view is obstructed as you come When passing other vehicles is allowed, you must: within 100 feet of a bridge, elevated road, or tunnel. Estimate the time and space needed to pass and be sure you can pass without getting in When crossing or within 100 feet of an the way of any other vehicle. intersection or railroad grade crossing. Use your turn signal before passing so drivers On the shoulder of the road, either to the right around you know what you plan to do. or to the left. Leave plenty of space and go around the J. General Parking Rules other vehicle at a safe distance. You are responsible for making sure that your See both headlights of the passed vehicle in vehicle is not a hazard when it is parked. This your rear-view mirror before returning to the means it doesn’t cause harm to anyone. You lane you came from. should always: Generally, you should pass on the left side of Park in areas that are clearly meant for parking. the other vehicle. However, it is ok to pass on the right side if it is safe to do so, you stay on the When parking along the road, park your road, and: vehicle as far away from traffic as possible. If there is a curb, park as close to it as possible. The other vehicle is about to make a left turn. Set your parking brake when You are on an unobstructed road with two you park. or more lanes moving in the same direction. Unobstructed means there are no median Place the vehicle in gear if strips, signs, or other things in the way. it has a manual transmission or in ‘park’ if it has an You are on an unobstructed one-way road automatic transmission. with two or more lanes. Check your mirrors and traffic before When being passed by another vehicle, you opening the door. Shut the door as soon as must yield to the other vehicle and not increase you can after getting out. your speed. Take your car keys with you. It is a good You may not pass: habit to lock the doors whenever you leave When you are in a no-passing zone. your vehicle. Where the solid yellow line in the middle of the road is on your side. Where there are double solid yellow lines. In areas where you see When passing will interfere with the safe “stay right” signs, drive operation of other vehicles. in the right-hand lane or lanes unless you are When approaching the top of a hill or on a passing a vehicle. curve and you cannot clearly see ahead. 16  Signs, Signals and SECTION 4: Pavement Markings Everyone must obey traffic control devices. When a traffic signal is not working: Traffic control devices are traffic signals, signs, You must stop at a clearly marked stop line. A and pavement markings (lines on the road) that stop line is a wide white line painted across regulate, warn, and guide traffic. Failing to obey the road that shows where you must stop at traffic control devices is a major cause of crashes. an intersection. The only time you do not have to obey all traffic If there is no clearly marked stop line, you control devices is when one of the following tells must stop before entering a crosswalk. you to do something different: If there is no clearly marked stop line or A police officer or other emergency crosswalk, you must stop before entering the personnel. intersection. A school crossing guard in uniform You must yield to vehicles and pedestrians directing traffic near a school. in the intersection, and remain stopped until When you come to an intersection, you may not it is safe to enter and continue through the drive across private property or leave the road to intersection. avoid obeying a traffic control device. A. Traffic Signals Vehicle Signals 1. Steady Red Signal 2. Steady Yellow Signal Come to a complete stop at the stop This means that the signal is changing from line. If there is no stop line, stop before green to red. It gives you time to stop safely. the crosswalk and before entering the It also provides time for vehicles already in intersection. Remain stopped as long as the the intersection to get through the intersection signal is red. before the signal turns red. If you are too close to the intersection to stop safely, carefully Unless a sign prohibits turning on red, after continue through the intersection. coming to a complete stop, you may: Turn right, or 3. Steady Green Signal Turn left from a one-way street to Proceed with caution after you have checked another one-way street. first to see that no other vehicles are in the intersection. This means be careful and pay When turning on a red signal, you must yield close attention. When it is safe to proceed, you the right-of-way to pedestrians and all other may enter the intersection to go straight-ahead traffic. or turn unless a sign or another signal prohibits the turn. You must yield to pedestrians and vehicles already in the intersection. 17  Vehicle Signals (cont.) 4. Steady Red Arrow Signal 10. Lane Use Signals If you want to go in the direction the arrow On some roads, traffic in some lanes can is pointing to, come to a complete stop go in one direction during certain hours of before reaching the stop line, crosswalk, or the day, and the other direction during other intersection. Remain stopped as long as the hours. This is based on how heavy traffic is arrow signal is red. at different times of day. These are called reversible lanes. Lane use signals tell you which direction you can go. The lanes and 5. Steady Yellow Arrow Signal their directions may be marked with signs, This means that permission to turn in the signals, and markings. direction of the arrow is ending. You should slow down and proceed with caution. You must never drive in a lane under a red “X” signal. 6. Steady Green Arrow Signal You may drive in a lane under a green arrow signal. Proceed with caution in the direction the arrow points. Remember that you must yield A steady yellow “X” signal means you to all pedestrians and vehicles already in should move out of the lane as soon as you the intersection. safely can. A flashing yellow “X” signal or two-way 7. Flashing Red Signal left-turn arrows mean you can use the lane Come to a complete stop at the stop for a left turn. You will likely be sharing the line. If there is no stop line, stop before lane with left-turning vehicles coming from the crosswalk and before entering the the opposite direction. intersection. Yield to all other traffic and pedestrians. Proceed when the way is clear. If a flashing red signal is located at a railroad crossing, you must come to a complete stop, even if you do not see a train. Proceed when the way is clear. 8. Flashing Yellow Signal You must slow down and proceed with caution. 9. Flashing Red Arrow Signal Come to a complete stop before reaching the stop line, crosswalk, or intersection. Yield to all other traffic and pedestrians. Proceed in the direction of the arrow when the way is clear. 18  Crosswalk Signals A crosswalk signal stops traffic so pedestrians can cross the road safely. Pedestrians use the signal by pushing a button on a pole on the side of the road. It tells drivers to stop and then tells pedestrians to cross. Below are the signals that pedestrians and drivers see. Pedestrians: Drivers: See This Do This See This Do This Stop. Push button Go. to cross. Flashing yellow. Wait! Slow down. Continue to wait. Solid yellow. Get ready to stop. Look both ways. Start crossing after Solid red. Stop! traffic has stopped. Don’t start. Finish crossing if started. Flashing red. Stop. Proceed with caution. Stop. Traffic has started moving. Proceed with caution. 19  B. Traffic Signs Colors & Shapes Traffic signs use symbols and words to communicate information. You should be able to quickly identify traffic signs by their shapes and colors, and the words, numbers, or symbols on them. The main background color of a traffic sign can quickly tell you what kind of information it has. Red - Stop, yield, do not enter, or Octagon: Stop wrong way. The octagonal (eight-sided) shape always means stop. You must come to a complete stop. Yellow - General warning of what to expect ahead. Triangle: Yield White - Speed limit, keep right, and some Slow down and, if necessary, stop to give the right- guide signs. of- way to other vehicles and pedestrians. Orange - Construction and maintenance Diamond: Warning work area warning. These signs warn you of special conditions or hazards ahead. You may have to slow down, so be ready to Green - Destinations, distances, and take appropriate action. directions. Pennant: No Passing Blue - Services like food, gas, and rest area signs. Marks the start of a no passing zone. Do not pass other vehicles. Brown - Recreation and cultural interest areas. Rectangle: Regulatory or Guide Vertical signs usually give instructions or tell you Fluorescent Yellow-Green - School, the rules of the road. Horizontal signs usually give pedestrian and bicycle signs. directions or information. Fluorescent Pink - Emergency traffic Pentagon: School Zone and School Crossing incidents. The pentagon (five-sided) shape warns you of school Black - One Way signs and signs that zones and marks school crossings. change messages. Round: Railroad Warning Used to warn that there is a railroad crossing ahead. Crossbuck: Highway—Rail Grade Crossing Identifies the location of a railroad crossing. Trapezoid Recreation and cultural interest areas and National Forest Routes. 20  Regulatory Signs These signs are about traffic laws. You must obey them. 1. 8-Sided Sign, White Letters on Red The stop sign is the only 8-sided sign you will see on the road. When you come to a stop sign: You must make a complete stop at the stop line. If there is no stop line, stop before entering a crosswalk. If there is no stop line or crosswalk, stop before entering the intersection. You must yield to vehicles and pedestrians in the intersection; and remain stopped until it is safe to enter and continue through the intersection. 2. 3-Sided Sign, Red Letters on White The yield sign is the only sign shaped like this. Slow down as you come to a yield sign. Look to the left and the right. Yield to pedestrians, bicycles, and vehicles. Once you have yielded to vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians, you may proceed only when you can do so safely. 3. Rectangular (4-Sided) Signs, Black on White These signs regulate traffic. This sign tells you the maximum speed limit for the part of the road where it is posted. No Right Turn No Left Turn No U-Turn No Turns Left Turn Only Do Not Enter No Parking No Turn On Red Do Not Pass Stay to Right of Left Turn Yield Bike Lane Median on Green Wrong Way Reserved for Two-way Left One Way High Occupancy Vehicles People with Disability Parking Vehicles traveling in Traffic can only go You may only use this lane if you have the Permits either direction can in the direction of the number of the people that is marked on the sign. use the center lane to arrow. turn left. 21  Warning Signs These signs provide notice to road users of a situation that might not be readily apparent. Stop Ahead Yield Ahead Signal Ahead Sharp Right Turn Pedestrian Traffic Circle/ Crossing Roundabout Speed Limit Exit Ramp No Passing Zone Two Roads Road Divides Divided Road Advisory Speed Merging Ahead Ends Ahead Road Curves Sharp Turns Road Curves Side Road Enters Lane Ends Intersection Ahead Merge Left “T” Intersection Railroad before Steep Hill Slippery When Lane Ends Truck Crossing Ahead “T” Intersection Wet Trail Crossing Pedestrian and Flagger Ahead Roadwork Ahead Detour Bicycle Crossing School Crossing School Bus Stop Begin Work Zone End Active Work Zone Active when Flashing Ahead Ahead Work Zone (increased fines) 22 Other Traffic Sign Types Overhead Lane Use You will see these signs above the road. They provide information about destinations, directions, and how to use the lanes. Route Marker Signs Some roads are numbered. They are called route numbers. These signs identify the route number and the type Interstate U.S. Route State Route of road. Service Information and Guide Signs These signs identify the businesses and services you can find if you Park and Ride Destination Guide General Services Sign take certain exits. Lodging Hospital Gas Food Airport Train Station Mile Marker Signs These are located every mile on interstate highways. They provide location information you can use if you need someone to find you. For example, a tow truck or emergency personnel. 23  C. Pavement Markings Types of Line Markings Pavement markings are lines on the road. They provide important guidance and information without requiring you to look away from the road. You should recognize all the following pavement markings and understand what they mean. Lines may be extra wide in some locations and/or have reflective markers attached to draw your attention and help you see the lines. Single Broken - White Double (side-by-side) Separates lanes where all traffic is going Solid - White in the same direction, and crossing from Separates lanes where all traffic is going in one lane to the other is permitted. Used on the same direction and you are not allowed roads with more than one lane. to change lanes. May also be used to separate general lanes from HOV lanes. Single Broken - Yellow Also, may be used before obstructions that you may pass on either side. Separates lanes where vehicles are traveling in opposite directions, and passing with care is permitted in either Double (side-by-side) direction. Used as the center line on Solid - Yellow 2-lane, 2-way roads. Separates lanes where traffic is going in opposite directions and passing is not Single Solid - White allowed in either direction. You may make Marks the right edge of the road. Also a left turn across a double solid yellow line. separates lanes where all vehicles are For example, when turning into a driveway. going in the same direction, but lane changing is discouraged. Solid plus Broken - Yellow Used on two-way roads where passing Single Solid - Yellow is permitted in only one direction. Careful Marks left edge lines on divided passing is: highways, one-way roads, and ramps. Allowed for traffic on the side of the A divided highway has a guardrail, strip broken line. of land, or other barrier between traffic travelling in each direction. Not allowed for traffic on the side of the solid line. Double (side-by-side) Also used to mark the edges of two-way Broken - Yellow left turn lanes – solid lines are on the or Marks the edges of reversible lanes – outside and broken lines are on the inside. lanes where traffic flows in one direction some times and the other direction other Single Dotted– Yellow or times. You may enter and exit the lane White based on what traffic signs and signals say is permitted. Continues lane lines through intersections. Drivers in intersections should stay inside the lane markings. 24 Other Pavement Markings Other pavement markings are critical to safe Word and Symbol Markings driving. It is also important to recognize and Markings that tell you: understand them. They include: How to use a lane. Stop Line About lane reductions (for White, solid line that shows where a example, the road is changing vehicle must stop for a STOP sign or from two lanes to just one). red traffic signal. What direction to travel. Yield Lines Markings used with arrows or other word messages to show Rows of small triangles across the how you may move in that lane. lane that show where a vehicle must yield to other vehicles or pedestrians. ‘SCHOOL’ and ‘RxR’ markings to warn that you are approaching school areas and railroad crossings. Pedestrian and Bicycle Pavement Markings Most Maryland roads that bicycles share with Where parallel parking is allowed, similar lines motor vehicles don’t have specific traffic signs may separate the bicycle lanes from the parking or pavement markings. Some roads do have lanes. shared-use lane markings (see photos). They are Pedestrian crosswalk lines mostly in cities. These markings: are white, solid lines that Alert drivers that bicyclists may be on the show where pedestrians road, cross. Crosswalks may Tell bicyclists where to ride, and have additional lines between the white, solid Discourage biking in the wrong direction. lines or in place of them. Some roads have pavement markings that show lanes that are just for bicycles. Solid or broken white lines separate these bike lanes from motor vehicle lanes. You may see bike lanes marked with bike lane signs or by bicycle symbols and arrows. 25  be the be the slow down buckled up drıver drıver According to the National Highway Wearing a seat belt is the single most Traffic Safety Administration, a crash on effective way to prevent death and a road with a speed limit of 65 miles per serious injury in a car crash. Be the hour (mph) or higher is: BUCKLED UP Driver and wear your More than twice as likely to result in seat belt – every trip, every ride, front death than a crash on a road with a seat or back seat. About 90 percent of speed limit of 45 or 50 mph. Maryland drivers and passengers wear their seat belt, but our goal is 100 Nearly five times as likely to result in percent. Each year, hundreds of death than a crash on a road with a drivers and passengers not wearing a speed limit of 40 mph or lower. seat belt are seriously injured or killed Barurges on our roads. Most of those tender driversLatin Male African American Male injuries Caucasian female Be the SLOWmale Caucasian DOWN Driver Latin female A and deaths could have been avoided if to obey speed limits. If you have a need those people were buckled up at the for speed, stick to playing video games. time of their crash. It takes three seconds to buckle up but it can make a lifetime of difference. For more information, visit: ZeroDeathsMD.gov. 26  Driving Situations SECTION 5: and Conditions A. Driving in Reduced Visibility Nighttime, foggy conditions, and stormy Visibility is your ability to clearly see everything weather are important times to use around you on the road, like other vehicles, headlights. pedestrians, road signs, signals, and pavement Maryland law requires that you turn on markings. Reduced or low visibility means it is your headlights when using your windshield harder to see these things. Different things can wipers in inclement weather. Inclement cause reduced visibility, but the most common weather is bad weather that might cause ones are darkness, fog, heavy rain, and snow. unsafe conditions. Driving when visibility is reduced is more difficult than “normal” driving and requires more Low Beam or High Beam Headlights concentration and preparation. When driving in Use low beams when: reduced visibility situations, remember: Driving in normal driving situations, like Use the lines on the edge of the road or the driving at night on a road with streetlights. right side of the road as a guide. Driving in fog, rain, snow, etc. Yellow pavement markings should never be Entering a tunnel or construction area. (The on your right side. They should always be on law does not always require this, but it makes your left side. Yellow is used to divide traffic it easier for other drivers and construction going in opposite directions. It marks the left workers to see you.) edge of the road. Use high beams on roads without streetlights so White pavement markings mark the right you can see other vehicles and people. You must: edge of the road. They also divide traffic traveling in the same direction. Change to low beams at least 500 feet before reaching vehicles coming toward you. When to Use Your Headlights Change to low beams when following a Knowing when and how to use your headlights vehicle that is 300 feet or less in front of you. is critical for safe driving. Use your headlights to help you see when visibility is low. Using your B. Driving at Night headlights also helps oncoming traffic see you. Driving at night is more risky and more difficult Here are some basic rules for than daytime driving. It is harder to judge how headlight use: far away other vehicles are and how fast they are moving. You can see only as far as your When driving, you must turn headlights allow. There are more risks at night on your headlights anytime because you cannot see as well. That makes it there is not enough light to difficult to clearly see where you are going and clearly see at least 1,000 what other drivers are doing. feet in front of your vehicle. 27  Here are some suggestions to follow when makes it possible for your vehicle to start, stop, driving at night: and change direction. When you have good Make sure you use your headlights and follow traction, you can better control your vehicle. the suggestions for when to use high beams. Risks increase when roads are covered with Do not stare into the headlights of traffic snow and/or ice. When you drive in inclement coming toward you in the opposite lane. weather, you must concentrate more and be This will make it hard for you to see. Instead, better prepared. look at the road in front of you, or slightly to When driving in inclement weather, it is the right of the lane you are traveling in (you important to think ahead and take action to can look at the right edge of your lane or the stay safe – not just react to what other drivers edge of the road). do. This will help you avoid a crash. Some Increase the distance between you and the things you can do to stay safe when driving in vehicle in front of you. This will help prevent inclement weather include: a crash if the vehicle in front of you needs to Keep a safe distance - the space needed stop quickly. between you and the car in front of you is much greater on wet roads than in dry roads. C. Driving in Fog You need even more space when the road is There are some unique challenges to driving in covered with snow or ice. fog that require you to be especially careful. Reduce your speed so you have more time to Below are some guidelines and requirements for react. driving when it is foggy: Make sure your tires have good tread, Reduce your normal driving speed. based on what the company that made the When you see headlights or another vehicle’s tires recommends and the guidelines for your taillights ahead, reduce your speed even vehicle. more. You must be prepared to stop quickly. Avoid slamming on your brakes because If the fog is so thick that you cannot safely this may cause your vehicle to skid. If your drive your vehicle, pull completely off the vehicle does not have an anti-lock braking road to a safe location and turn on your system, pump the brakes to prevent skidding. emergency flashers. Avoid jerking the steering wheel or quickly Use low beam headlights only. Also use fog changing speed. lights if you have them. D. Driving in Inclement Weather Ramps and bridges freeze Wet roads can be slippery, reducing traction before roads. Also, plowed and increasing the chances of a crash. Traction roads may refreeze at night or is the grip between your tires and the road that have icy patches from snow that melted during the day. 28  Make sure your windshield wipers are Emergency Kit Supplies: working well. You should keep an emergency kit in your car Use your headlights. that contains: Flares Driving on Snow/Ice Flashlight and batteries There is no such thing as a “completely safe” speed on ice and snow. In winter weather, every First aid kit road may be different depending upon sun, Blanket shade, the amount of salt on the road, and other conditions. Watch ahead for danger spots. It can Kitty litter or sand (for traction on snow and ice) be very hard or impossible to see a thin layer of Small shovel and ice scraper ice on blacktop (asphalt) roads. This is sometimes called black ice. It is caused by ice or snow E. Skidding melting and re-freezing. It can cause a crash if Traction between your tires and the road is not you are not aware of the danger. always the same. For example, sand, gravel, Four-wheel drive vehicles can also slide on ice uneven road surfaces, oil slicks/spills, increased and snow. You might have more control with a speed, or water on the road decreases traction. four-wheel drive vehicle but driving on snow or The possibility of skidding or sliding increases ice is always dangerous and unpredictable. You when traction decreases. should be very careful at all times. If your vehicle begins to skid, it is important to Suggestions when driving in snow or ice are: know what to do to regain control as quickly as possible. Basic rules include: Slow down; nothing makes it safe for you to drive on ice or snow-covered roads at Release the accelerator (gas pedal) or brake normal speeds. pedal, whichever one you are using, to regain control of your vehicle. Keep your windows and lights clear. Remove all ice and snow from your vehicle before Steer in the direction you are skidding. driving. Look where you want your vehicle to go. Start very slowly, then test your brakes gently Press on your brake pedal only after you to find out how well you can stop. have traction again – when your tires are Start slowing down long before you come to gripping the road again. an intersection or turn. Slowly accelerating (pressing on the gas) Keep your gas tank and windshield washer may help if your back wheels lose traction. fluid full. F. Hydroplaning Use chains, snow tires, or radial tires on designated snow emergency routes when a Water on the road can cause problems for snow emergency is declared. drivers. As your vehicle speed increases and the amount of water on the road increases, you can 29  end up riding on a sheet of water. When this H. Work Zone Safety happens, your tires lose contact with the road. You will come across work zones on all kinds This is called “hydroplaning.” Hydroplaning can of roads where construction, maintenance, or cause you to lose some or all control of your utility work is happening. Work zones can mean vehicle. To prevent hydroplaning, keep your tires unexpected conditions, like: in good condition, and lower your speed on wet roads. If you start to lose control: New traffic patterns Take your foot off the gas. Temporary traffic control devices (signs, signals, or pavement markings) Do not apply your brakes. Narrow lanes Keep your vehicle going straight. Lane shifts Slow down until you get control back. Lane and shoulder closures G. Highway-Railroad Crossings Pavement drop-offs/uneven surfaces Remember, trains cannot stop quickly. So, use Reduced sight distance extra caution when driving over railroad crossings. Detours When you come to railroad tracks: Slow moving equipment Look for other vehicles that may Orange is the color for work zones. If you see be stopping before the railroad orange signs when driving, pay close attention crossing. Buses, school buses, and be prepared for unexpected driving and trucks carrying hazardous conditions ahead. materials must stop before every railroad crossing. When driving through a work zone, watch for temporary traffic control devices. These devices Look for a train at any time. Trains can come show the safe path through a work zone. from either direction and they may be closer and traveling faster than they appear. Work zones are set up with your safety in mind. Follow these safety rules while driving in work The road is closed if gates are down or zones: warning lights are flashing. Stop and wait until the gates go up and the warning lights Stay alert – make safety your first priority. stop flashing. Watch your speed – obey posted speed After a train passes, look both ways before limits and be aware that there may be speed starting over the tracks. Always make sure the cameras. Speeding fines may be much tracks are clear before crossing. Another train higher in work zones. may be coming on another track. Expect the unexpected – work zone Never start to cross the tracks unless you can conditions change constantly so be ready get completely over before the train comes. to react. Make sure there is room for your vehicle on the other side of the tracks before crossing. 30  Minimize distractions – avoid using cell J. Interstate Driving and Limited phones, changing radio stations, and other Access Highways distractions. “Limited access highways” are large roads with Flashing blue lights in a work zone means no intersections or traffic lights. They have a limited there are workers present. Pay close attention number of places to enter and exit the road. An – obey work zone signs, slow down and “interstate” is a type of limited access highway that watch for workers. crosses from one state to another. Respect others – merge carefully, do not For Vehicles Entering tailgate, and don’t change lanes unless you have to. Interstate and other limited access highways are usually reached by an entrance ramp and Obey the flagger’s directions. an acceleration lane. You use the entrance ramp to get I. Traffic Circles (Roundabouts) to the highway. You use the Roads that lead to traffic circles have yield signs. acceleration lane to adjust When you come to a traffic circle, you must your speed to the flow of traffic always yield to traffic already in the circle. Be already on the interstate. When cautious when approaching a traffic circle just entering an interstate or other like with other intersections. As you come to a limited access highway, you traffic circle: should not cross the solid lines Reduce your speed. that divide the entrance and the highway. If you are driving slower than the speed Keep to the right of the island. of traffic on the highway, you must drive in the right Watch for and yield lane whenever possible. to pedestrians in the crosswalk. For Vehicles Exiting Cautiously approach Move to the right lane well the yield line and wait before you reach the exit you for a gap in traffic. plan to take. Start slowing Watch for vehicles down as soon as you enter exiting the traffic circle. the deceleration lane. The You do not need to wait deceleration lane leads you to to enter the traffic circle if there is no traffic in it. the exit ramp and gives you time to start slowing down to a safe If the traffic circle has more than one lane, stay in speed. Continue slowing to the your lane. When preparing to exit, turn on your posted speed limit for the exit right turn signal and move to the outside lane after ramp. If you exit at the wrong place, continue you pass the exit before the one you plan to take. until you are off the exit ramp. Then look for a way to re-enter the road. Never stop and back up on any part of the highway. 31  Stopping L. Slow Moving Vehicles You are not allowed to stop in the lanes where You may come across slow moving vehicles on traffic is moving on an interstate or other the road. This includes bicycles, horse-drawn highway. You may stop on the shoulder, but only vehicles, and farm vehicles. Some of them may when your vehicle is disabled (stops running) or have the slow-moving sign you have another emergency. If you must stop on (shown) on the back of their the shoulder, turn on your emergency flashers to vehicle to warn you they are only warn other drivers and stay inside your vehicle going 25 miles per hour or less. if you can. It is very dangerous to stand or walk Here are some tips for driving along an interstate or other highway because near slow-moving vehicles: traffic is traveling at very high speeds. Be constantly aware of any vehicles that K. Funeral Processions might be traveling at a much slower speed. When you drive in a funeral procession you must Change your vehicle’s speed and position if turn on your headlights and flashing hazard lights necessary. so other vehicles give you the right-of-way. Only pass the slow-moving vehicle when it is You may go through a red traffic signal if you safe to do so. are part of a funeral possession and have your If you must follow the slower moving vehicle lights on. waiting for a safe time to pass, use your Even if they have a green signal, other vehicles emergency flashers to help warn others coming must yield the right-of-way to vehicles in a funeral up behind you. procession. They must yield until all vehicles in the procession have passed, unless they can safely proceed without crossing the procession’s path. 32  Dangerous Driving SECTION 6: Behaviors A. Alcohol, Drugs and Driving Open Alcohol Container Driving drunk or on drugs is a very serious threat It is against the law to drive with an open to everyone’s safety. Alcohol and drugs impair container of alcohol in the passenger area of your ability to drive. This means they make it very the vehicle. An open container is any open can, difficult or impossible for you to drive safely. bottle, other type of container, or package. A six-pack of alcohol with open, empty, or missing Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is a bottles/cans can be considered an open measurement of the amount of alcohol in your container. blood. Maryland considers drivers to be driving under the influence of alcohol when their blood The passenger area of a vehicle includes: alcohol concentration is.08 or higher. The driver and passenger seats. Even though Maryland’s limit for drunk driving Any place the driver or passengers can is.08, any amount of alcohol can affect your easily reach from where they are sitting. ability to safely drive a vehicle. Your judgment and physical coordination may be impaired at Controlled Dangerous Substances a much lower BAC and could result in criminal (CDS) – Illegal and Prescription Drugs charges. For example, your vision, ability to Illegal drugs, some prescription medications, perform simple movements, and reaction time