GS Foundation Test-14/Test-6 (Solution) PDF

GS Founda on Test-14/Test-6 (Solu on) Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Direct Seeded Rice (DSR): 1. It is a more water-intensive method of sowing paddy compared to the tradi onal method. 2. Seeds are directly drilled into the fields in this method....

GS Founda on Test-14/Test-6 (Solu on) Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Direct Seeded Rice (DSR): 1. It is a more water-intensive method of sowing paddy compared to the tradi onal method. 2. Seeds are directly drilled into the fields in this method. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: B Explana on:  Statement 1 is not correct: Tradi onally, rice cul va on involved transplan ng seedlings from nurseries to flooded fields, a method that requires a substan al amount of water. However, Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) is compara vely a water-saving technique. By directly sowing seeds into the field, DSR significantly reduces water consump on compared to the conven onal method. This is because DSR avoids the con nuous flooding of fields, which is a major contributor to water wastage in rice cul va on.  Statement 2 is correct: As the name suggests, Direct Seeded Rice involves sowing rice seeds directly into the prepared field. This is in contrast to the tradi onal method where seedlings are first grown in a nursery before being transplanted. DSR eliminates the labour-intensive process of transplan ng and can be mechanized, making it a more efficient and less me-consuming method of rice cul va on. Hence, op on B is correct. Q2. Consider the following statements regarding Millets: 1. The United Na on General Assembly (UNGA) had declared the year 2023 as the interna onal year of millets. 2. India is the largest producer of millets in the world. 3. MAHARISHI Ini a ve is focused on research and awareness related to millets. How many of the above statements is/are correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: C Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: The United Na ons General Assembly (UNGA) had declared the year 2023 'Interna onal Year of Millets'. It will help in crea ng awareness throughout the world about the significant role of millets in sustainable agriculture and its benefits as a smart food and superfood. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]   Statement 2 is correct: India is the largest producer and second largest exporter of millet and in 2022 India produced around 50.9 million tonnes. This accounts for 80% of Asia's and 20% of global produc on. India is followed by African countries like Nigeria and Niger in produc on.  Statement 3 is correct: MAHARISHI Ini a ve i.e., Millets and Other Ancient Grains Interna onal Research ini a ve. This interna onal ini a ve will focus on research and awareness via agro-biodiversity, food security and nutri on aligning with the Interna onal Year of Millets. Hence, op on C is correct. Q3. Which of the following are benefits associated with Micro Irriga on? 1. Higher Water Use Efficiency 2. Increased Fer lizer Consump on 3. Higher Energy Consump on 4. Increased Crop Yield 5. Cost Saving and Reduced Labor Requirements 6. Limited Crop Diversifica on Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1, 2, 3, and 6 only B. 2, 5, and 6 only C. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only D. 1, 4, and 5 only Answer: D Explana on:  Micro Irriga on is an innova ve water saving technology in which water is directly supplied to crops with very less conveyance and evapora on losses.  Micro Irriga on leads to higher water use efficiency, increased crop yield, and cost savings with reduced labor requirements. However, it results in decreased fer lizer consump on, lower energy consump on, and allows for crop diversifica on. Hence, op on D is correct. Q4. Which of the following best describes 'Precision agriculture': A. A farming management strategy that uses technology to op mize crop produc on. B. A tradi onal farming method that relies on manual labor. C. A type of organic farming that avoids chemical inputs. D. A government program to support small-scale farmers. Answer: A Explana on: 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Precision Agriculture:  Precision agriculture is a modern farming approach that u lizes technology to op mize crop produc on. By employing tools like GPS, drones, and data analysis, farmers can precisely monitor and manage various factors within their fields, such as soil quality, crop health, and weather condi ons.  This data-driven strategy enables tailored applica on of resources like water, fer lizers, and pes cides, resul ng in increased yields, reduced costs, and minimized environmental impact by using inputs efficiently and only where needed. Hence, op on A is correct. Q5. Consider the following countries: 1. India 2. Pakistan 3. Sri Lanka 4. Bangladesh 5. Nepal 6. Indonesia How many of the above countries are part of Asian Palm Oil Alliance? A. Only three B. Only four C. Only five D. All six Answer: C Explana on: Asian Palm Oil Alliance:  The apex edible oil industry associa ons from five major palm oil impor ng countries of Asia - India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal - have come together to form the Asian Palm Oil Alliance (APOA). The purpose is to safeguard the economic and business interests of the palm-oil consuming countries. o Indonesia is NOT part of this alliance.  The alliance would work towards ensuring that palm oil is recognised as a high-quality, economical, and healthy vegetable oil and to change the nega ve image of palm oil. Hence, op on C is correct. Q6. The terms ‘Kodo,’ ‘Sawa,’ and ‘Cheena’ refer to which of the following? A. Types of Millets B. Tribal groups of Bihar C. Disputed regions of Africa D. Variety of dragonflies Answer: A 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Explana on:  Kutki, Kodo, Sawa, Cheena, Kangni are the types of millets and categorized as “Li le Millets”.  The millets commonly grown in India include Jowar (sorghum), Bajra (pearl millet), Ragi (finger millet), Jhangora/ Sawa/ Sanwa (barnyard millet), Barri/ Cheena (Proso or common millet), Kangni (foxtail/ Italian millet), Kodra (Kodo millet), Korale (Brown top millet) etc. Hence, op on A is correct. Q7. Who was given the tle of "Bangabandhu"? A. Sheikh Hasina B. Ziaur Rahman C. Muhammad Yunus D. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Answer: D Explana on:  Sheikh Mujibur Rahman the founding father of Bangladesh, was given the tle "Bangabandhu," which means "Friend of Bengal." He played a pivotal role in leading the country to independence from Pakistan in 1971 and is widely revered as the architect of the Bangladeshi na on. His leadership and dedica on to the cause of Bangladesh's freedom earned him this honorary tle. Hence, op on D is correct. Q8. Consider the following countries: 1. India 2. Bhutan 3. Myanmar 4. Thailand 5. China How many of the above countries do NOT share a land border with Bangladesh? A. Only two B. Only three C. Only four D. All five Answer: B Explana on:  Bangladesh shares its land borders only with two countries: o India to the north, west, and east o Myanmar to the southeast. However, Bangladesh does not share a land border with Bhutan, China, and Thailand. Hence, op on B is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q9. Consider the following states: 1. Assam 2. West Bengal 3. Sikkim 4. Mizoram 5. Manipur 6. Tripura. How many of the above Indian states share a land border with Bangladesh? A. Only three B. Only four C. Only five D. All six Answer: B Explana on:  India shares a largely porous 4,096 km of land border with Bangladesh. This border runs along the 5 Indian states - West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. Bangladesh is also bound from three sides by India.  However, Sikkim and Manipur do not share a border with Bangladesh. Hence, op on B is correct. Q10. In 1996, India and Bangladesh signed a water-sharing agreement for which of the following river? A. Teesta B. Brahmaputra C. Meghna D. Ganga Answer: D Explana on:  India and Bangladesh signed a water-sharing agreement for the Ganga River in 1996. This agreement was aimed at addressing the long-standing issues related to the sharing of Ganga water, especially a er the construc on of the Farakka Barrage. Hence, op on D is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q11. Consider the following statements: 1. India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of pulses in the world. 2. The major pulse producing states are Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. 3. In comparison to 1951, the per capita availability of pulses in India has increased significantly by 2022. How many of the above statements is/are correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: A Explana on:  Statement 1 is not correct: India is the largest producer (25% of global produc on) and consumer (27% of global consump on) of pulses. o However, India is also a significant importer (14% of global imports) of pulses.  Statement 2 is correct: Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, U ar Pradesh, and Karnataka as major pulse- producing states in India  Statement 3 is not correct: Pulse produc on has not increased in step with the popula on growth, per capita availability of pulses has declined from 22.1 kg per person in 1951 to 16.4 kg per person in 2022 Hence, op on A is correct. Q12. Consider the following statements with respect to Atmanirbhar Oil Seed Abhiyan: 1. It was announced in the Interim Budget 2024-25. 2. It aims to achieve self-reliance in oilseeds such as mustard, groundnut, sesame, soybean, and sunflower. 3. It focuses on research for high-yielding varie es, widespread adop on of modern farming techniques, and crop insurance. How many of the above statements is/are correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: C Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: The Atmanirbhar Oil Seed Abhiyan was officially unveiled in the Interim Budget presented for the financial year 2024-25.  Statement 2 is correct: The primary goal of the Atmanirbhar Oil Seed Abhiyan is to make India self-sufficient in the produc on of essen al oilseeds. This involves increasing domes c produc on of crops like mustard, 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]  groundnut, sesame, soybean, and sunflower to meet the country's growing demand for edible oils. Reducing dependence on oilseed imports is a crucial aspect of this ini a ve, aiming to bolster India's agricultural economy.  Statement 3 is correct: To achieve its objec ve of self-reliance in oilseeds, the Abhiyan has a mul -pronged approach. This includes inves ng in research and development to create high-yielding and resilient oilseed varie es. o Addi onally, the program emphasizes the adop on of modern agricultural prac ces, such as improved cul va on techniques, mechaniza on, and use of quality inputs. To protect farmers from losses due to adverse weather condi ons or crop failures, the ini a ve also promotes crop insurance coverage. Hence, op on C is correct. Q13. Consider the following statements about tomato produc on in India: 1. In In terms of area under tomato cul va on and in terms of total produc on, India ranks 2nd in the world. 2. Tomato is the most consumed vegetable in India. 3. Tomato produc on in India has been consistently increasing over the past few years. How many of the above statements is/are correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: A Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: India ranks 2nd in the world in terms of both area under tomato cul va on and total produc on. o The major tomato-producing countries include China (ranked 1st), India, the USA, Turkey, and Egypt.  Statement 2 is not correct: Potatoes are the most consumed vegetable due to their versa lity and use in a wide range of dishes, followed by onions, which are an essen al ingredient in Indian cooking. o Tomatoes, though highly consumed, come a er these two in terms of overall consump on in the country.  Statement 3 is not correct: Tomato produc on in India has seen fluctua ons in recent years. The produc on peaked in 2019-20 at 21.187 million tonnes, reflec ng a period of growth. However, since then, there has been a decline in produc on. o In 2021-22, produc on dropped to 20.69 million tonnes, and it further decreased to 20.62 million tonnes in 2022-23. Various factors, including lower acreage, extreme weather condi ons, and crop diseases, have contributed to this decline, indica ng that tomato produc on has not been on a consistent upward trend in recent years. Hence, op on A is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q14. Gross Capital Forma on (GCF) in the agriculture sector is best reflected by which of the following? A. The total amount of subsidies provided by the government to farmers over a specific period. B. The aggregate value of all agricultural produce sold in domes c and interna onal markets. C. The total investment in physical assets such as machinery, buildings, and equipment in the agriculture sector over a specific period. D. The sum of all loans taken by farmers for agricultural purposes in a fiscal year. Answer: C Explana on: Gross Capital Forma on (GCF):  Gross Capital Forma on (GCF) in the agriculture sector refers to the total investment in physical assets such as machinery, buildings, land improvements, equipment purchases, and infrastructure like irriga on facili es over a specific period.  It represents the crea on and accumula on of new assets that enhance the produc ve capacity of the agriculture sector. GCF is crucial for modernizing agriculture, increasing produc vity, improving farmers' income, and suppor ng the overall economic growth and sustainability of rural areas. Hence, op on C is correct. Q15. 'Amar Sonar Bangla’, the na onal anthem of Bangladesh was composed by: A. Abanindranath Tagore B. Dwarkanath Tagore C. Devendranath Tagore D. Rabindranath Tagore Answer: D Explana on:  Rabindranath Tagore composed the na onal anthem of Bangladesh, "Amar Sonar Bangla". He was a renowned Bengali polymath, poet, and philosopher. The song was wri en in 1905 as a response to the par on of Bengal by Bri sh rule and later adopted as Bangladesh's na onal anthem.  He also composed India's na onal anthem, "Jana Gana Mana". Hence, op on D is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q16. Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Flood irriga on and the low cost of electricity have led to inefficient water use in Indian agriculture. Statement-II: Wastage and inefficiencies in water usage also stem from the loss of approximately 44% of water in canals before it even reaches agricultural fields. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? A. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explana on for Statement-I. B. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explana on for Statement-I. C. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect. D. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct. Answer: B Explana on:  Statement-I is correct: Flood irriga on involves the applica on of water to fields by allowing it to flow freely over the surface. While it is a simple and tradi onal method, it o en results in significant water wastage due to evapora on and surface runoff. o The low cost of electricity in India has historically encouraged the excessive use of flood irriga on, as farmers are less mo vated to conserve water or adopt more efficient irriga on methods when the cost is subsidized. This inefficient use of water leads to several issues, including the over-extrac on of groundwater, waterlogging, and reduced crop produc vity. As a result, the inefficiency of flood irriga on coupled with the low cost of electricity has contributed to unsustainable water use prac ces in Indian agriculture.  Statement-II is correct: Canal irriga on, while effec ve in certain regions, also suffers from inefficiencies. A significant por on of water—around 44%—is lost before it reaches the fields due to seepage, evapora on, and other forms of leakage along the canal system. This loss of water results in reduced water availability for irriga on and can impact crop yields and soil health.  Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explana on for Statement-I. Hence, op on B is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q17. Arrange the following incidents of poli cal turmoil in India's neighbourhood over the past five years in chronological order: 1. Poli cal change in Maldives pushing out India-friendly Solih government. 2. Ouster of PM Imran Khan in Pakistan. 3. Taliban takeover in Afghanistan. 4. Collapse of coali on government in Nepal. Select the correct op on using the code given below: A. 2 – 3 – 4 – 1 B. 3 – 2 – 4 – 1 C. 2 – 3 – 1 – 4 D. 3 – 2 – 1 – 4 Answer: D Explana on:  Taliban takeover in Afghanistan (2021): The Taliban swi ly took control of Afghanistan in August 2021 a er the withdrawal of U.S. troops, leading to a significant poli cal shi in the region. This incident is the earliest among the four listed events.  Ouster of PM Imran Khan in Pakistan (2022): Imran Khan, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, was removed from office through a no-confidence vote in April 2022. This marked a crucial poli cal change in Pakistan.  Poli cal change in Maldives pushing out the India-friendly Solih government (2023): In 2023, the Maldives saw a drama c poli cal change with the exit of the pro-India Solih government, further adding to the list of challenges in India's neighbourhood.  Collapse of coali on government in Nepal (2024): In 2024, the coali on government in Nepal collapsed, bringing back the less India-friendly Oli government, indica ng poli cal instability in the region. Hence, op on D is correct. Q18. “Opera on Greens” is related to which of the following? A. A scheme for the development of new types of rice and wheat. B. To stabilize the supply of TOP (Tomato, Onion, Potato) crops. C. A program focused on increasing the produc on of oilseeds and pulses. D. A project dedicated to expanding livestock farming and dairy produc on. Answer: B Explana on: Opera on Green:  Opera on Greens seeks to stabilize the supply of Tomato, Onion, and Potato (TOP) crops and to ensure the availability of TOP crops throughout the country round the year without price vola lity.  It aims to promote Farmer Producers Organiza ons (FPO), Agri-logis cs, processing facili es, and professional management of agri-produce. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]  State Agriculture and other Marke ng Federa ons, Farmer Producer Organiza ons (FPO), coopera ves, companies, Self-help groups, food processors, etc. can avail the financial assistance under it.  To help in the structural and infrastructure part of the scheme, agriculture market commi ee (APMCs) promoted markets will be connected to the e-NAM pla orm.  The government will also help in the development of 22,000 agricultural markets.  The scheme will have the two-pronged strategy of Price stabiliza on measures (for the short term) and integrated value chain development projects (for the long term). Hence, op on B is correct. Q19. ‘Puddling’ is an important process related to which of the following crops? A. Chickpea B. Rice C. Groundnut D. Maize Answer: B Explana on:  ‘Puddling’ is the process of submerging the soil and then reducing it to a muddy condi on by ploughing it repeatedly. This is essen al for rice cul va on as it creates a waterlogged environment that is ideal for Rice growth. Hence, op on B is correct. Q20. Consider the following statements with reference to Na onal Mission on Edible Oil-Oil Palm (NMEO-OP): 1. It is a Central sector schemes. 2. Under this scheme, oil palm farmers will be provided financial assistance and will get remunera on under a price and viability formula. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: B Explana on:  Statement 1 is not correct: It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with a special focus on the North east region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with a focus on increasing the area and produc vity of oilseeds and Oil Palm.  Statement 2 is correct: It will involve raising the area under oil palm cul va on to 10 lakh hectares by 2025-26 and 16.7 lakh hectares by 2029-30. Oil palm farmers will be provided financial assistance and will get remunera on under a price and viability formula. The Viability Formula is a Minimum Support Price-type 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]  mechanism and the government will fix this at 14.3% of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) price. It will eventually go up to 15.3%. o Another focus area of the scheme is to substan ally increase the support of inputs/interven ons. Special assistance will be given to replant old gardens for their rejuvena on. Hence, op on B is correct. Q21. Consider the following pairs: Governor-General / Viceroys Events in their Rule 1. Lord Wellesley Telegraph and postal reforms 2. Lord William Ben nck Introduc on of English as official language 3. Lord Dalhousie Introduc on of Subsidiary Alliance How of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: A Explana on:  Pair 1 is not correct: Lord Wellesley introduced Subsidiary Alliance in 1798. It is a treaty between the Bri sh East India Company and the Indian princely states, by virtue of which the Indian kingdoms lost their sovereignty to the English.  Pair 2 is correct: William Ben nck led to educa onal reforms and introduc on of English as the official language.  Pair 3 is not correct: Lord Dalhousie took Telegraph (4000 miles of telegraph lines to connect Calcu a with Bombay, Madras and Peshawar) and postal (Post Office Act, 1854) reforms in his tenure. Hence, op on A is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q22. Consider the following statements regarding the Munda Ulgulan (1899-1900): 1. The Munda Ulgulan was led by Birsa Munda and is also known as the Great Upheaval. 2. The primary cause of the revolt was the disregard for Khuntka rights and the transforma on of the Mundari agrarian system into non-communal, feudal, and zamindari tenures. 3. The Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act of 1908 provided some belated relief to the Mundas by banning beth begari or forced labor. How many of the above statements is/are NOT correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: D Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: Birsa Munda, a tribal leader, played a pivotal role in leading the Munda Ulgulan, which is also referred to as the Great Upheaval. It took place in Chhota Nagpur of Jharkhand.  Statement 2 is correct: The primary causes of the Munda Ulgulan included the disregard for the tradi onal Khuntka system (a communal land ownership system among the Mundas) and the imposi on of feudal and zamindari tenures by the Bri sh and local landlords. This led to the loss of communal land rights and exploita on of the Mundas, which fueled the revolt.  Statement 3 is correct: The Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act of 1908 was a significant piece of legisla on that provided some relief to the Munda community. It recognized joint farming rights, protected the land rights of the tribal people, and banned prac ces like beth begari (forced labor), which were a source of immense hardship for the Mundas. Hence, op on D is correct. Q23. Arrange the following organiza ons/movements in the correct chronological order of their establishment: 1. All-India Kisan Sabha 2. Eka movement 3. UP Kisan Sabha 4. Awadh Kisan Sabha Select the correct op on using the code given below: A. 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 B. 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 C. 2 – 3 – 4 – 1 D. 3 – 4 – 2 – 1 Answer: D Explana on: 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]   UP Kisan Sabha (1918): The United Provinces Kisan Sabha, also known as UP Kisan Sabha, was established in 1918 by Gauri Shankar Misra and Madan Mohan Malaviya. It was formed in response to the economic hardships faced by farmers in the United Provinces (now U ar Pradesh) due to oppressive land revenue policies and high rents. The Sabha aimed to address the grievances of farmers, advoca ng for reduc ons in land revenue, rent, and other agrarian issues. This movement laid the groundwork for future peasant movements in the region.  Awadh Kisan Sabha (1920): The Awadh Kisan Sabha was founded in 1920 by Baba Ramchandra, an influen al leader of the peasant movement in the Awadh region of U ar Pradesh. The Sabha aimed to mobilize peasants against the exploita on of landlords, par cularly focusing on issues like high rents, forced labor, and oppressive prac ces like begar (unpaid labor). The movement gained significant trac on and played a crucial role in the broader struggle for agrarian rights in northern India.  Eka Movement (1921): The Eka Movement, also known as the Unity Movement, began in 1921 in the Hardoi district of U ar Pradesh. It was a grassroots peasant movement that focused on uni ng farmers of different castes and religions against oppressive landlords and revenue policies. The movement emphasized the need for fairer land revenue se lements and challenged the authority of landlords. Although it was primarily a rural movement, it garnered widespread support from the peasantry, contribu ng to the broader agrarian unrest of the period.  All-India Kisan Sabha (1936): The All-India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was formed in 1936 during the Lucknow session of the Indian Na onal Congress. It was established as the first na onwide organiza on dedicated to represen ng the interests of farmers and peasants across India. The AIKS aimed to address issues such as land reforms, the aboli on of landlordism, fair prices for crops, and the overall be erment of the agricultural community. It played a crucial role in shaping the agrarian policies of the Indian freedom struggle and post-independence India. Hence, op on D is correct. Q24. Consider the following statement with reference to the policies of the Bri sh a er the Revolt of 1857: 1. The zamindars were used as a counter-weight against the na onalist-minded intelligentsia. 2. Army followed the policy of careful recruitment and the size of the army was also increased. 3. The older policy of excluding Indians from the officer corps was abolished. 4. Caste loyal es were encouraged among the soldiers. How many of the above statements is/are correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. Only three D. All four Answer: C Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: A er the revolt of 1857, the Bri sh turned to the princes, zamindars, and landlords for friendship. They were seen as a conserva ve group that could help maintain stability and act as a check on the 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]  rising na onalist movements. The Bri sh tried to placate them by restoring lands and recognizing their leadership, using them as a counterbalance to the more forward-looking educated Indians.  Statement 2 is correct: Following the revolt, the Bri sh recognized the need for a larger and more robust military presence in India to maintain control and prevent future uprisings. They increased the size of the army by recrui ng more soldiers. Most of the recruitment were done from the ‘mar al’ races of Punjab, Nepal, and north-western fron er who had proved loyal to the Bri sh during the Revolt. The propor on of Europeans to Indians in the army was raised and fixed at one to two in the Bengal Army and two to five in the Madras and the Bombay armies.  Statement 3 is not correct: Despite some minor reforms and limited inclusion of Indians in lower ranks, the Bri sh maintained their policy of excluding Indians from higher-ranking posi ons within the military officer corps even a er the revolt. Un l 1914, no Indian could rise higher than the rank of a subedar, indica ng that Indians were s ll not allowed to hold higher ranks in the officer corps.  Statement 4 is correct: The Indian regiments were made a mixture of various castes and groups which were so placed as to balance each other. Communal, caste, tribal, and regional loyal es were encouraged among the soldiers so that the sen ment of na onalism would not grow among them. It was isolated from na onalist ideas by every possible means. Newspapers, journals, and na onalist publica ons were prevented from reaching the soldiers. Hence, op on C is correct. Q25. Consider the following statements with reference to Santhal Rebellion: 1. It evolved into an an -Bri sh rebellion. 2. The Santhals declared the area between Bhagalpur and Rajmahal as autonomous. 3. The land on which Santhals were living was declared as Damin-i-Koh. 4. The rebellion ended with a mutual treaty between the East India Company and Santhals. Which of the above statements are correct? A. 1, 2 and 4 only B. 2, 3 and 4 only C. 1, 2 and 3 only D. 1, 3 and 4 only Answer: C Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: The Santhal rebellion against the zamindars started due to con nued oppression of the Santhals. Santhals were agricultural people, who had fled to se le in the plains of the Rajmahal hills (Bihar). The rebellion later turned into an an -Bri sh movement.  Statement 2 is correct: Under Sidhu and Kanhu, the Santhals proclaimed an end to Company rule, and declared the area between Bhagalpur and Rajmahal as autonomous.  Statement 3 is correct: The Santhals were given land and persuaded to se le in the foothills of Rajmahal. By 1832, a large area of land was demarcated as Damin-i-Koh. This was declared to be the land of the Santhals. They 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]  were to live within it, prac ce plough agriculture, and become se led peasants. A er the demarca on of Damin- i-Koh, Santhal se lements expanded rapidly.  Statement 4 is not correct: The rebellion was suppressed by Bri shers in 1856. It was only in 1856 a er extensive military opera ons that the situa on was brought under control. Sidhu died in 1855, while Kanhu was arrested in 1866. A separate district of Santhal Parganas was created by the Government to pacify the Santhals. Hence, op on C is correct. Q26. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Indigo Revolt of 1859? 1. The intelligentsia’s role in the Indigo Revolt was to have an abiding impact on the emerging na onalist intellectuals. 2. ‘The Hindu Patriot’ played an important role in this movement. 3. Dinabandhu Mitra’s play, “Neel Darpan”, portrayed the oppression by the indigo planters. Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3 Answer: D Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: During the Indigo Revolt, the intelligentsia of Bengal played a significant role in suppor ng the rebellious peasants. They organized a powerful campaign that included ac vi es such as carrying out newspaper campaigns, organizing mass mee ngs, preparing memoranda on the peasants’ grievances, and suppor ng them in their legal ba les. This ac ve involvement of the intelligentsia was not just a short-term contribu on to the revolt but had a las ng impact. It influenced and inspired emerging na onalist intellectuals, highligh ng the power of collec ve ac on against oppression and contribu ng to the growth of na onalist sen ments in India.  Statement 2 is correct: The Hindu Patriot, a newspaper edited by Harish Chandra Mukherji, played a crucial role in the Indigo Revolt. Mukherji published regular reports from his correspondents in rural areas, which highlighted the oppression faced by the peasants at the hands of the indigo planters. These reports helped to raise awareness about the plight of the peasants and the injus ces they were facing. Addi onally, Mukherji wrote passionately and knowledgeably about the issue, eleva ng it to a high poli cal level. The newspaper's coverage and advocacy contributed significantly to the visibility and support for the peasant movement.  Statement 3 is correct: Dinabandhu Mitra's play, "Neel Darpan" (The Indigo Mirror), became famous for vividly portraying the oppression faced by the peasants under the indigo planters. The play depicted the harsh and exploita ve prac ces of the planters, highligh ng the suffering of the peasants who were forced to grow indigo against their will. Through its powerful portrayal of the peasants' struggles, the play not only raised awareness about the issue but also contributed to the broader discourse on colonial oppression and exploita on in India. Hence, op on D is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q27. Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The revolt of 1857 was primarily concentrated in the regions of Northern and Central India. Statement-II: The Bri sh had no control over the regions of Southern India that extended beyond Hyderabad. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? A. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explana on for Statement-I. B. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explana on for Statement-I. C. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect. D. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct. Answer: C Explana on:  Statement-I is correct: The revolt of 1857, also known as the Great Indian Rebellion of 1857, was a significant uprising against Bri sh rule in India. It began in Meerut on May 10, 1857, and quickly spread to other parts of Northern and Central India, including Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Agra, Jhansi, and many other ci es and towns. These regions had a large concentra on of sepoys and were areas with simmering discontent towards Bri sh rule. While there were some instances of rebellion in the south, they were not as widespread or intense as those in the north and central regions.  Statement-II is not correct: The Bri sh East India Company had established control over significant parts of Southern India by the mid-19th century. By the me of the revolt of 1857, the Bri sh had already annexed several regions and princely states in Southern India through various trea es, alliances, and military conquests. By 1857, they had control over major parts of South India, including areas beyond Aurangabad (a city in present- day Maharashtra). It included regions like Madras (Chennai), Mysore (Karnataka), and Hyderabad. While there might have been pockets of resistance in the south, the Bri sh had a significant power. Hence, op on C is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q28. With the reference to Civil/Tribal uprisings, Majnum Shah, Chirag Ali Shah, Musa Shah and Bhawani Pathak were associated with which of the following revolt/ Rebellion? A. Cutch Rebellion B. Paika Rebellion C. Sanyasi Revolt D. Ahom Revolt Answer: C Explana on: Sanyasi Revolt:  Majnum Shah (or Majnu Shah), Chirag Ali, Musa Shah, Bhawani Pathak and Devi Chaudhurani were important leaders Sanyasi Revolt.  The disastrous famine of 1770 and the harsh economic order of the Bri sh compelled a group of sanyasis in Eastern India to fight the Bri sh yoke.  Originally, there were evicted peasants, they were soon joined by small zamindars, disbanded soldiers and rural poor.  Equal par cipa on of Hindus and Muslims was a characteris c feature of this uprising.  Anandamath, a semi-historical novel by Bankim Chandra Cha opadhyay, is based on it. Bankim Chandra also wrote a novel, Devi Chaudhurani, as he saw the importance of women taking up the struggle against an alien rule Hence, op on C is correct. Q29. Consider the following statements with reference to Ramosi Revolt: 1. The Ramosis were originally nomadic tribal communi es under the Maratha rulers. 2. The primary reason behind the revolt was the Bri sh policy of banning human sacrifice. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: A Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: The Ramosis or Berads were a Nomadic tribal community present in Central India. Before establishment of the East India Company rule over much of Maharashtra, they worked for the Maratha rulers who entrusted them with night patrolling and guarding the forts; in return, they were allowed to collect taxes from specific villages.  Statement 2 is not correct: A er the Marathas were replaced by the East India Company, the right of the Ramosis to collect taxes was denied, which led to the Ramosi revolt. Hence, op on A is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q30. Consider the following statements: 1. He became acharya at Brahmo Samaj in 1858. 2. He was instrumental in popularising the Brahmo Samaj Movement outside Bengal. 3. He preached radical ideas for social reforms like openly suppor ng inter-caste marriages. Which of the following personali es is being referred to in the above given statements? A. Keshab Chandra Sen B. Debendranath Tagore C. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar D. Anand Mohan Bose Answer: A Explana on: Keshab Chandra Sen:  Keshab Chandra Sen was born in Kolkata to a wealthy family. A er his father died when he was young, he was raised by his uncle. Sen’s grandfather, Ramkamal Sen, was a prominent Bengali figure who served as the Asia c Society’s first Indian secretary and made significant contribu ons to educa on and linguis c studies.  Keshab Chandra Sen joined the Brahmo Samaj in 1857. By 1858, he became the central figure of the organisa on. He was a brilliant orator and organiser and was a prominent leader of the organisa on.  He earned fame as an orator on religious themes and as an organizer of branches of the Brahmo Samaj throughout India. Around 31 branches of the Samaj were established between 1857 and 1866.  Keshab gave new life to Brahmo Samaj introducing new ideas and ac vi es in it between 1858 and 1862. In 1859, he set up the Brahmo School where weekly lectures were delivered and were greatly popular with the rising genera on.  In 1860, he organized Sangat Sabha, a society of fellow believers to promote mutual spiritual intercourse among its members. In the same year, he began publishing tracts which was the trumpet call of the new Brahmanism and the first chapter was called, “Young Bengal, this is for you”.  In 1861, he started The Indian Mirror, an organ of the Brahma Samaj through which he spread an -sectarian, universal religious ideas. He introduced regular and systema c missionary work in the Samaj.  A er being appointed the Acharya (Preceptor) in 1862, he focused on the extension of missionary work voluntarily.  He was also conferred with the tle of Brahmananda – meaning ‘one whose delight is God’ by Devendranath Tagore.  As the Acharya of the Samaj, Keshab insisted on giving up some Hindu customs and prac ces such as the caste system, untouchability, child marriage, and polygamy and became the champion of widow and inter-caste marriages.  Under his leadership, many young Brahmos gave up the prac ce of wearing the paita (sacred thread). It was during his leadership that the first Brahma widow and inter-caste marriages took place in August 1862 and 1864 respec vely Hence, op on A is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q31. ‘The Aitchison Commission’ of 1886 was appointed to make recommenda ons for reforms in the: A. Armed forces B. Famine C. Civil services D. Agriculture Answer: C Explana on:  The Aitchison Commission (Public Service Commission) was set up in 1886 under the chairmanship of Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison, the lieutenant governor of Punjab, to examine the circumstances under which Indians could be appointed to higher posts in public service previously reserved for Europeans.  The commission made the following recommenda ons with regards to civil service: o The maximum age of entry in Civil Services was fixed at 23. o Statutory Civil Services was to be abolished. o Simultaneous examina ons in England and India were to be stopped. o Certain percentage of posts in the imperial civil service should be filled by promo on of the members of provincial civil service. Hence, op on C is correct. Q32. Consider the following statements with respect to Delhi Durbar held during Bri sh India: 1. There were a total of three Delhi Durbars held during the Bri sh Raj. 2. ‘Queen Elizabeth’ was declared as the Empress of India (Kaiser-e-Hind) during first Delhi Durbar. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: A Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: There were a total of three Delhi Durbars were held during Bri sh India. Three Delhi Durbars 1877 Lord Ly on Queen Victoria (1837-1901) Did not a end in person 1903 Lord Curzon King Edward VII (1900-1910) Did not a end in person 1911 Lord Hardinge King George V (1910-1936) Most spectacular of all as A ended the event in person.  Statement 2 is not correct: Lord Ly on introduced Royal Title Act in 1876 and on its basis in the First Delhi Durbar of 1877, the Queen Victoria (not Queen Elizabeth) was declared as the Empress of India (Kaiser-e-Hind). Hence, op on A is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q33. Consider the following commissions during Bri sh rule in India: 1. Woodhead Commission 2. James Lyall commission 3. Strachey Commission 4. George Campbell commission How many of the above commissions was/were related to famines in India? A. Only one B. Only two C. Only three D. All four Answer: D Explana on:  George Campbell commission: In 1866, the Bri sh government appointed the George Campbell Commission to inves gate the causes of famine in Odisha. It recommended that government should undertake relief measure to help famine affected people, steps to be taken for employment genera on.  Strachey Commission: Great famine of 1876-78 was the most grievous calamity experienced since the beginning of the 19th century. Affected Madras, Bombay, U ar Pradesh & Punjab and about 5 million people perished in a year. The Government made half-hearted efforts to help the famine stricken. In 1880, Ly on appointed a commission under Richard Strachey to formulate general principles and suggest measures of preven ve or protec ve character.  Lyall Commission: It was appointed by Lord d Elgin-II in 1897 with Sir James Lyall as its chairman during Deccan famine. This commission suggested building irriga on infrastructure.  The Woodhead Commission, was appointed by the Government of Bri sh India in 1944 to inves gate the 1943 Bengal famine. Recommenda ons of the commission were: o The Department of food and agriculture should be merged. o All India food council should be established. o Steps should be taken for the produc on of food grains. Hence, op on D is correct. Q34. With reference to economy during Bri sh India, ‘Home charges’ were consis ng of: 1. Salary of the official working in London for India. 2. Pension to the re red Bri sh officers. 3. Interest on government loans. 4. Amount which was spent in Britain for military purchase for the Indian army. Select the correct answer using the codes given below. A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 1, 2, 3 and 4 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] C. 2 and 3 only D. 1 and 4 only Answer: B Explana on:  The drain of wealth from India to England was much more than the Bri sh investment in India. A substan al amount from India was regularly transferred to Britain in the form of home charges.  It refers to expenditure carried out by the Company (upto 1858) and by Bri sh Indian government (a er 1858) in London on behalf of India. It was the amount that the Bri sh Indian government was liable to pay to the Bri sh government and the private Bri sh capitalist.  It consisted of many items such as: o Dividend - paid by the company to the shareholders (before 1858) o Administra ve expenditure:  Salary of the official working in London for India (E.g.- Secretary of Office charges)  Excessive employment of European was another cause of drain because their salary and other allowances were very high when compared with Indians.  Pension to the re red Bri sh officers etc. o Investment - paid on loans raised abroad. E.g. Guaranteed profit of railways (major one), shipping, planta ons etc. o Loan - Interest on government loans o Military expenditure:  Amount which was spent in Britain for military purchase for the Indian army and its use outside India. Indian army working for Bri sh colonial interests outside India but was paid by India. E.g.- Persian Gulf Aden Port, in Africa Zanzibar – two important naval bases both paid by India.  The wars and ba les fought by Indian soldiers for the benefit of Britain also incurred huge expenditure. Afghan wars, Burma wars and WW1 and 2 fought by Indian soldiers were financial out of Indian revenue. Hence, op on B is correct. Q35. Consider the following statements with respect to nature of peasant movements a er 1857: 1. The struggles were directed towards redressal of specific and limited grievances. 2. The peasants developed a strong awareness of their legal rights. 3. Colonialism was the main target of these movements. How many of the statements given above is/are correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: B 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: Peasant movements a er 1857 were o en localized and focused on immediate issues like high rents, illegal levies, evic ons, etc. They were primarily concerned with economic hardships rather than a broader an -colonial agenda.  Statement 2 is correct: The peasants used peaceful methods to protest the. The peasants developed a strong awareness of their legal rights and asserted them in and outside the courts.  Statement 3 is not correct: The movements were directed against the immediate enemies of the peasant— foreign planters and indigenous zamindars and moneylenders. o Colonialism was not the main target of these movements. Hence, op on B is correct. Q36. With reference to tribal and peasant revolt the term ‘Dikus’ was/were used for which of the following? 1. Local Peasants 2. Outsider Landlords 3. Bri sh Officials 4. Chris an Missionaries Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 2, 3 and 4 only D. 3 and 4 only Answer: C Explana on: The term 'Dikus' was primarily used by tribal and peasant popula ons in India to refer to landlords, moneylenders, thekedars and missionaries and European government officials, who o en exploited them. They were usually from different regions or communi es and were seen as outsiders encroaching upon their land and livelihoods. Hence, op on C is correct. Q37. Bankim Chandra Cha erjee's famous novel 'Anand Math' is based on which of the following revolt? A. Chuar revolt B. Ramosi Revolt C. Champaran Movement D. Sanyasi revolt Answer: D Explana on: 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]   Bankim Chandra Cha erjee, the famous composer of 'Vande Matram' in his famous wri ng 'Anand Math' detailed about the Sanyasi Rebellion that broke out during 1763-1800. Another novel Devi Chaudhurani also men ons the revolt.  Sanyasi Revolt was a late-eighteenth-century rebellion in the Murshidabad and Baikunthpur forests of Jalpaiguri, Bengal. The Sanyasi Rebellion is also known as the name monk rebellion. The Sanyasi Revolt was led by Pandit Bhabani Charan Pathak. Hence, op on D is correct. Q38. With reference to the Deccan riots in the 1870s, consider the following statements: 1. It was aimed at overthrowing the Bri sh rule in India. 2. The civil war in America was one of the prime factors for the Deccan rebellion of the 1870s. 3. It was brutally suppressed and completely failed to achieve its objec ves. How many of the statements given above is/are correct: A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: A Explana on:  Statement 1 is not correct: The ryots of Deccan region of western India suffered heavy taxa on under the Ryotwari system. Here again the peasants found themselves trapped in a vicious network with the moneylender as the exploiter and the main beneficiary. These moneylenders were mostly outsiders - Marwaris or Gujara s. So, the peasant rose in revolt against moneylenders (not against Bri shers).  Statement 2 is correct: The condi ons had worsened due to a crash in co on prices due the end of the American civil war in 1864 (a er short-lived boom), the Government's decision to raise the land revenue by 30% in 1867, and a succession of bad harvests.  Statement 3 is not correct: In 1874-75, the growing tension between the moneylenders, and the peasants resulted in a social boyco movement organised by the ryots against the "outsider" moneylenders. As a result, the Deccan Riots Commission was formed, and in 1878, it presented a report to the Bri sh Parliament. o The Agriculturists Relief Act was passed in 1879, ensuring that farmers could not be arrested and imprisoned if they could not pay their debts. Hence, op on A is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q39. Consider the following pairs: Revolt Region 1. Ho Revolt Chotanagpur region 2. Koya Rebellion Western ghats region 3. Dirang Movement Assam How many of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: A Explana on:  Pair 1 is not correct: Ho’s tribals revolted in 1820 at a place called Porahat, on the border of modern Orissa and West Bengal. Zamindars suppressed it with the help of company sepoys ll 1821-22. But the tribals had to make significant concessions in the agreement e.g. they had to accept the sovereignty of the company, agree to pay taxes to the zamindar, allow other communi es to se le in their villages, and let their children be taught Hindi or Odia.  Pair 2 is not correct: Koya Rebellion (1850s-70s) took place during 1879-80 in the eastern Godavari tract of present-day Andhra Pradesh and also affected some por ons of Malkangiri district in Orissa. Its hub was in the 'Rampa country' of Chodavaram where tribal Koya and Konda Sara hill chiefs had risen against their overlord, a mansabdar family that was in collusion with the Bri sh in 1803, 1840, 1845, 1858, 1861 and 1862.  Pair 3 is correct: In the Kamrup and Dirang areas of Assam, a new land revenue se lement system was rolled out in 1893-94 in which the land revenue rates were hiked 50 to 70 per cent. To face up to this challenge, rural councils were set up under the leadership of rural elites. In these councils, it was decided that the payment of land revenue would be stopped. In order to implement this decision on a significant scale, social boyco was also invoked so that whosoever went against this decision. An important feature of this movement was the method of protest through the system of Panchayat and Dhobi-Nai Bandh. This is perhaps the first instance of such a comprehensive social boyco. Hence, op on A is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q40. Consider the following statements with reference to Young Bengal Movement: 1. The movement wanted to promote the ideas of French revolu on. 2. They were successful in organizing peasant movements in Bengal. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: A Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: Drawing inspira on from the great French Revolu on, Henry Vivian Derozio inspired his pupils to think freely and ra onally, ques on all authority, love liberty, equality and freedom, and oppose decadent customs and tradi ons. The Derozians also supported women’s rights and educa on.  Statement 2 is not correct: The Derozians failed to have a long-term impact. The main reason for their limited success was the prevailing social condi ons at that me, which were not ripe for the adop on of radical ideas. Further, there was no support from any other social group or class. The Derozians lacked any real link with the masses; for instance, they failed to take up the peasants’ cause. o In fact, their radicalism was bookish in character. Their total faith in the Bri sh and in English educa on, their ra onalism and scien sm derived from the West set them apart from the masses of Indians. Hence, op on A is correct. Q41. Who was the founder of ‘Indian Reform Associa on’? A. Devendra Nath Tagore B. Keshab Chandra Sen C. Raja Ram Mohan Roy D. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Answer: B Explana on:  The Indian Reform Associa on was formed on 29 October 1870 with Keshab Chandra Sen as president. It represented the secular side of the Brahmo Samaj and included many who did not belong to the Brahmo Samaj.  The objec ve was to put into prac ce some of the ideas Sen was exposed to during his visit to Great Britain. Hence, op on B is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q42. The famous “Mayo’s Resolu on” of 1870 is related to which of the following? A. Press B. Agriculture C. Educa onal reforms D. Financial decentralisa on Answer: D Explana on: Mayo’s Resolu on:  The famous Mayo’s resolu on of 1870 gave impetus to the development of local ins tu ons by enlarging their powers and responsibili es through ‘financial decentraliza on.’ It introduced the concept of elected representa ves, in urban municipali es.  The revolt of 1857 had put the imperial finances under considerable strain, and it was found necessary to finance local services out of local taxa on. Therefore, it was out of fiscal compulsion that Lord Mayo’s resolu on on decentraliza on came to be adopted. Hence, op on D is correct. Q43. With reference to All India Kisan Sabha, consider the following statements: 1. It was founded in the Lucknow session of Congress in 1936. 2. Swami Sahajanand was elected the President, and N.G. Ranga was the secretary of the Sabha. Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: D Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: All India Kisan Sabha is an important peasant movement founded in 1936 by Sahajanand Saraswa during the Indian Na onal Congress Lucknow Session 1936. The All-India Kisan Congress in Lucknow later it was changed its name to the All-India Kisan Sabha.  Statement 2 is correct: Swami Sahajanand, the militant founder of the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (1929), was elected the President, and NG Ranga, the pioneer of the Kisan Movement in Andhra and a renowned scholar of the agrarian problem, was the General Secretary. Hence, op on D is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q44. Consider the following statements about the Indian Councils Act, 1861: 1. It gave recogni on to the por olio system introduced by Canning in 1859. 2. It provided the Imperial Legisla ve Council with the power to discuss budget. 3. The Viceroy had the power to promulgate ordinances without the council’s concurrence during emergencies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3 Answer: C Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: Lord Canning introduced the 'por olio system' and laid the founda on of 'cabinet government' in India. In it, a member of Viceroy Council was made in charge of one or more Departments and could independently take decision and issue orders on the behalf of the Council. This procedure was legalized by the Indian Councils Act, 1861.  Statement 2 is not correct: Indian Councils Act of 1892 provided the Imperial Legisla ve Council with the power to discuss budget.  Statement 3 is correct: Viceroy was empowered to issue Ordinance without the consent of Legisla ve Council in case of emergency. This Ordinance was valid ll 6 months from the date of issue. Hence, op on C is correct. Q45. Consider the following statements with reference to the Tribal Uprisings under Bri sh India: 1. Restric ons to the Jhum cul va on led to a revolt by the tribesmen of the Rampa hill tracts. 2. Exorbitant revenue demand led to the Fituri revolt of the Rampa hill in 1879. 3. Leasing of lands to the outsiders became a major cause of the Santhal rebellion of 1855. How many of the above statements is/are NOT correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: A Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: The tribesmen relied on Jhum cul va on, also known as shi ing cul va on, for their livelihood. When the Bri sh imposed restric ons on this prac ce, it severely affected their way of life, leading to the revolt. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]   Statement 2 is not correct: The Fituri (revolt) of 1879 was actually triggered by the government's ban on brewing local liquor, which was an important source of nourishment for the tribesmen. It was not related to revenue demands.  Statement 3 is correct: The Santhal Hool, or the rebellion of the Santhal people in 1855-56, was in response to the increasing encroachment on their land by outsiders, facilitated by the Bri sh leasing lands to Zamindars and moneylenders. Hence, op on A is correct. Q46. Consider the following statements with reference to Brahmo Samaj: 1. Ini ally the appeal of the Brahmo Samaj had remained limited to the intellectuals and educa onally enlightened Bengalis living in the towns. 2. The orthodox Hindus, led by Raja Radhakant Deb, organised the Dharma Sabha with the object of countering the propaganda of the Brahmo Samaj. 3. Debendranath Tagore condemned idol worship, discouraged pilgrimages, ceremonials and penances among the Brahmos. How many of the above statements is/are correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: C Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: The Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Rammohan Roy, ini ally a racted intellectuals and educated Bengalis living in urban areas. This was due to its emphasis on monotheism, ra onality, and the rejec on of idol worship and caste dis nc ons, which appealed more to those who were exposed to modern educa on and ideas. He only wanted to purge Hinduism of the evil prac ces that had crept into it. Roy remained a devout Hindu ll the end if his life and always wore the sacred thread.  Statement 2 is correct: The Dharma Sabha was organized by orthodox Hindus, led by Raja Radhakant Deb, as a response to the growing influence of the Brahmo Samaj. They viewed the Brahmo Samaj's teachings as a threat to tradi onal Hindu prac ces and sought to counter its influence through their own organiza on.  Statement 3 is correct: Debendranath Tagore played a crucial role in revitalizing the Brahmo Samaj a er Rammohan Roy's death. Tagore worked on two fronts. Within Hinduism the Brahmo Samaj was a reformist movement, outside he resolutely opposed the Chris an missionaries for their cri cism of Hinduism and their a empts at conversion. Tagore condemned idol worship, discouraged pilgrimages, ceremonials and penances among the Brahmos. Under his leadership, branches of the Samaj were established in various towns and the Brahmo message spread in the countryside of Bengal. Hence, op on C is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q47. Consider the following statements regarding Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: 1. His efforts led to the enactment of the Widows’ Remarriage Reform Act of 1856. 2. He was instrumental for the crea on of modern Bengali script. 3. He wrote book ‘Bahubivah’ in protest of polygamy. How many of the above statements is/are correct? A. Only one B. Only two C. All three D. None Answer: C Explana on:  Statement 1 is correct: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar provided evidence from scriptures that there was no sanc on for burning of widows or for the prohibi on on the remarriage of widows. He dedicated his whole life for the be erment of the child widows of the Hindu society. The movement led by Vidyasagar, resulted in the Widows’ Remarriage Reform Act of 1856. This Act was intended to improve the lot of child widows and save them from perpetual widowhood.  Statement 2 is correct: Vidyasagar wrote the book 'Borno Parichay' which contributed to the development of modern Bengali script.  Statement 3 is correct: He wrote book ‘Bahubivah’ in protest of the evil of polygamy. Bahu (many or more than one)- bivah (marriage) meaning more than one marriage. Hence, op on C is correct. Q48. Consider the following statements about Ta vabodhini Sabha: 1. Ta vabodhini Sabha was founded by Keshab Chandra Sen in Calcu a. 2. A er some years, Ta vabodhini Sabha was incorporated into the Brahmo Samaj. 3. It was founded to propagate Rammohan Roy’s ideas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 3 only Answer: C Explana on:  Statement 1 is not correct: The Ta vabodhini Sabha was founded by Debendranath Tagore (father of Rabindranath Tagore) in Calcu a in 1839. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]   Statement 2 is correct: A er some years, Ta vabodhini Sabha was incorporated into the Brahmo Samaj. Debendranath Tagore gave a new life and vigour to the Brahmo Samaj. He gave definite form and shape to the movement.  Statement 3 is correct: Debendranath Tagore founded the Ta vabodhini Sabha to propagate Rammohun Roy’s ideas. The Ta vabodhini Sabha and its organ the Ta vabodhini Patrika promoted a systema c study of India’s past in the Bengali language and helped spread a ra onal outlook. Hence, op on C is correct. Q49. Consider the following statements about the Sa system in Modern India: 1. Sa was banned during the tenure of Governor General Lord Auckland. 2. Raja Ram Mohan played an important role in the aboli on of Sa. 3. The prac ce of Sa was made legal by Bengal Sa Regula on 1829. Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct? A. 1 and 3 only B. 2 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1 and 2 only Answer: A Explana on:  Statement 1 is not correct: Sa was banned in 1829 during the term of Governor General William Ben ck (1828- 1835).  Statement 2 is correct: Raja Ram Mohan Roy along with his supporters started fierce opposi on against Sa Prac ce in 1812. Raja Ram Mohan Roy took it on himself and used to visit crema on grounds and persuade women not to commit Sa. In his Sambad Kaumudi, he even showed that the Prac ce of Sa does not find men on in the Vedic literature.  Statement 3 is not correct: Aboli on of Sa was enforced by the Bri sh East India Company (EIC) by passing the Bengal Sa Regula on 1829. The prac ce of sa was made ‘illegal’ by this act. Hence, op on A is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected] Q50. Consider the following statements: Statement-I: During the period of Bri sh expansion in Asia, there was a significant drain of wealth from India. Statement-II: The Bri sh u lized the Indian army for their military campaigns and relied on high taxa on to finance their military opera ons. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? A. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explana on for Statement-I. B. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explana on for Statement-I. C. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect. D. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct. Answer: A Explana on:  Statement-I is correct: During the Bri sh expansion in Asia, there was a significant drain of wealth from India. It was highlighted by Dadabhai Naoroji's 'drain of wealth' theory, which he ar culated in his book ‘Poverty and Un-Bri sh Rule in India’. He argued that Bri sh colonial rule was exploi ng India economically, leading to a drain of wealth. He iden fied several factors contribu ng to this drain, including the payment of 'home charges' to cover the costs of the Bri sh civil administra on and military in India, the lack of immigra on to India which would bring labor and capital for economic growth, and the exploita on of India's resources and markets for the benefit of Britain.  Statement-II is correct: The Bri sh u lize the Indian army for their military campaigns, both within India and in other parts of the world where the Bri sh Empire was expanding. The maintenance of a large standing army, along with other aspects of Bri sh imperial policy, required significant financial resources. To finance these opera ons, the Bri sh relied in part on high taxa on in India, which contributed to the economic burden on the Indian popula on and the drain of wealth from the country. Hence, op on A is correct. 2nd Floor, 45 Pusa Road, Opp. Metro Pillar 128, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph: 08045248491, 7041021151 | Email: [email protected]