Balto, a Heroic Dog PDF

# Balto, a Heroic Dog By Martin O'Kane In January 1925, some children in Nome, Alaska, developed a life-threatening disease called diphtheria. There was only one medicine, a serum, that could save them. And it could only be found 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage. The serum was carefully packaged an...

# Balto, a Heroic Dog By Martin O'Kane In January 1925, some children in Nome, Alaska, developed a life-threatening disease called diphtheria. There was only one medicine, a serum, that could save them. And it could only be found 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage. The serum was carefully packaged and sent by train to the last stop on the line. It still needed to travel the remaining 674 miles to Nome. Weather conditions prevented the serum going the rest of the way by ship or air. It was decided that the only option was a relay of dogsled teams. The trip ordinarily took thirteen days. The first musher, or driver, and his team raced with the serum toward Nome. It was the middle of winter, with temperatures as low as 40 degrees below zero. The winds were sometimes strong enough to knock over both the dogs and the sleds. Nevertheless, the teams kept going, each one handing the precious package off to the next team. On February 1, the package was handed off to musher Gunnar Kassen for the last leg of the journey. His team, led by a Siberian husky named Balto, set off to cover the final miles to Nome. A blinding blizzard blew up and made it impossible for Kassen to navigate. He feared he'd never reach Nome. However, Balto knew the trail. By following his instincts, he bravely led the team onward, despite the hazardous storm. Twenty hours later, they staggered into Nome. The heroic dogs were too exhausted even to bark, but the serum had arrived safely and in only five days. # Build Vocabulary Use the strategies you have learned to find the meanings of these words from "Ready to Race." Then use each word in a sentence. | Word | My Definition | My Sentence | | :-------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | dangled | to hang something loosely, often so it can move easily | The child dangled his feet over the edge of the pool, enjoying the cool water. | | elderly | being old, having reached the age of old age | The elderly woman enjoyed spending time with her grandchildren, sharing stories and laughter. | | misfortune | something unfortunate or unlucky, bad luck, disaster | Despite the misfortune of losing his job, the man persevered and found a new career that he loved. | | smudges | a mark or blur that is not clear, a smear | The fingerprints left smudges on the window, making it difficult to see through clearly. | # Build Grammar and Language ## Focus on Frequently Confused Words Find and read the sentence below in context on page 14. Notice the correct use of the word their, which is frequently confused with the words **there** and **they're.** *"As soon as Charlotte approached, the horses started moving toward their gates and hanging their heads over to be petted."* 1. Find another sentence in a book you're reading that uses a frequently confused word. Write it here. 2. Write your own sentence that makes correct use of a frequently confused word. # Training from Black Beauty By Anna Sewell **Black Beauty** is a story about a horse's life, told by the horse himself. Anna Sewell uses first-person point of view to give readers a fictional firsthand account of a horse's life in England in the late 1800s. In this passage, Black Beauty explains to the reader how he was "broken in". 1. I was now beginning to grow handsome. My coat had grown fine and soft, and was bright black. I had one white foot and a pretty white star on my forehead. I was thought very handsome; my master would not sell me till I was four years old. He said lads ought not to work like men, and colts ought not to work like horses till they were quite grown up. 2. When I was four years old Squire Gordon came to look at me. He examined my eyes, my mouth, and my legs. He felt them all down. And then I had to walk and trot and gallop before him. He seemed to like me, and said, "When he has been well broken in he will do very well." My master said he would break me in himself, as he should not like me to be frightened or hurt. He lost no time about it, for the next day he began. **Anna Sewell** The British author Anna Sewell (1820-1878) became disabled at a young age and had difficulty walking but could drive a horse carriage. She was an advocate for the humane treatment of horses and stated that her writing was meant to "induce kindness, sympathy, and an understanding treatment of horses." She spent the final years of her life writing the children's classic **Black Beauty**, which was published in 1877. ## Every one may not know what breaking in is, therefore I will describe it. It means to teach a horse to wear a saddle and bridle. And to carry on his back a man, woman or child; to go just the way they wish, and to go quietly. Besides this he has to learn to wear a collar, a crupper, and a breeching, and to stand still while they are put on. Then to have a cart or a chaise fixed behind, so that he cannot walk or trot without dragging it after him. And he must go fast or slow, just as his driver wishes. ## He must never start at what he sees, nor speak to other horses, nor bite, nor kick, nor have any will of his own, but always do his master's will, even though he may be very tired or hungry. But the worst of all is, when his harness is once on, he may neither jump for joy nor lie down for weariness. So you see this breaking in is a great thing. ## I had of course long been used to a halter and a headstall, and to be led about in the fields and lanes quietly, but now I was to have a bit and bridle. My master gave me some oats as usual, and after a good deal of coaxing he got the bit into my mouth. Then he got the bridle fixed, but it was a nasty thing! Those who have never had a bit in their mouths cannot think how bad it feels. It is a great piece of cold hard steel as thick as a man's finger to be pushed into one's mouth, between one's teeth, and over one's tongue, with the ends coming out at the corner of your mouth. ## And it is held fast there by straps over your head, under your throat, round your nose, and under your chin so that no way in the world can you get rid of the nasty hard thing. It is very bad! Yes, very bad, it is! At least I thought so; but I knew my mother always wore one when she went out. And all horses did when they were grown up so, what with the nice oats, and what with my master's pats, kind words, and gentle ways, I got to wear my bit and bridle. ## Next came the saddle, but that was not half so bad. My master put it on my back very gently, while old Daniel held my head. He then made the girths fast under my body, patting and talking to me all the time. Then I had a few oats, then a little leading about. This he did every day till I began to look for the oats and the saddle. At length, one morning, my master got on my back and rode me round the meadow on the soft grass. It certainly did feel odd, but I must say I felt rather proud to carry my master. And as he continued to ride me a little every day I soon became accustomed to it. ## The next unpleasant business was putting on the iron shoes. That too was very hard at first. My master went with me to the smith's forge to see that I was not hurt or got any fright. The blacksmith took my feet in his hand, one after the other, and cut away some of the hoof. It did not pain me, so I stood still on three legs till he had done them all. Then he took a piece of iron the shape of my foot, and clapped it on. Next, he drove some nails through the shoe quite into my hoof so that the shoe was firmly on. My feet felt very stiff and heavy, but in time I got used to it. ## And now having got so far, my master went on to break me to harness. There were more new things to wear. First, a stiff heavy collar just on my neck, and a bridle with great sidepieces against my eyes called blinkers. And blinkers indeed they were, for I could not see on either side, but only straight in front of me. Next, there was a small saddle with a nasty stiff strap that went right under my tail. That was the crupper. ## I hated the crupper. To have my long tail doubled up and poked through that strap was almost as bad as the bit. I never felt more like kicking, but of course I could not kick such a good master. And so in time I got used to everything, and could do my work as well as my mother. # Build Vocabulary Use the strategies you have learned to find the meanings of these words from "Training.” Then use each word in a sentence. | Word | My Definition | My Sentence | | :--------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | accustomed | to be used to something, to have become familiar | After years of living in the city, she became accustomed to the hustle and bustle of urban life. | | examined | to look at carefully and check for any problems or issues | The doctor carefully examined the patient, listening to their heartbeat and checking their temperature. | | unpleasant | not enjoyable, nice or pleasant, causing discomfort or unhappiness | The unpleasant weather kept people indoors, preventing them from enjoying the beautiful sunshine. | | weariness | the feeling of being tired or lacking energy, exhaustion | After a long day of hiking, she felt a wave of weariness wash over her, making it difficult to keep going. | # Build Grammar and Language ## Focus on Where Find and read the sentence below in context on page 23. Notice the prepositional phrase that tells where Black Beauty and the master went. _"My master went **with me to the smith’s forge** to see that I was not hurt or got any fright."_ 1. Find another sentence in a book you're reading that has a prepositional phrase telling where an action occurred. Write it below. 2. Write your own sentence with a prepositional phrase that tells where an action occurred.