Midterm Art Appreciation PDF

Midterm Art Appreciation By Leonardo Da Vinci Subject & Content The primary stage of engaging with art is its perception. Looking at art is much like a...

Midterm Art Appreciation By Leonardo Da Vinci Subject & Content The primary stage of engaging with art is its perception. Looking at art is much like any instance of taking in information or stimulus that originates from the world around us. Ex. The Scream For most of the art forms, the beginning of engagement is through looking at the artworks. This painting represents the existential angst and The awareness in the process of looking where despair of modern life. subjectivity is essential in navigating through the By Edvard Munch artwork. Subjectivity is illustrated in the way that selective perception renders one or two details more prominent than others, prompting the viewer to focus on some details as essential or as standouts. THE SUBJECT Subject refers to the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the artwork. It is the topic or focal point that an art piece is built around. NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART THE CONTENT Also known as “non-objective” or “non-figurative art” Content is the meaning that is communicated by the a type of art that does not represent or depict a being, artist or the artwork. place, or thing It is stripped down to visual elements such as shapes, THE FORM lines, and colors that are employed to translate a particular feeling, emotion, and even concept. Form refers to how the elements and the medium or VASILY KANDINSKY - a proponent of non- material are put together. representational art. He asserted that with sounds, musicians are also able to evoke imagery in their listeners or audiences. In simpler terms, the subject is seen as the It is therefore not surprising that a lot of his paintings “what”; the content is the “why”; and the form are inspired by music and are titled as impression, is the “how. improvisation, and composition. Types of Subjects Ex. Number 1 A by: Jackson Pollock (1948) REPRESENTATIONAL ART It refers to objects or events occurring in the real world. Also known as “figurative art” because the figures depicted are easy to make out and decipher Ex. No. 61 (Rust and Blue) by: Mark Rothko (1953) Ex. Mona Lisa This is perhaps the most famous representational artwork in the world. It's a portrait of a woman with an enigmatic smile, set against a dreamlike landscape.  Midterm Art Appreciation ABSTRACT ART Ex. Die Ebene Von Auvers by: Vincent Van Gogh A style of art that does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of visual reality It uses shapes, colors, forms, and gestural marks to achieve its effect. The word abstract means to separate or withdraw something from something else. The term can be applied to art that is based on an object, figure, or landscape, where forms have been simplified or schematized. One artist who was attuned with nature was Vincent Pablo Picasso’s abstract work Van Gogh who saw art and nature as inseparable and He is known for his paintings but also dabbed into found solace and happiness in painting in it. sculptures Other artists with a considerable number of landscapes Even with the abstraction of the image, this work is and seascapes were Claude Monet, Camille arguably representational Pissarro, Paul Cezanne and JMW Turner. In the Philippines, National Artists for Painting Head of a woman, Mougens Fernando Amorsolo and Fabian de la Rosa gained prominence from their painted rural scenes such as women in the fields gathering harvest. GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGY Greek and Roman deities or the gods and goddesses whose fates are seemingly as tragic as those of men. Their belief in terms of higher controlling power is called POLYTHEISM which means they have NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART VS. multitude of gods and goddesses. ABSTRACT ART Examples were wall paintings or frescos and sculptural works such as busts, statuaries, and Non-representational art takes it a step further—it’s ceramics and pottery. like the purest form of visual expression you can imagine. JUDEO-CHRISTIAN TRADITION AS Instead, they start with a blank canvas, using colors, ANOTHER INSPIRATION\ lines, and textures to convey emotions, concepts, or Stems from a belief in a lone creator of the universe pure aesthetic experiences. or what is called as MONOTHEISM and had an Abstract art is like a visual puzzle; it hints at reality immense influence from Western civilization. but leaves much to the imagination. Commissioned by Pope Julius II, the intricate fresco In this genre, artists take recognizable objects, ideas, that lines the Sistine Chapel was created by or scenes and distill them into shapes, colors, and Michelangelo is an example of this artwork forms that might not immediately make sense Sources and Kinds of Subjects NATURE AS THE SOURCE OF INSPIRATION One of the possible sources of inspiration is the nature. Artists have explored diverse ways of representing nature from plants to animals; the qualities of bodies of water and the terrain of landmasses; and even the perceivable cycles and changing of seasons.  Midterm Art Appreciation The Content in Art WHAT IS CONTENT IN ART? 1. Content in a work or art refers to what is being depicted and might be helpful in deriving a basic meaning. It is also a statement, expression, or mood developed by the artist and interpreted by the observer. 2. A basic equation could be used in order to better understand what makes content in art: (Composition + Focus) + (Elements + Principles) = Content The subject matter of this artwork suggest that this is 3 VARIOUS LEVELS OF MEANINGS: an example of Biblical art since it involves Adam as figured with an aged God arm stretched and their 1. Factual Meaning respective fingers appearing to be fixed at an The most common meaning impending contact It pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning This work is asserted by CONVENTIONAL for it may be extracted from the identifiable or MEANINGS since specific poses of God and Adam recognizable forms in the artwork and understanding allude to the correspondence of the body and the how these elements relate to one another. COMMONLY held belief that man was created in the image and likeness of God. 2. Conventional Meaning Pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the Michelangelo's "Creation of Adam' can be read using artwork using motifs, signs, and symbols. Established various levels of meaning previously discussed. From through time, strengthened by recurrent use and wide a factual perspective, Michelangelo depicted a scene acceptance by its audience who study them. from the Creation story, in particular, the creation of man. Apart from being a key element of Michelangelo's fresco at the ceiling of the Sistine 3. Subjective Meaning Chapel, the subject matter suggests that this is an A variety of meanings may arise at this level when a example of Biblical art. particular work of art that is consulted and read. Its meanings came from the viewers or audience's circumstances and experiences. Meanings may not be singular, rather, there are multiple and varied. MICHELANGELO Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspired by models from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art. The Creation of Adam was painted by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City Between 1508-1512. 'The Creation of Adam" represents the moment in which humanity was created through the hands of God.  Midterm Art Appreciation knowledge in managing and conserving all of these objects and structures Consider the Gothic Cathedrals and other Artists & Artisans (Part 1) megastructures that were built all over Europe during the Middle Ages. Craftsmen and builders in the past fulfilled overlapping roles such as the draftsman, INTRODUCTION architects and engineers, and even the builder. Arts is one of the most significant ways in which we COLOGNE CATHEDRAL try to grapple with how the present unfolds. In Peter Drucker's seminal book "Post Capitalist The account was that master mason Gerhard Ryle Society", he stated that "the real controlling resource started the project in 1248 but was only completed and the decisive factor of production is neither capital, roughly 600 years later, claiming the record as one of not land not labor. It is knowledge. Instead of capitalist the longest construction projects to date. and proletarians, the classes of the post-capitalist society are the knowledge workers and the service workers." JERRY SALTZ asserted that “these first artists invented a way to get the three-dimensional world into two dimensions and attach value to their own ideas. And all of the history of art flows forth from this invention. GUILDS He refers to the first cave painters who painted images of animals, hunting scenes, and various symbolic Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an association figures created during the Stone Age. structured with rules, customs, rights and One type of knowledge that fuels the 21st Century is responsibilities. With a lifetime commitment to a creativity. particular trade, an artisan develops immense skill and expertise in his craft. ARTISTS These guilds were prevalent during the Middle Ages created objects that are present in all of the affairs of particularly during the 13th to 15th century, where towns had formalized groups of artisans or craftsmen man such as ornamentation in tools and other surfaces, weaving patterns in textiles, visual features, who took on a particular specialization or trade. and the design/plan for architectural structures and Shoemakers, textile and glass workers, carpenters, ritual and burial implements. carvers, masons, armorers, and Weapon-makers, They even created places and spaces where among others. communities may gather. A master artisan or craftsman would then be open to Examples are numerous monuments and memorials hiring apprentices who would be under his tutelage such as the infamous Vietnam Veterans Memorial and instruction. in Washington DC. ALBRECHT DURER Cave paintings have an aura of mystery like the Pyramid of Giza or have alluded comprehension like Born in 1471, his father was a goldsmith and he was the Stonehenge. also an apprentice but later on shifted to Visual arts. His life was ripe with travels since it was customary to THE ARTISAN AND THE GUILDS travel after completing an apprenticeship to gather more experience and knowledge. Magnificent structures are appreciated not only for their historical significance but more so for their He also published quite a number of books and treatises including those that talked about practical aesthetic characteristics that render them uniqueness. What made the difference was the materials, medium skills which would be useful to other artisans and and the principles behind the process of their creation craftsmen who dared to read it. Another factor that contributes to the preservation of the design and overall aesthetic or beauty of an artwork is the emergence of the technology and  Midterm Art Appreciation ARTISANS DURING SPANISH COLONIAL Portrait paintings became a fad. Two other important PERIOD genres for painting at that time were the tipos del pais and letra y figuras. Although the timeline is a bit skewed, the culture of Tipos del pais was watercolor paintings that artisans became prevalent in the Philippines as well, showcased the different local inhabitants of the particularly during the Spanish colonial period. country in different garbs, and clues to their Formerly done with the spirit of the communal and the occupation and status while letra y figuras combined every day, patronship changed the way art was the principle of tipos del pais and incorporated it as a perceived. means to illustrate the letters of one's name or This was both the case for religious and secular art, surname. wherein the existence of artisans proved to be of immense use. It was through mimesis or copying that DAMIAN DOMINGO OF THE ACADEMIA artisan first learned to depict religious images and DE DIBUJO scenes. Friars, being non-artists themselves, provided the references that artists could use. One key example that illustrated the systematization of art instruction- a combination of sorts of the guild THE CHURCH OF THE MOST HOLY and the art school- was the establishment of Damian TRINITY IN LOAY BOHOL REFERRED TO Domingo of the Academia de Dibujo This is known as the best tipos del pais painter, this AS SANTISIMA TRINIDAD PARISH school specialized in teaching the miniaturismo style of painting along with the tenets of classical European painting. Miniaturismo style is an art showing a person in a serious motive and outlook while holding an object that tell about his/her power and status of living Artist and His Studio (Part 2) DETAIL OF THE CEILING OF THE DEVELOPMENT DURING THE MIDDLE AGES UP TO CHURCH OF THE MOST HOLY TRINITY THE RENAISSANCE ERA (LOAY BOHOL) Transformation of craftsmen to individual artist Project Kisame is a collective endeavor amongst Widespread patronization of secular art enthusiasts and advocates who aimed to promote this Assertion of cognition, of will, and individuality art form through documentation, engagement, and Claim of authorship of artworks by artist (by signing) appreciation of surviving ceiling paintings in more Result: Wide variety of artworks (in forms, style, and than 60 churches in the Philippines. techniques) Technology and heritage conservation occupied a substantial part of this project. One example of a STUDIO/ATELIER Spanish Architecture that has been documented is the Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay, Bohol. dated since Renaissance period Built in 1822, the ceiling paintings were rendered segments of work station: trompe l'oeil style depicting biblical scenes. o Studiolo - decorated room or study room In 2003, it became a National Historical Landmark. where the artworks are displayed, room for This church was one of those heavily damaged contemplation during the devastating earthquake that rattled Bohol o Bottega - where the work is created in 2013. The Bell tower was the only section of the Apprentices - studies under their masters, assist in structured which remained. menial task or preparing painting surfaces. From the church, the next patrons of the arts were the new elite, the illustrados or the middle class, along DEVELOPMENT DURING THE INDUSTRIAL with foreign guests who wanted souvenirs to take REVOLUTION along with them In France, on the other hand, academies and art salons became popular as they did not only support  Midterm Art Appreciation the production of art but also the discourse around Researching the history and contents of the them. collection. Creating displays and talks that highlight the OTHER PLAYERS IN THE WORLD OF ART relevance of the collection. Assumption: Artist works in solitary; and the only Communicating with groups both inside and outside time the external world is allowed in would be when the organization to promote the museum. the work is displayed and when in circulation. THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF CURATORS: HOWARD BECKER’S ART WORLD INSTITUTIONAL CURATORS: Typically Sociological study on the production and affiliated with museums and galleries. consumption of art INDEPENDENT OR FREELANCE Artwork involves joint activity of a number of people CURATORS: Art World - sophisticated network of relationships Have the leeway to move around various projects, and exchanges of legitimized roles. platforms, and art spaces in a multiplicity of terms. where art is distributed in a global network of BUYERS & COLLECTORS individuals, groups, and institutions. they are often constructed as one and the same. ART AS A PROFESSION But separately taken, buyers are those who initially implies that the artwork does not only rely on ideas, assess and survey the artwork that collectors are sentiment, and aesthetic values, but also skills that interested in. are professionalized, stratified, and monetized It is their role to oversee the sale of the artwork on behalf of the collector who may either be too busy or ART FAIRS – ART BASEL – HONGKONG (2015) who would rather keep his identity hidden. Formerly ascribed with the term “patron,” buyers and collectors are those who acquire and purchase artworks for variety of reasons: For the appreciation and enjoyment of art. MANILA ILLUSTRATION FAIR 2024 For the scholarship and education opportunity it may provide. (Donors of study collections) For safeguard and preservation of their posterity. For investment. For communicating a way of life/lifestyle. These days, collectors are becoming more involved well ADMINISTRATIVE/MANAGERIAL ROLES beyond their wallet. They found another voice as an arbiter of taste. A collector who has established himself as someone who In Institutional and Non-Institutional Scenarios) not only appreciates art but knows art, understands its behavior Board of trustees and patterns, becoming a key player in making or breaking an Directors and assistant directors artist’s career or shaping the course of a museum’s collection (through pledges of support and donations). Curation manager other operational posts ART DEALERS CURATOR (OVERSEER/MANAGER) Art dealers are those whose direct hand is in the distribution and circulation of the artworks through a A keeper or custodian of a museum or other variety of means, such as direct sale, through collection. galleries, and more recent player in the Philippines, Role: auction houses. Choosing, obtaining, recording, and safeguarding Knowledge and insights art dealers are expected to have: artifacts for museums or other establishments. Specialization in art form, style, medium, or period  Midterm Art Appreciation Market trends Example: Sketching designs, researching new Interrelationships of other key players in the art materials/tools, and gathering inspirations from art world who will benefit from the circulation and exhibits. distribution of the artwork (or artist) he promotes. Production Part of the process where the actual creation of the artwork takes place. Phase where the artist's ideas and vision come to life. This stage involves the use of different mediums and techniques and can take various forms, such as painting, sculpture, tapestry, photograph, film, dance, and music. Example: Applying paint to canvas, sculpting clay into a desired form, and capturing images using a camera. MUSEUMS & GALLERIES Postproduction Museums and galleries are key institutions in the art It may involve final touches or adjustments to finalize world. the piece. Museums display, distribute, and circulate artworks, This is also where decisions are drawn as to how an but behave differently compared to galleries. Ethics artwork will be circulated, not only in the art industry distinguishes museums from galleries, advising but also in public view. against market involvement. The creation of the object requires to be seen, heard, Museums' primary role is to educate the public and touched, and/or experienced in a variety of ways. appreciate artworks. Museums can include artworks Example: Sanding rough edges, applying protective in exhibitions or through programming like lectures, coating, and preparing for exhibition or sale. workshops, and screenings. MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE MEDIUM Production Process (Part 3) Refers to the materials that artists use to create their artwork. It essentially what the artwork is made of. Production Process It is the mode of expression through which the artist conveys their ideas and messages. Refers to series of steps or stages that artists go It encompasses a wide range of materials, such as through to create their artwork. paint, clay, stone, metal, wood, paper, digital media, This includes everything from the initial conception of and various found objects. an idea to the final execution of the piece. The choice of medium significantly impacts the visual It does not necessarily follow a linear progression. appearance, texture, and overall aesthetic of the Art has an anarchic dimension, generating different art artwork. styles, periods, and movements. It has three main guiding principle: (1) preproduction, (2) production, (3) postproduction. Preproduction Involves planning and preparation for the artwork. Artists begins with an idea that he wants to express or communicate with their audience. In this stage, artist and artisans explore exposure, research, gathering ideas and inspiration before making an actual artwork.  Midterm Art Appreciation Technique White Cube Refers to a specific methods, approaches, or processes Refers to a type of gallery or exhibition space that artists use to manipulate their chosen medium and characterized by its minimalist design, typically create a unique piece. featuring white walls, ceilings, and floors. It involves the application of skills, tools, and The term "white cube" was popularized by art critic knowledge to achieve desired effects or results within Brian O'Doherty in his 1976 essay "Inside the a given medium. White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space". Techniques can vary greatly among different artists The white cube often renders everything peaceful and and can be influenced by factors such as training, calm. personal style, cultural background, and artistic goals. Exhibition It may be long term or permanent hangs, or may be temporary or periodically changing. Artist may also have solo exhibition or may be included in a two-person showing or even a group exhibition. Some instances, the artwork is a stand- alone or a specific work that renders its display under a slightly structure or format. Other Opportunities for Art Engagement transpire in the… ENGAGEMENT WITH ART Classroom (instruction) Refers to the dynamic interaction between individuals Studio visits and artworks. Lectures The prime settings for this interaction are the art Workshops exhibitions and museums which provides space to Events that augment the exhibitions (programs) experience numerous artworks in one visit. Auction Sales Engagement is vital for artists as it facilitates the Art fairs conveyance of their message and fosters Biennials understanding and appreciation from viewers, creating Trennials a distinct connection between the artist and audience. Publications are also good way to introduce the artwork and opens it up for appreciation, critique, and analysis. AWARDS AND CITATIONS One of the most common measures in which artists and other creative producers are given incentives and honor for their work is through state initiated and given awards and citations. The two major awards given to artists in the Philippines are the Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order of National Artists) and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasures Awards) Order Of National Artists It is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine Arts namely, music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film, broadcast arts and architecture and allied arts.  Midterm Art Appreciation It is jointly administered by the National Commission Masino Intaray for Culture and the Arts (and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (and conferred by the President of the First batch of recipients of GAMABA. Philippines upon recommendation by both A master of various traditional musical instruments of institutions) the Palawan people. He was a Filipino poet, bard artist, and musician who Fernando Amorsolo is a Palawan native known for his performance of the local traditions of basal, kulilal and bagit. the first recipient of this award He is a painter who was touted as the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art" Samaon Sulaiman and was the sole awardee in the year 1972 a National Artist for Visual Arts. A master of the kutyapi and other instruments. First recipient of the National Artist Award He achieved the highest level of excellence in the art kutyapi playing. Honors and Privileges His extensive repertoire of dinaladay, linapu, minuna, binalig, and other forms and styles interpreted with 1. The rank and title. - proclaimed by the President of the refinement and sensitivity fully demonstrate and Philippines. creative and expressive possibilities of his instrument. 2. Medallion or insignia and citation that will be read during the conferment. Gawad Sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) 3. Cash awards and a host of benefits. - monthly life pension, medical, and hospitalization benefits, life The recipients' practice may fall under the following insurance coverage. categories folk, architecture, maritime transport, 4. A state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng Mga weaving, carving, performing arts, literature, graphic Bayani (Heroes' Cemetery) and plastic arts, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery 5. a place of honor and designated area during National and other artistic expressions of traditional culture. state functions along with recognition or Incentives Accorded to the Awardee acknowledgement at cultural events 1. A specially designed gold medallion. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) 2. An initial grant of P10,000 monthly stipend for life It was created in 1992 under the RA No 7355 Also (this was late increased to P14,000) under the jurisdiction of the National Commission for 3. Benefits such as a maximum cumulative amount of Culture and the Arts (NCCA) P750,000 medical and hospitalization benefits. Tasked with the administration and implementation of 4. Funeral assistance or tribute fit for a National Living the Award is the National Commission for Culture and Treasure. the Arts (NCCA), the highest policymaking and coordinating body for culture and the arts of the States. The NCCA spearheads the search for outstanding traditional artists in the country, facilitates the passing on of their skills, and works to cultivate a deep appreciation and pride among Filipinos for their exceptional talents. Ginaw Bilog First batch of recipients of GAMABA. A master of the Ambahan poetry. Most treasured of his collection are those inherited from his father and grandfather, sources of inspiration and guidance for his creative endeavors. Ginaw shares old and new ambahans with his fellow Mangyans and promotes this poetic form in every occasion.