Pathological Science: Pharmacy Department Lecture (PDF)

Pathological science: Pharmacy department; first lecture: Definition. is the study of disease. It is the bridge between science and medicine. What is mean; 1- Disease and illness. 2- Technologies to treat the lesion (disease). more prop...

Pathological science: Pharmacy department; first lecture: Definition. is the study of disease. It is the bridge between science and medicine. What is mean; 1- Disease and illness. 2- Technologies to treat the lesion (disease). more proper choice of word, "pathophysiology“ the prefix, pathy, use to indicate a state of disease. while physiology, mean related to function change i.e., “systemic functional changes”. Subdivisions Anatomical pathology, clinical pathology, dermatopathology, forensic pathology, hematopathology, histopathology, molecular pathology, surgical pathology Anatomical pathology: is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross, microscopic, chemical, immunologic and molecular examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies. the diagnosis of disease through the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids and tissues. Goal of the anatomical pathology: The correct diagnosis by biopsies, surgical pieces, cytology and autopsies. For the study of organs and tissues to determine the causes and effects of particular diseases. Cytopathology: is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. used to aid in the diagnosis of cancer, infectious diseases and other inflammatory conditions. Histopathology: Mean; microscopic examination of various forms of human tissue. examination of tissues starts with surgery, biopsy, or autopsy. The tissue is removed from the body of an organism and then placed in a fixative that stabilizes the tissues to prevent decay, then examination under microscope. Disease: All infectious and organic diseases and physiological disorders. Definition of disease: any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, examples; infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors. What is infection: is the invasion of tissues by pathogens,  “ agents, bacteria, virus& fungus” their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. Infectious diseases can be viral, bacterial, parasitic or fungal. What is inflammation: is a protective response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged. Tests: All medical diagnostic tests, particular biopsy, blood analysis, dissection, and other applications of medical microscopy. Biopsy: bio mean living and psy mean study. i.e., study living piece from tissue. Necropsy:” refers to “dead” and “psy” to study, so necropsy is the “study of the dead.” (an animal). An autopsy is technically a necropsy, but because a “human is performing it on a human it is an autopsy. In summary: Specialist: pathologist. specialized training to diagnose medical conditions using laboratory tests and techniques. A pathologist is a medical doctor. Glossary: glossary of medicine. glossary of medical terms is a list of definitions about medicine, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. The glossary astutely helps readers in different countries to understand terms used locally, particularly regarding policy issues. Cells death: Eliminates potentially harmful cells. There are three major types. 1-apoptosis (type I cell death). physiological process, regulated programming process of autonomous the eliminate unwanted cells, avoids eliciting inflammation.  2-autophagic cell death (type II). process of reusing old and damaged cell parts. cell that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components through a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism. 3-necrosis (type III). pathological process, is caused by external agents like toxins, trauma, and infections is an unregulated, random process. Elicited inflammation. Types of necrosis in Pathophysiology:  Liquefactive Necrosis  coagulative Necrosis  Caseous Necrosis.  Fat Necrosis.  Fibrinoid Necrosis.  Gangrenous Necrosis.