Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) PDF

PEDS Performance enhancing drugs  Advantages of Taking Performance Enhancing Drugs for a Performer Increase chance of winning due to artificially improving performance levels. More success means more money and a secure life financially. Greater recognition or fame for the performer. ...

PEDS Performance enhancing drugs  Advantages of Taking Performance Enhancing Drugs for a Performer Increase chance of winning due to artificially improving performance levels. More success means more money and a secure life financially. Greater recognition or fame for the performer.  Disadvantages of Taking Performance Enhancing Drugs for a Performer Taking PED’s can affect a performer's health in a negative way. Taking PED’s is cheating and if caught performers will face lengthy bans. If caught a performers reputation will be ruined which could affect their income e.g. loss of sponsors, sacked / released from team. Did he use EPO? Testosterone? Cortisone? Human growth hormone? Illegal blood transfusions and other blood doping? Armstrong answered “yes” on all counts. - Oprah Winfrey interview - WADA –World Anti-doping agency Examples https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXoRdSTrR-4# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1qf9TlFTl4 Disadvantages of Taking Performance Enhancing Drugs for a Sport Sports lose credibility and gain a ban reputation e.g. cycling. Due to this sports find in more difficult to attract sponsors causing less money being invested in the sport (less income). Participation rates could fall due to people not wanting to be associated with a sport. DRUG NAME DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES EXAMPLE STIMULANTS BETA BLOCKERS NARCOTIC ANALGESICS DIURETICS ANABOLIC STEROIDS PEPTIDE HORMONES BLOOD DOPING Stimulants Make athletes more alert and mask effects of fatigue. Example: Caffeine! Advantages: Increase alertness, reduce reaction time, reduce tiredness. Disadvantages: Highly addictive, cause high blood pressure, strokes and heart and liver problems. They can also increase the risk of injury because the performer is more tolerant to pain and will continue to train / play with a injury. Beta blockers Drugs taken to calm a performer down by reducing the heart rate and effects of adrenaline. Advantages: Reduce heart rate, muscle tremor and blood pressure. This helps a performers precision and accuracy. Disadvantages: Can cause nausea, poor blood circulation leading to heart problems and tiredness. (restricted use) Narcotic analgesics Painkillers that mask pain caused by injury or fatigue, which can make the injury worse. Advantages: Mask pain of an injury so they can continue playing. Disadvantages: Highly addictive, cause low blood pressure, loss of concentration. Diuretics Drugs that remove fluid from the body. Advantages: Helps remove excess water from the body resulting in weight loss. They remove traces of other illegal substances because they speed up their removal from the body. Disadvantages: Can cause severe dehydration, dizziness, low blood pressure and muscle cramps. Anabolic steroids Drugs that help athlete to train harder and build muscle. Advantages: Build up body weight, increase size of muscles therefore improving a performers strength, Makes muscle recovery quicker, makes performer more aggressive and competitive. Disadvantages: Can cause high blood pressure, damage liver, kidneys and heart. Women- May develop infertility, more body hair, smaller breasts and a deeper voice. Men- May develop impotence or shrink their testicles. Peptide hormones Erythropoietin (EPO) –A naturally occurring chemical within the body. Injecting EPO increases numbers of red blood cells and therefore improves oxygen delivery to muscles. Advantages: Increase the amount of red blood cells in the body therefore increasing the ability of an athlete to transport oxygen to the working muscles during exercise. Disadvantages: Thickens blood which makes the heart work harder which increases the risk of strokes and heart attacks. Growth hormones- (similar to Anabolic Steroids) increase muscle size and strength, decreases body fat Blood doping Increasing the number of red blood cells within an athletes blood stream. Process: Blood is removed from the athlete and stored in a cold place. The athlete continues to train, allowing their body to naturally replace the blood that has been removed. Before a competition / event the blood originally removed from the athlete is placed back into their body. Advantages: Increases a performers red blood cell count therefore allowing them to get more oxygen to their working muscles to create energy. Disadvantages: Blood becomes thicker (increase in blood viscosity) which can lead to potential heart attacks or an embolism (a blockage of a blood vessel) or an increased risk of infection. State two reasons why performers should not take PEDs (2 marks)