Systematic 2 - Biology PDF

 Systematic 2 Three Domain system: ( Carl Woese ) (traditional bacteria): These are prokaryotic cells 1-Eubacteria without a nucleus and with a single chromosome. ‫البكتيريا العادية...

 Systematic 2 Three Domain system: ( Carl Woese ) (traditional bacteria): These are prokaryotic cells 1-Eubacteria without a nucleus and with a single chromosome. ‫البكتيريا العادية اللي هندرسها ف المنهج‬ Archaea are prokaryotes able to live in extreme environments. 2-Archaebacteria ‫البكتريا اللي بتعيش فى ظروف صعبة زي الجليد و درجات الحرارة‬ ‫المرتفعة‬ Higher organisms whose DNA is carried on several 3-Eukaryotes chromosomes which are found inside the nucleus. ‫الكائنات األرقى و اللي عندها نواة حقيقية زي األنسان‬ Five kingdom system: ( Whittaker ) five kingdoms Prokaryotae ( Monera ) Eukaryotae Multi cellular less organized Organized = Specialized Eukaryotae Protista ‫زي خاليا الكبد أو العضم اللي عندنا‬ ‫بتكون كل واحدة منهم متخصصة‬ ‫لوظيفة‬ Animalia – plantae - Fungi ~1~  No cell wall No cell wall Animalia Animalia plantae - Fungi with cell wall plantae - Fungi Heterotrophic plantae - Fungi Fungi Phototrohic Plantae Prokaryotae Fungi Protista Plantae Animalia chromosomes 1 More than 1 Nuclear Absent Present membrane Cell wall Present Present Present present Absent Absorbitive or Ingestive or photosynth Nutrition photosyntheitic Absorbitive photosyntheitic eitic Ingestive Mobile or Mobile or Mobility non non Mobile non non Tissue Lack or not well organized well orgnized organization ‫الجدول دا مهم جدا جدا‬ ~2~  Sub-cellular life forms Viruses: They are small infectious particles that replicates only inside the host cells. Outside host cell = Virion ( particle ) Structure : ‫ حاجات‬3 ‫بيتركب من‬ 1-Viral Genome DNA RNA 2-Capsid and Envelope: Protein shell that enclose viral genome is called Capsid Capsids are built from protein sub-units called Capsomeres 3-Envelope of lipids surrounds the protein coat Some viruses are enveloped and some are naked Naked Enveloped ~3~ Classification of Viruses: According to shape 1. Polyhedral 2. Helical 3. Complex Polyhedral Helical Complex Icosahedral (Bacteriophage) 20 face Reproduction in Viruses Phages reproductive cycles: Double Stranded DNA virus can reproduce by two alternative mechanisms ‫بيعمل عملية التكاثر بطريقتين مختلفين هتفهمهم من الرسم‬ 1-Lytic Cycle: 2-Lysogenic Cycle -Leads to destruction of host cells -Cause no destruction to cells -Viruses that depend of lytic cycle -Viruses that are capable of the two are called Virulent viruses. different methods of reproduction are called Temperate Viruses. ~4~  Mini quiz 1- Each family includes ……………….. 2-…………………………….. are prokaryotes able to live in extreme environments. 3-…………………….. General term to describe any unit of classification. 4- Virus outside the cell is called ……………….. 5-………….cycle Leads to destruction of host cells genera archaebacteria taxon virion Lytic cycle ~5~