Module 5 Art as Expression

Module 5 Art as Expression Overview In this module, we will focus on helping you determine arts as a form of expression, their various forms and types of arts, their meanings and characteristics. I. Objectives 1. Recognize art as a form of expressio...

Module 5 Art as Expression Overview In this module, we will focus on helping you determine arts as a form of expression, their various forms and types of arts, their meanings and characteristics. I. Objectives 1. Recognize art as a form of expression; 2. Identify and characterize the various forms and types of arts; 3. Analyze the meanings and characteristics of the forms of arts and, 4. Create an artwork from any of the forms and/or types of art. II. Discussion Art as Expression Collingwood as cited by Caslib Jr., et.al. (2018) mentioned that what ART does to an emotion is not to induce it but to express it.  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) Expression is needed for an emotion to be known. It is through expression that man is able to explore his emotions while being able to create something of beauty and quality. It is said that expressing emotions is not the same with describing emotions. When an individual says, “I am sad,” he is not expressing his emotions but describing them. As mentioned by Caslib Jr., et.al. (2018), “description actually destroys the idea of expression, as it clarifies the emotion, making it ordinary and predictable.” Forms of Art [with excerpts from Art Appreciation by Caslib Jr., B., Garing, D. C., & Casaul, J. R. (2018) and Introduction to the Humanities by Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., & Sanchez, R. A. (2012)] There are numerous ways on how we can express ourselves through art. We are all free to express ourselves in the manner that we want to. Artists are not limited to just one type of expression or technique. There is no specific way to express the self. This is what constitutes art – it is a reflection of what’s inside an individual; a reflection of one’s inner reality. Here are the various forms of art: Visual Arts Film Performance Art Poetry Performance Architecture Dance Literary Art Theater Applied Art Page 2 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) Visual Arts Creations that appeal to the sense of sight and are mainly visual in nature. As Collins & Riley (1931) mentioned, artists produce visual arts driven by their desire to reproduce things that they have seen in the way that they perceived them (cited in Caslib Jr., et.al., 2018). Some mediums of visual arts include paintings, drawings, letterings, printing, sculpture, digital imaging and more. Visual Art is the art we perceive using our EYES. Architecture is a part of visual arts. (Sanchez et.al., 2012, p. 3-4) Visual Arts do not only include painting, sculpture and architecture. It also involves the clothes we wear, the household appliances we utilize, the fixtures we see inside our houses, universities, churches and in other infrastructures. The visual arts express the ideals, despairs and distress of the artists at that time their works were created. The ideas of the artists are inherent in their creations. Real pleasure can be obtained from the most mundane objects. Art is all around us. It is in everything we hear, see, feel and smell. The assortment of objects from the functional items to the things produced only for their splendor or aesthetic appeal can be considered as VISUAL ARTS. (Sanchez et.al., 2012, p. 3-4) It is the aesthetic appeal of any creation – a story, poem, dance, sculpture and painting – that constitutes ART. Visual Arts may be classified into groups: 1. Graphic Arts (flat, or two-dimensional surface) 2. Plastic Arts (three-dimensional) Page 3 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) According to Sanchez et.al., (2012): Graphic Arts – this term covers any form of visual artistic representation, especially painting, drawing, photography and the like or in which portrayals of forms and symbols are recorded on a two-dimensional surface. Printers also use the term graphic arts to describe all processes and products of the printing industry. Graphic Arts Definition/Important Points [definitions taken from Introduction to the Humanities by Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., & Sanchez, R. A. (2012).] 1. Painting Process of applying pigment to a surface to secure effects involving forms and colors. The mediums for painting include oils, tempera, watercolor etc. Canvas, wood, paper and plaster are some surfaces that are used to paint paintings. 2. Drawing The art of representing something through lines formed on the surface of representing an object, scene or forms of decorative or symbolic significance through lines, shading, and textures. Pencil, pen, and ink, crayon, brush, and charcoal are the mediums used. 3. Graphic Processes Multi-reproduction methods for the processing of graphical works. All processes include preparing a master image of the drawing or design on some durable material from which Page 4 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) printing is carried out, such as wood, metal, or stone. Processes can be categorized according to the nature of the surface on which the printing takes place: raised (relief); depressed (intaglio); or flat (surface, plane). 4. Commercial Art This involves the design of books, ads, signs, posters and other displays to enable the product, service or concept to be sold or embraced. 5. Mechanical Processes These are produced by commercial printers in order to reproduce words and images in one or more colors easily and in large quantities. 6. Photography This is a chemical-mechanical method by which images are generated by the action of light on sensitized surfaces. Reproductions can be rendered in black or white or in the original in complete colors. The Plastic Arts [definitions taken from Introduction to the Humanities by Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., & Sanchez, R. A. (2012).] The Plastic Arts – this group includes all fields of the visual arts in which materials are organized into three-dimensional forms. Page 5 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) Plastic Arts Definitions/Important Points [some definitions were taken from Introduction to the Humanities by Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., & Sanchez, R. A. (2012).] 1. ARCHITECTURE It is the making of beautiful buildings. Buildings should embody three important elements: plan, construction and design. (as mentioned in Caslib Jr. et. al., 2018) According to Sanchez et.al.(2012): The art of designing and constructing buildings and other types of structures. Varied materials used include stone, concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster. Architecture is often referred to as the “mother of the arts” because it houses, serves as background for, or occurs in relation to other fields of art such as painting, sculpture, interior design, landscape architecture, and city planning. 2. Landscape Architecture Planning outdoor areas, particularly gardens, parks, playgrounds and golf courses, for the purposes of human enjoyment. Plants, trees, shrubs, blossoms, vines, and soil cover are the main materials. Page 6 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) 3. City Planning It refers to the planning and coordination of the physical elements of a large or small city. Structures and areas concerned with all phases of living and working are pleasantly and efficiently systematized and connected. 4. Interior Design The word is used to designate the design and arrangement for ease and elegance of architectural interiors. Backgrounds (walls, floors, ceilings), furnishings and accessories are included. Wallpaper design, furniture, curtains and upholstery textiles are significant areas of interior design. 5. Sculpture This relates to the design and creation of three-dimensional structures that represent natural objects or forms that are imaginary (sometimes abstract). Stone, wood, clay, and metal are common materials, but there are also ivory, jade, rope, string, and other materials used. Statues are referred to as sculptures of figures. 6. Crafts The word applies to the designing and creating of items for use or for enjoyment by hand. This involves areas such as ceramics, jewellery, leatherwork, and weaving. They are known as industrial design when these Page 7 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) areas are mass-produced. 7.Industrial Design This refers to the design of objects for the machine production. The designs for automobiles and household appliances are examples. 8. Dress and Costume Design This involves the creation of clothing of all sorts, such as skirts, jackets, suits, ties, and the like. 9. Theater Design Design of settings for dramatic productions Film According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2018) in Art Appreciation: Film is the art of putting together successions of still images in order to create an illusion of movement. The art of filmmaking is so complex it has to take into account many important elements such as lighting, musical score, visual effects, direction and more. Performance Art It is a live art. According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2012), “the artist’s medium is mainly the human body which he or she uses to perform but also uses other kinds of art such as visual art, props or sound.” It usually consists of four important elements: 1. Time 2. Where the performance took place 3. The performer/performer’s body 4. Relationship between the audience and the performers Page 8 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) Poetry Performance It is an art form where the artist expresses his emotions through the use of words. These words are chosen carefully to exhibit clarity and beauty and to stimulate various emotions such as joy, anger, love, sorrow and the list goes on. These words, combined with movements, tone, volume and intensity of delivery add to the artistic value of the poem. (Caslib Jr. et.al., 2018) Dance It is a series of movements that follows the rhythm of the music accompaniment. Dancing usually has no rules – it is a creative form that allows people to freely express themselves. Dancers are not confined to set steps and rules but are free to create and invent their own movements as long as they deem them graceful and beautiful. (Caslib Jr. et.al., 2018) As mentioned by Sanchez et.al. (2012) in the book Introduction to Humanities, the dance of the ancient times is different from what is now known; the dance of the barrio folks is different from the dances in the city. The Ifugaos dance to celebrate the victory of the warriors after a fight with their enemies. The Bagobos dance to show gratitude the spirits “for success in war or domestic affair.” The Indians dance to give thanks for a harvest; The Mexicans dance to celebrate a religious festival; Teenagers dance at parties; both young and old go to disco bars; and children everywhere dance because it pleasurable to express happiness through bodily movements. Page 9 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) In its expressive aspects, dance is uniquely able to intensify moods and emotions and to deepen and dignify the feelings of us all (Compton’s Encyclopedia, 1974 as cited in the book Introduction to Humanities by Sanchez et.al., 2012). Dance involves the movement of the body and the feet in rhythm. Some important types include: Important Types of Dance Definition/Important Points [some definitions were taken from Introduction to the Humanities by Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., & Sanchez, R. A. (2012),p.14-15] 1. Ethnologic This involves folk dancing affiliated with cultural and national groups. 2. Social or Ballroom Dances Popular types of dancing generally performed by pairs. They include such forms as waltz, foxtrot, rhumba, and tango. 3. Ballet The formalized style of dance that originated in the medieval royal courts. Either solo or concerted dances with mimetic acts accompanied by music may be ballet dances. In general, these are constructed around a theme or plot. 4. Modern These are often referred to as modern or interpretative dances. Rebellion against classical ballet formalism is expressed by these dances: they emphasize personal communication of moods and themes. In the past, there were normal and Page 10 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) untrained gestures. There are various types of movements nowadays, typically based on the latest trend. 5. Musical Comedy There are dances performed in theaters by soloists, groups, choruses, night clubs, motion pictures, and TV. It incorporates ballet, modern, tap, and acrobatics in different ways. Literary Art According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2018) in Art Appreciation: Artists who practice literary arts use words -- not paint or musical instruments to express themselves and communicate emotions to the readers. Simply becoming a writer does not make one a literary artist. Simply constructing a succession of sentences in a meaningful manner is not literary art. Literary Art goes beyond the usual professional, academic, journalistic and other technical forms of writing. It focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a specific format or norm. It may include both fiction and non-fiction such as novels, biographies and poems. As mentioned in the book Introduction to Humanities by Sanchez et.al. (2012), literature is the art of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal. Page 11 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) Literature Definitions/Important Points [some definitions were taken from Introduction to the Humanities by Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., & Sanchez, R. A. (2012), p.12] 1. Drama A tale that was recreated in front of an audience by actors on stage. Some of the most prevalent forms of drama include tragedy, melodrama and comedy. 2. Essay This is nonfiction, expository writing that ranges from casual, personal subjects to objective treatments of significant subjects that are closely reasoned. 3. Prose fiction This includes narratives (stories), as distinguished from true accounts, generated by the author. The term fiction comes from the Latin word that means "to form," "to invent," or "to feign." Traditionally, fiction is split into types of novel, novelette, and short story. A novel or short story defines the characters and incidents that have been invented by the author. 4. Poetry Highly expressive literature that uses unique forms and the choice of words and emotional images. Poetry, like epics, romances, and ballads, is narrative (storytelling). The sonnet, ode, elegy and song Page 12 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) are among the lyric forms. 5. Miscellaneous History, biography, letters, journals, diaries, and other works not formally classed as literature often have definitive literary appeal and status due to the high quality of the writing. Theater According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2018) in Art Appreciation: This art form uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live audience. Theater art performances usually follow a script, though they should not be confused with literary arts. Similar to performance art, since theater is also a live performance, the participation of the viewer is an important element in theater arts. Some genres of theater include drama, musical, tragedy, comedy and improvisation. Applied Arts According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2018) in Art Appreciation: is incorporating elements of style and design to everyday items with the aim of increasing their aesthetical value. Artists in this field bring beauty, charm and comfort into many things that are useful in everyday life (Collins & Riley, 1931). Industrial design, interior design, fashion design and graphic design are considered applied arts. Through exploration and expression of ideas, consideration of the needs and careful choice of materials and techniques, artists are able to combine functionality and style. Page 13 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) Suggested Video Links: 1. “You’re An Artist, Just Express Yourself” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ISW2x0rUUk 2.“Classification of Visual Arts, Types of Visual Arts” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUyOsCWMt68 3.“The Art of Cinema” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KB6qKg2xQ58 4.“A Love Letter to Cinema” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bbfLEiTD2Q 5.“The Case for Performance Art” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmMTKdUAokM 6.“What is Performance Poetry?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLiBKYO83-M 7.“Poetic Performance and Structure” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwgGMXzmYYw 8.“Art in Architecture” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5-URMpDaE0 9.“Dance to Art” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qw8Lmwvax7A 10.“An Introduction to the Discipline of Literature” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xz9rfDm1Wr4 11.”Theatre Art: What is Theatre?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4_nOUVYf8I 12.“Fine VS. Applied Art” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFZGRkrbNCM Page 14 of 15  ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation) III. Assessment 1. Give the forms and/or types of arts and cite three examples of each. 2. Analyze one of your favorite visual arts (e.g. painting, photography, etc.)- their forms or types and elements. 3. Compose a poem or song about your love one, family, friends or environment. References: Caslib Jr., B., Garing, D. C., & Casaul, J. R. (2018). Art Appreciation. Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc. Pooke , G., & Newall, D. (2008). Art History The Basics. New York: Routledge. Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., & Sanchez, R. A. (2012). Introduction to the Humanities. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc. Sayseng, A. H., & Sandagan, L. D. (2016). Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions. Maniila: JFS Publishing Services. Page 15 of 15