Endocrine System Quiz PDF

# ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ## Learning Objectives - Explain the types of information that are necessary to understand endocrine function. - Describe the 10 regulatory functions of the endocrine system. - Describe the location and structure of the pituitary gland. - Describe how the hypothalamus regulates...

# ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ## Learning Objectives - Explain the types of information that are necessary to understand endocrine function. - Describe the 10 regulatory functions of the endocrine system. - Describe the location and structure of the pituitary gland. - Describe how the hypothalamus regulates hormone secretion from the pituitary gland. - List the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland and state their structural type, target tissues, and actions. ## Hormones - Derived from the Greek word *hormon* meaning "set into motion." - Serve as chemical messengers, secreted into the blood, traveling to target tissues to bind specific receptors. - Coordinate responses in target cells. - **Control of Hormone Secretion:** - Regulated by three stimuli: - **Humoral stimuli:** Body fluid changes (e.g., $Ca^{2+}$, glucose). - **Neural stimuli:** Neural signals triggering secretion (e.g., epinephrine release). - **Hormonal stimuli:** Hormones regulating other hormones (e.g., tropic hormones). - Blood hormone levels are maintained via negative feedback and occasionally positive feedback. ## Patterns of Hormone Secretion - **Chronic:** Stable, constant levels (e.g., thyroid hormones). - **Acute:** Sudden changes (e.g., epinephrine during stress). - **Episodic:** Predictable cycles (e.g., reproductive hormones). ## Classes of Hormones - **Lipid-soluble:** - Nonpolar (e.g., steroid hormones, thyroid hormones). - Pass through the plasma membrane. - **Water-soluble:** - Polar (e.g., peptides, proteins). - Cannot pass through the plasma membrane. - Classification influences their transport and interaction with target cells. ## Functions of the Endocrine System - Regulation of metabolism - Control of food intake and digestion - Modulation of tissue development - Regulation of ion levels - Control of water balance - Changes in heart rate and blood pressure - Control of blood glucose and other nutrients - Control of reproductive functions - Stimulation of uterine contractions and milk release - Modulation of immune system function