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Art or “Sining” CONTEMPORARY ART - is defined as the different manners of - It is an art movement that emerged during the expressing human skills and imagination in the late 1960's and early 1970's up unti...

Art or “Sining” CONTEMPORARY ART - is defined as the different manners of - It is an art movement that emerged during the expressing human skills and imagination in the late 1960's and early 1970's up until the creation of aesthetic conditions, objects and present day. Art pieces that are, but not limited presentations. to paintings produced during our lifetime or in - is not confined only to what is seen. continuous process are considered as - involves the use of all the physical senses in Contemporary Art. order to appreciate it. - Is always in a state of flux, meaning it is in a constant evolution and cannot be contained DIFFERENT ART FORMS or condensed in a specific time frame or ✰ Painting period. ✰ Sculpture ✰ Literature MODERN ART vs. CONTEMPORARY ART ✰ Architecture Contemporary Art and Modern Art are very much ✰ Theater different. Each art movement has its own distinct ✰ Film characteristics, time period, and examples that sets ✰ Music apart one from the other. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE Modern Art is an art period that started way back in the CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES late 1800's and ended until the beginning of 1970's which paved the way for the emergence of ETHNIC ART – is the visual arts and material culture of Contemporary Art. indigenous peoples. The main focus of the art pieces produced during the ISLAMIC ART – not only describes the art created Modern period is experimentation, while art pieces specifically in the service of the Muslim faith, but also produced during the Contemporary period became characterizes the art and architecture historically more in tune with the social, political, and produced in the lands ruled by Muslims, produced for economical matters of society, and the materials and Muslim patrons, or created by Muslim artists. mediums used for such art pieces became more diverse and are not anymore limited to simply paints SPANISH ERA – When the Spaniards showed up in the anymore. Philippines in 1521, the colonizers utilized workmanship as a device to spread the Catholic faith Contemporary Art pieces took elements from Modern through pictures. Similarly, the ministers used pictures Art and diversified them in order to create more to clarify the ideas driving Catholicism. Pictures of the dynamic pieces. Blessed Family and the holy people were acquainted with the Filipino mind through Stations of the Cross, Characteristics of Contemporary Art inscriptions on estampas and estampitas, and works of art on chapel dividers. 1. Site-specific Arts - refers to a work of art designed specifically for AMERICAN ERA a particular location and that has an ✰ After over three centuries of Spanish rule, the interrelationship with the location. Americans came. They conquered the Filipinos - Is what allows an artwork to have a direct by introducing the public-school system and relationship to the physical space where it is a system of government. located or experienced, hence, displacing ✰ Filipinos learned to love education. the artwork from its original location will make the artwork lose its authentic JAPANESE ERA – The appearance of the Japanese meaning, value, and its interpretation will caused huge dread, hardships, and languishing among change as well. the Filipinos. The Filipino lifestyle was significantly influenced during the Japanese period, but it is also the time that they lost their ability to speak freely, while the advancement of workmanship halted. CWINETTE 2. Processed-based Art Philippine Artistic Heritage - The term process art refers to where the - Ancient Filipinos have long been making arts process of its making art is not hidden but that are anchored on their spirituality, remains a prominent aspect of the worldviews, and day-to-day living. completed work, so that a part or even the - Because of the diversity of the pre-colonial whole of its subject is the making of the work. Filipinos, there were a lot of artistic - It is a pure human expression. expressions produced from these groups of - The process is the most relevant aspect and people. not the end product. There are differences in culture and beliefs 3. Collaborative Art...but their strong sense of community intimately linked - Involves artists and communities working to their national heritage is manifested in their artistic closely together, often over extended periods expression. of time, to make art. - The final work is with the engagement of two Indigenous people have arts that they use for their or more artists. everyday tasks: Aside from communal functionalities, - The collaborative process produces our ancestors embody indigenous aesthetic, spontaneity from the artists and complex technology, and value of their belief. Some can be seen interpretations from the viewers. in their textile, pottery, ornaments, metalwork, carving, and body modifications. 4. Interactive Art - It refers to how the concept of an artwork  Weaving – involves fibers being spun, includes its audience, in a way that they are measured, cut, and mounted in a wooden encouraged to interact with the piece, to add platform. Our ancestors practiced a lot of or alter the meaning and form of the artwork. weaving techniques such as Ikat Textile The process of interactive artworks Weaving, that involves tie and dye process, emphasizes on the outcome of the artist's backstrap loom weaving, basketry weaving, idea and intent. mat weaving, and hat weaving 5. Integrative Art Tingkep - allows for interdisciplinary art where artists - These are the baskets of Palaw’an group of are free to integrate any kind of art people from Palawan. These are handcrafted development art production in their artworks. strips made from fine bamboo strips. This includes the use of any medium and art - These are also being used to house the form to express the concept of their piece powerful female spirit, Linamin Et Kundu, without the limitation from any art trend. during a healing process called Kundu. ✰ INSTALLATION ART – refers to site-specific, Hinabol often large-scale with mixed-media - The Higaonon group of people from Bukidnon constructions, that is created to manipulate makes Hinabol. The design of these textile the perception of space in a specific period of reflects the moods and feelings of the weaver. time. It uses a backstrap loom technique. Backstrap ✰ INTERMEDIA ARTS – Created using various weaving is an ancient technique where the materials. warp is attached in one end to a weaver and in ✰ PERFORMANCE ARTS – is used when artists the other to a solid object like a tree or a post. integrate their voices and bodies, and - This textile is also being given as a gift, dowry, sometimes with inanimate objects, to express offering to the spirits, and a peace offering their artistic expression in front of a live when there are community conflicts. audience. ✰ Tapis - is the woven textile of the Kalinga Group of People from the Cordillera. This textile is made using the Ikat Weaving Technique. CWINETTE  - Tapis is a rectangular cloth women wear as a  Music wraparound skirt. The designs are also - Filipinos are really artistic even before the inspired by nature. colonizers came. The Filipinos offer colorful musical culture that performs in rituals, Ikat, meaning “to tie” or “to bind” in Indonesian, celebration, and even for mere involves applying bindings, which resist dye penetration, entertainments. to the threads in the desired pattern. - Filipinos have a wide range of musical instruments such as flutes, pipes, drums, and  Pottery various stringed instruments. - Pottery Clay is usually found near the riverbanks. It is still used in traditional pottery. - Kudyapi of the Tagbanua from Palawan is a - The pots made by our ancestors serves a lot of two-stringed lute. It is called Hegelung or functions such as: cooking, storing food, and Hegalong for the T’boli and Kudlung to other even for burial purposes. indigenous groups. Up until now Kudyapi is being used for modern performances. - Manunggal Jar, was found in Manunggul Cave - Filipinos used gongs to perform music. We in Palawan. It is a secondary burial vessel have Kulintang Ensemble. Kulintang is an array where the buried and exhumed bones are of bossed gongs. Gangsa being the flat gongs, placed. and the Agung or Agong is the large bossed gongs.  Carving – is the art of using tools to shape something of a material by scraping away its  Dance – Music is often accompanied by portions. During the pre-colonial period, our traditional dances that are inspired by the ancestors used this art form to recreate movements of animals, humans, and other representations of their gods and dieties. elements of nature. - The Angono Petroglyphs is estimated to be - Ibaloi Communities have a dance called carved around 3000 B.C., it depicts around 127 Tayaw, where they mimic the movements of animal and human figures. the birds. - It is also believed as the oldest work of art in the Philippines. It was accidentally discovered  Rituals – A shaman, babaylan, or priestess by Carlos “Botong” Francisco, in Binangonan, may facilitate rituals that features dances, Rizal. chants, and musical instruments. Offerings of pigs and chickens may also be given to the  Ornamentations – Indigenous communities spirits. wear ornaments that are commonly made of gold and precious stones. Armlets, Necklace, - Kanyaw or Cañao of the Ifugao in the bracelets, rings are commonly worn by Cordillera, is led by a mumbaki or the shaman, women and men. and is usually performed during weddings, birth of a child, death of a member of the - Tattooing was also a widely-known body community. It involves a small offering of an modification in the pre-colonial period up until animal that they have raised or gathered. today. Tattoos, though before, signifies that a - Kanyaw performs a dance that mimics the man has won many battles, and for women, movements seen in nature and they move they use it to decorate their bodies to become together with the tempo of sticks and gongs. attractive. - Gold ornaments are worn as status symbols.  Architecture Kandit Royal Belt is a symbol of power and is - It began as a response to nature. Fire was the often worn by royalties in indigenous societies marking used by ancient Filipinos to serve as a in Mindanao. site of dwelling, rituals, and other gatherings. - Prehistoric cave shelters were the earliest form of human dwellings. CWINETTE  - Tabon Cave in Palawan is the most antiquated the Filipinos were altered because of the conversion of and possibly the largest cave that was the people to Christianity. inhabited for about 30,000 years Nevertheless, the Spaniards heavily influenced the art  Literature – The ancient Filipinos had their own production of the Filipino cultural communities. writing systems even before the colonizers arrived. ✰ Sculpture – The carving of deities and images of indigenous spirituality was replaced by the - Baybayin of the Tagalog, Surat Mangyan of the carving of saints or santos who are the images Hanunuo of Christ. These became the main subject of - Tau-Buhid Mangyan Surat of the Tagbanua and most Filipino sculptors during this period. Palawan Groups Kulitan of the Kapampangan. - The Urnas and Virinas are both small Islamic Arts sculptured figures of saints. Urnas are - Prior to the Spaniards, Islam already made its miniature altar pieces with niches where small way in southern regions in the Philippines saints are kept. While Virinas are small santos because of trade with our ancestors. protected under cylindrical globes. - Sayyid Abbubakar of Arabia established the Sultanate of Sulu in the 15th Century. He ✰ Paintings – Paintings of saints were also introduced the holy book of Quran and built a prominent during this period. It was being house of prayers that we identify as mosques. commissioned by the Churches in conventos - It was embraced by the Sama Bajau, Tausug, or residences of parish. Maranao, Maguindanao, Yakan, etc., that are now called the collective group of Moro in - Langit, Lupa, Impyerno by Jose Luciano Dans Mindanao. is a three-level painting that shoes Holy Trinity, - We can observe this through the patterns and Mary Mother of Christ, Saints, and the Seven designs of Muslim mosques. All mosques are Blessed Sacraments. directed in the west location as they should all - Damian Domingo y Gabor, one of the great be facing Mecca, the holiest city of the Islam. Filipino painters that became famous in the The interior of mosques are also filled with Spanish Colonial Period. He is considered to geometric and abstract patterns such as the be the “Father of Filipino Painting.” He also curvilinear and flowing designs of okir or ukkil. was coined to be the “First great Filipino ✰ Okir patterns can also be seen in the Painter” being able to record the first self- traditional houses of the muslim called portrait in the Philippines. Torogan, and in their other means of artistic - He is also the founder of Acadamia de Dibujo expressions such as textile weaving, traditional y Pintura which is the very first formal bots, weapons, and musical instruments to Philippine Art School. name a few. - Letras Y Figuras, Literally means Letters and ✰ Sarimanok is a mythical creature from the Figures, was developed by Jose Honorato Islam culture that was made famous by the Lozano. It combines tipos del pais or types of works of the late National Artist for Visual countries and genre paintings by forming Arts, and the only Moro that was granted with letters of the patron’s names. the prestigious award, Abdulmari Asia Imao. ✰ Textile Weaving – The Filipino Clothing has Spanish Colonial Legacy expanded after the colonial contact with the - The arrival of Spaniards brought dynamic Spaniards. The Indigenous Clothing was still changes in the lives of Ancient Filipinos, practiced but lowland Christian communities specifically in Luzon and Visayas. started to employ weaving, embroidery, and techniques that submitted to the social norms Why only Luzon and Visayas? and customs. - Women wore baro’t saya while men wore pants Spaniards brought Christianity intertwined with the and suits. Spanish Empire and Colonization. Some indigenous - Clothings are still seen as signifiers of social artistic expressions diminished and the spirituality of status of the person. CWINETTE - Nipis is a local fabric that caught the attention with a Hat), Une Scène de Danse Japonaise of the Spaniards. It was woven from fibers of (Scene from the Japanese Dance), Les Boxers the abaca plant. (The Boxers), and La Place de L'Opera (The Place of the Opera) were shown. All of them are ✰ Ornamentations – Jewelries such as silent films with subtitles and piano or crucifixes and scapulars were used as tools to orchestra music accompaniment. replace amulets and talismans worn by early Filipinos. ✰ Architecture - Part of the plan of the Spaniards - The Filipinos started to wear scapulars and to hasten colonization was to bring the native crucifixes. in the mid-18th century. Filipinos closer to Catholicism through the use of a plaza complex, where all roads lead to one; ✰ Music – Juan Angel Rodriguez established a the church and the municipio. singing school at the Manila Cathedral that taught Church Music. The curriculum was - The major structures built during this period based and patterned from Madrid were used with adobe, limestone, or bricks Conservatory of Music. and constructed with massive buttresses in order to make the structures more resistant to - Rondalla is composed of guitar, laud, earthquakes. bandurria, octavina, and double bass, that is being accompanied by drum or percussion American Colonial Legacy instruments. - After claiming independence in the 1896- - Kundiman was also born in this period. It is the 1898 revolution, it didn't take long before the traditional means of serenading loved ones. Philippines was colonized again by the - Harana is a form of Kundiman that is an old Americans. Filipino courtship tradition of serenading - The American colonial government declared women. war against the Filipinos, resulting in the - The biggest contribution of the Spanish death of many Filipino civilians and colonial period in the history of Philippine government officials. music is the birth of The Philippine National Anthem that was composed by Julian Felipe in ✰ Painting – The religious themes were replaced 1898. The lyrics were adapted from a spanish by landscape, still life, and themes that show poem entitled Filipinas that was written by the beauty of the land. Jose Palma in 1899. - Fabian dela Rosa was the first recognized ✰ Theatre – The rituals of indigenous Filipinos painter of the 20th century. He is the most thrived alongside the grandeur of religious renowned and considered the brightest name processions. In the second half of the 19th in Filipino painting during the first quarter of century, theaters became famous and the 19th century. He is also the mentor and proliferated in Manila. The theaters featured uncle of another famous painter, Fernando musical dramas, short plays, and magic Amorsolo. shows. Fernando Amorsolo - Zarzuela is a Spanish traditional form of is best known for his illuminated landscape musical comedy. It is a short opera or an paintings and his works are characterized by operetta that features singing and dancing striking colors. with dialogue to stage the story through a He is also the first awardee of the National song. Artists Award. He was also the one who designed the logo for ✰ Film and Cinema – Salon de Pertierra named Ginebra San Miguel which depicts St. Michael after the Spaniard Pertierra, was established defeating the devil. in March 1896 and became the first movie- The owner of the beverage company, Don theater house in the Philippines. It was in Enrique Zobel, was so impressed by the work January of the following year that the first four of Amorsolo that he sent him to study in movie entitled Un Homme Au Chapeau (Man CWINETTE  Academia de San Fernando in Madrid, Spain - Tanikalang Ginto or the Golden Chain, to improve his skills and knowledge in the arts. written by Juan Abad, and Hindi Ako Patay or I Am Not Dead by Juan Matapang-Cruz, are ✰ Sculpture – Gullermo Tolentino was the some of the examples of Drama Simbolico. counterpart of Amorsolo in the field of - Another famous play is the Ngayon, Kahapon, sculpture. He is considered the "Father of at Bukas, an anti-imperialist play by Aurelio Philippine Sculptures" because of his Tolentino that was first presented in Teatro excellent and important works such as the Libertad in Manila on May 14, 1903. Bonifacio Monument, symbolizing the cry of - A Modern Filipina is the first Filipino play Filipinos for freedom, and the Oblation in written in English by playwrights Lino University of the Philippines, symbolizing the Castillejo and Jesusa Araullo in 1915. selfless offering of oneself to his country. ✰ Film and Cinema – In 1912, a film entitled La ✰ Ornamentations – Fashion remained the Vida de Jose Rizal or Life of Jose Rizal was same for the first five years of the 20th known to be the first feature film produced in century. It gradually changed and became the Philippines. more modern as compared to the conservative style influenced by Spanish rule. - Jose Nepomuceno was considered the "Father of Philippine Cinema." He produced - A modern version of the Maria Clara is the and directed Dalagang Bukid or Country Traje de Mestiza that was popular in the early Maiden in 1919. It was the first film made by a 1900s. Filipino that was based on a theater play by - Later in the period, the women started wearing Hermogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio. shorter dresses and heels, while the men Unfortunately, it was now considered a lost wore polo shirts and suspenders. film. ✰ Music – The first decade of American rule was ✰ Architecture - American colonizers imposed a an era of suppressed nationalism. But it was new urban pattern that will be favorable to during this period that professional music them in achieving their secular goals. schools were established, including the UP Conservatory of Music, and music education - City Beautiful Movement is an Americanized was also taught in public school. Americans urban planning movement managed by also brought devices that can play music like architects, landscape architects, and the radio and jukebox. reformers that flourished between the 1890s and the 1920s. Arch. Daniel Burnham and - Francisco Santiago was the "Father of Arch. William Parsons led the city beautiful Kundiman art songs" with his famous piece movement in Manila, Cebu, and Baguio. Anak Dalita. Other famous Filipino composers - Neoclassical architecture is the style used in were Juan Hernandez, Nicanor Abelardo, and government structures and public parks and Rodolfo Cornejo. spaces in order to make the city attractive. - Art Deco is an architectural style that features ✰ Theater – The arrival of Americans caused the geometric shapes, clear and precise lines and Filipino playwrights who had just experienced decorations, with relaxed, and natural forms. the Philippine revolution against Spain, found Santissimo Rosario Parish Church themselves challenged by censorship with Far Eastern University Main building in the enforcement of Sedation Law. The law Manila prohibited any Filipino from advocating Rizal Memorial Sports complex Philippine independence or its separation Metropolitan Theater in Manila from the United States. Philippine Modern Art - Drama Simbolico is an example of a political - Modern Art in the Philippines signifies the play that represents a deep and profound overall aesthetic of art produced in the 20th longing for freedom. Century, to the early 1970s. Modern artists focused on experimenting with their CWINETTE  approach to art production. They were trying greatly affected since they lost their freedom to break free from the conservative practices of speech and expression. The art production of academism and that resulted in a new and the development of art slowed down period in Philippine art history. during this era. ✰ Visual Arts - Victorio Edades was among ✰ Visual Arts – It was dangerous for Filipino pioneers of Philippine modernism in reaction artists to create art that can possibly be to Neoclassical art, which he thought was out categorized as propaganda against the of touch with the new ideas in art and with the Japanese. struggles of common Filipino people. The Filipino Modernists reacted to two things, the - The Japanese hired Filipino spies to point out Academism or beaux-art traditions, and the those who were suspected as part of the dominant Amorsolo School. guerilla movement. Despite the threats of the Japanese, Filipino artists continued to - is considered the "Father of Modern Filipino create. Painting" and was proclaimed as a National - Art competitions were conducted by Artist in Visual Arts in 1976. Dominant in his Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod ng Bagong works are the subject of the working class Pilipinas (KALIBAPI) where Filipino artists struggles, painted in dark and somber colors, were allowed to join. and bold strokes. - The Builders (1928) is one of the most ✰ Ornamentations – In the mid 1940s, the important paintings of Edades because unlike clothing boutiques, tailoring shops, and the idealized vision of Amorsolo with the dressmakers stopped operation as the final working class life, he painted "distorted, chapter of World War 2 took place in the naked working men, covered in sweat and Philippines. grime," that is far different from the happy laborers in sunny fields which can be seen in ✰ Music – Any artistic expressions, including many Amorsolo paintings. music, that deemed subversive or anti- - In 1934, Victorio Edades together with Carlos Japanese led to torturous consequences, "Botong" Francisco and Galo Ocampo even death. Jazz and Popular Music brought by formed the Triumvirate of Modern Art in the the Americans were banned. Philippines. They made various collaborative murals such as the Nature's Bounty. Carlos - Felipe De Leon, in order to make the song Awit "Botong" Francisco was known for his eye for sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas was composition, the lush tropical colors and the commanded at gunpoint by the Japanese values of the townspeople in Angono. Nature's soldiers. He was only given a 24 hrs deadline Bounty painting became his trademark. He to write the song or he will be killed Awit sa became famous with his depictions of Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas was declared as important historical events in the Philippines the anthem alleging the nation reared in Asia. such as the First Mass at Limasawa. - Galo Ocampo, on the other hand, painted the ✰ Theater – Actors and entertainers poked fun at Brown Madonna which portrays Filipinized the Japanese or sent messages of hope in version of the Western icon Madonna and the disguise as innuendos that only the Filipinos Child. understood. Some performances also - In the sculpture, Napoleon Abueva was conveyed hidden messages for guerillas, a recognized as the "Father of Modern clever instrument to disseminate information Philippine Sculpture.” He is the artist behind to a wider audience. It was during this period the artwork Transfiguration which shows that comedy bars were introduced. Jesus Christ is ascending to heaven from earth. ✰ Film and Cinema – The local film industry was Japanese Occupation put into a halt during the Japanese - The arrival of Japanese colonizers caused Occupation. Live theater flourished again tremendous fear, hardships, and suffering because most actors, directors, and among the Filipinos- their way of life was technicians went back to the stage because CWINETTE  they only depended on stage shows on most mainstream theater. It determined the path of major manila movie theaters for income. evolution and development of technology and thematic concerns of the staging and the Post-War Period writing of future theatrical plays. - Filipino artists had the time to reflect the national identity as a Filipino after the - Repertory Philippines was formed in 1967 and destruction and tragedies caused by the war. It was known as the most professional English- was during this period that they portrayed the Speaking theater company in the country. "true social conditions" of the masses that Philippine Educational Theater Association led to further evolution of the Modern Art (PETA) that was also founded in 1967 by Cecile movement. Guidote-Alvarez, is an organization of creative and critical culture and the arts workers ✰ Visual Arts – A group of artists emerged and committed to artistic excellence and a their movement was named Neo-Realism as people's culture that fosters both personal per the artist-writer Emilio Aguilar Cruz's fulfillment and social transformation. observations. Applying the modernists approach, the artists explored the subject and ✰ Film and Cinema – The first Golden Age of themes of the urban condition and the effects Philippine Cinema is during the late 1940s to of the previous war on the lives of Filipinos. early 1960s where major film studios such as LVN and Sampaguita Pictures were - Vicente Manansala, Cesar Legaspi, and established. Notable actors from this period Hernando R. Ocampo were among the are Dolphy, Fernando Poe Jr. Susan Roces, Modernists that were considered part of the Paraluman, Eddie Gutierrez, Eddie Garcia, Neo-Realism movement. Nida Blanca, and the former Philippine - Art Association of the Philippines (AAP) is president, Joseph Estrada. one of the prominent arts organizations which aimed to support Filipino visual artists. It - Cinema became more ambitious and was established in 1948 under the leadership produced big-budget films such as Manuel of Purita Kalaw-Ledesma. AAP conducted art Conde's Genghis Khan in which Carlos competitions to encourage Filipino artists to Francisco acted as the production designer of keep pursuing the arts. However, conflict the film. between the conservatives and modernists emerged in the AAP art competitions as the ✰ Architecture – Modern architectural designs conservatives felt that judges were being became prominent after the war. Structures biased and inclined with the modernists. applied minimalistic style with little to no - That led to the walkout of conservatives from ornamentations. the organization and they opted to exhibit their works in the street of Mabini in Manila - An example of this is the Church of the Holy instead, hence the origin of today’s Mabini Sacrifice situated inside the campus of UP artists. Diliman. It houses the works of five (5) - Abstraction also became a popular form of National Artists for Visual Arts namely, Modern Art which is classified as non- Vicente Manansala, Arturo Luz, Napoleon representational art. Some known artists of Abueva, Leandro Locsin, and Ang Kiukok. abstraction during this period are Arturo Luz, Fernando Zobel, and Constancio Bernardo to Martial Law and Art after 1986 name a few. - The regime of Ferdinand E. Marcos and Imelda Romualdez Marcos produced many ✰ Performance Art – Bodabil deteriorated into culture and arts related projects ignoring the Bulgar shows and later on replaced by the poverty and poor social conditions of the popularity of film and television. The decade Filipinos. of the 60’s may be considered as a major - The opening of the Cultural Center of the turning point in the history of theater in the Philippines or CCP in 1966 was the biggest Philippines. Activists’ political theater was contribution to the arts of this period; it housed combined with the cultural direction of several art exhibitions, theater and music CWINETTE  performances, workshops, and it also became Martial Law until it was banned to be played an award and grants giving body to Filipino in the public. artists. CCP continues to support the arts up to the contemporary times. Film and Cinema – Films reflected the attitudes of post-war Philippine society. ✰ Visual Arts – A new art form emerged in the Themes portraying socio-political issues in Martial Law period as a response of Filipino the Philippines were continuously made but artists to the atrocities of the Marcoses. masked in a romantic plot. An example of this Social Realism (SR) in the Philippines was is the film by a renowned filmmaker and defined by the famous art critic and historian National Artist in Film and Cinema, Lino Alice V. Guillermo as "the art which exposes Brocka, entitled Maynila sa mga Kuko ng the true conditions of the society, as based on Liwanag or Manila in the Claws of Light. the artist's keen observations of reality and proffers alternatives for human betterment." - Other films of the 70s were influenced of American Pop culture and Rock n' Roll where - Many artist groups were formed during the the story is about the typical boy-meets-girl Martial period that follows the principles of the romantic films. Locally produced horror and Social Realism movement. One of them is the action flicks started to become more Kaisahan artist group that is committed to popular. developing the Social Realism movement where the art production is not limited to ✰ Architecture – Edifice Complex of the canvas but to more accessible forms such as Marcoses was bluntly shown in their street arts and posters that can reach a infrastructure projects. It is the keen desire of wider public. The members of the Kaisahan public and educational administrators to build are Antipas Delotavo, Renato Habulan, Jose buildings. Some infrastructures built during the Tence Ruiz, Neil Doloricon, Edgar Talusan Martial Law period are the CCP which was Hernandez, Pablo Baen Santos and Al designed by Architect Leandro V. Locsin, Manrique. Other groups were Salingpusa where he designed the modernist cantilevered which was composed of UP Fine Arts students, building and which was described as a cross and Pamilya Pintura, a group of SR artists in between the vernacular bahay kubo; the Bacolod. Manila Film Center which is presently known as the Amazing Show building; the Coconut ✰ Music – Philippine Music experienced a lot of Palace which serves as the office of the changes and developments during the Martial Philippine Vice President; and the PICC or Law period. It was during this time that the Philippine International Convention Center. Philharmonic Orchestra was formed and became the country's leading orchestra. It is - On Nov. 17, 1981, part of the in-process also one of the top ensembles in the Asia- Manila Film Center collapsed. Pacific region. - According to some reports, the accident occurred at about three o'clock in the morning - Manila Sound gained popularity in the early and involved a collapsed scaffolding; 1980s. It is a musical genre that influenced the according to others, it was at two o'clock and contemporary genres in the country. Some of involved a caved-in roof, the famous artists and bands during this period - Regardless, there was a collapse on the are Hagibis, Apolinario Mabini Hiking Society building site, and workers plummeted down as or Apo Hiking Society, Ric Segretto, Basil the ground fell out from beneath their feet. Valdez, Kuh Ledesma, Rey Valera, and Many were injured. Many were killed. Sharon Cuneta. - However, the musicians were also forbidden to make songs against the Marcos dictatorship. But Bayan Ko regained popularity in that time where the song was deemed rebellious after Marcos declared CWINETTE