Freud's Psychoanalysis PDF

Psychoanalysis FREUD © McGraw-Hill  Outline Overview of Psychoanalytic Theory Biography of Freud Levels of Mental Life Provinces of Mind Dynamics of Personality Defense Mechanisms Cont’d...

Psychoanalysis FREUD © McGraw-Hill  Outline Overview of Psychoanalytic Theory Biography of Freud Levels of Mental Life Provinces of Mind Dynamics of Personality Defense Mechanisms Cont’d © McGraw-Hill  Outline cont’d Stages of Development Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory Related Research Critique of Freud Concept of Humanity © McGraw-Hill Overview of Psychoanalytic Theory What Made This Theory Interesting – Cornerstones: Sex and aggression – Spread by a dedicated group – Brilliant language (Goethe Prize in Literature) © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill  Biography of Freud Born in Freiberg Moravia (now the Czech Republic) in 1856 Spent most of life (80 years) in Vienna Austria Was the eldest son of eight Studied Medicine, specializing in psychiatry; interested in science Studied hysteria with Charcot & Breuer © McGraw-Hill  Biography (cont’d) Studies on Hysteria (1895) Abandoned seduction theory in 1897 and replaced it with Oedipus Complex In 1900 wrote Interpretation of Dreams After 1900 developed international circle of followers (Adler, Jung, and others) Was driven out of Austria by Nazis in 1938 Died in London in 1939 © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill  Level of Mental Life Unconscious – Beyond awareness Includes drives, urges, or instincts Is known only indirectly – Two sources of unconscious processes Repression Phylogenetic Endowment Preconscious – Not in conscious awareness, but can be Conscious – Mental life that is directly available, plays a minor role © McGraw-Hill  Provinces of the Mind The Id- unrealistic, pleasure seeking, illogical Purpose: seek pleasure without regard for what is proper or just. The behavior is animalistic, bec animals do the same things, done without much thought. The Ego- constantly tries to reconcile the blind, irrational claims of the id and the superego –The decision-making part of the mind, uses reason and logic and tries to get the unrealistic id to cooperate in a society that has rules and boundaries. © McGraw-Hill  Provinces of the Mind Like the id, the ego seeks pleasure and avoids pain, but unlike the id, the ego uses the reality principle to find a more realistic strategy to obtain pleasure. It weighs the cost & benefits of an action. The Superego Guided by moralistic and the Idealistic Principle The conscience of a person. © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill  Dynamics of Personality (The driving forces behind people’s action) Drives - constant motivational force. – Libido or Sex Drive- aim is pleasure but not limited to genitals – Thanatos or Aggression/Destructive Drive- inflict injury on others – Sex can take in the forms of narcissism, love, sadism, and masochism © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill  Anxiety – Neurotic Anxiety – Moral Anxiety – Realistic Anxiety © McGraw-Hill Neurotic anxiety- apprehension about unknown danger, bec of previous unconscious experience with parents who are hostile, punitive moral anxiety is similar to guilt and results from the ego's relation with the superego; and realistic anxiety, which is similar to fear, is produced by the ego's relation with the real world. © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill DEFENSE MECHANISMS © McGraw-Hill  What happens to these impulses after they have become unconscious? 1st, Impulses may remain unchanged in the unconscious 2nd, they can force their way into consciousness in an unaltered form 3rd, they are expressed in displaced or disguised forms (e.g. as physical symptoms) © McGraw-Hill  Stages of Development Infantile Period (Birth-5) – Oral Phase – Anal Phase – Phallic Phase Male Oedipus Complex – Castration Complex Female Oedipus Complex (Electra) – Penis Envy Latency Period (5-puberty) Genital Period (puberty-adulthood) Maturity © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill © McGraw-Hill  Related Research Unconscious Mental Processing – Automatic, implicit, nonconscious processing Inhibition and the Ego – Limbic system Defense Mechanisms – Neuropsychological underpinnings of repression Research on Dreams – Activation-synthesis theory © McGraw-Hill  Critique of Freud Did Freud Understand Women, Gender and Sexuality? Was Freud a Scientist? – Theories are difficult to test – Generated considerable research – Difficult to falsify – Very loose organizational framework – Not a good guide to solve practical problems – Internally consistent theory © McGraw-Hill  Freud’s Concept of Humanity Deterministic and Pessimistic Causality over Teleology Unconscious over Conscious Biology over Culture Equal emphasis on Uniqueness and Similarity © McGraw-Hill