Stains PDF

lec.mt 04 |Page | 1  Stains Stain Substance Stained (+) Color/Result Comments PAS CHO, Glycogen, Mucins, PAS (+):Magenta red Basic fuchsin: essential...

lec.mt 04 |Page | 1  Stains Stain Substance Stained (+) Color/Result Comments PAS CHO, Glycogen, Mucins, PAS (+):Magenta red Basic fuchsin: essential Bacteria & Fungi, component of Schiff basement membrane reagent PAS w/ diastase ctrl Glycogen Red Method of choice for glycogen staining Best Carmine Glycogen Bright red Selective & highly specific for glycogen Langhan’s iodine method Glycogen Mahogany brown Obsolete Not specific for glycogen Alcian blue Acid mucins Blue Avoid celloidinization of slides Alcian Blue-PAS Any mucins Acid mucin: blue Avoid Ehrlich’s (acid/neutral) Neutral mucin: magenta hematoxylin Gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin Acid MPS Sulfated mucins: purple stain Sulfated mucins Carboxylated mucins: Carboxylated mucins blue Mucicarmine stain Cryptococcus neoformans Mucin: red Avoid Ehrlich’s Mucins hematoxylin Colloidal (Dialyzed) iron Acid mucins Dark blue technique Acridine orange Acid mucins/MPS Acid MPS: black Lasts for only 2 hrs Fungi Fungi: greenish red fluorescence Sudan black Lipids Blue black Sudan IV (Scharlach R) Lipids (TAG) red Most commonly used stain Oil red O Lipids Brilliant red Osmium tetroxide Lipids Black Nile blue sulfate method Neutral fat = Pinkish red Nile blue: preliminary Cholesterin esters = Light red indicator of the type of Cholesterin fatty acids = Light red lipid present Fatty acids & soap = Deep blue to violet -Red oxazone (dissol. Cerebrosides = Light blue neutral lipids) -Blue oxazone (reacts w/ PL and FFA) Toluidine blue-acetone mtd Sulfatide Metachromatic red- brown or yellow Borohydride-Periodic- Gangliosides Red Schiff method Alkaline fast-green method Histones Green Fast green stains basic Protamines groups in tissues Peracetic acid-Alcian blue Cystine Blue-green Cysteine Sakaguchi’s test Arginine Orange-red Uses Milton reagent Gomori calcium method Alkaline phosphatase Brownish-black Gomori lead method Acid phosphatase Black Substrate: β-glyceroPO4 Lead method 5’-nucleotidase Blackish brown deposits Metal precipitation ATPase Dark brownish-black ppt For skel. muscle biopsies Calcium cobalt method ATPase Cobalt phosphate ppt For skel. muscle biopsies α-naphthyl acetate method Nonspecific esterase Reddish brown lec.mt 04 |Page | 2  Stain Substance Stained (+) Color/Result Comments Indoxyl acetate method Nonspecific esterase Blue Tetrazolium method Monoamine oxidase Bluish black Feulgen technique DNA Red-purple Most reliable & specific histochemical staining technique for DNA Contains Schiff’s reagent Methyl green-pyronin RNA RNA (nucleoli): red DNA DNA (chromatin): green Gomori’s silver Reticulin fibers black Reticulin = Argyrophilic impregnation stain (silver stain) Van Gieson’s stain Collagen = Pink/deep red Contains acid fuchsin & Muscle, cytoplasm, RBC, = Yellow picric acid fibrin Masson’s trichrome stain Collagen & mucus = Blue Muscle, RBC & keratin = Red Mallory’s aniline blue Collagen fibers, = Red (-) Fuchsin: Excellent & cytoplasm, fibroglia colorful method of fibrils, axon cylinders, demonstrating CT fibers neuroglia Elastic fibers = Pale pink/yellow RBCs, myelin sheets = Yellow Azocarmine CT Heidenhain’s Glomerular basement modification of Mallory’s membrane aniline blue stain Amyloid & mucous = Deep blue colloid Weigert’s Elastic fibers Dark-blue/blue-black Verhoeff’s Elastic fibers Black Taenzer-Unna-Orcein mtd Elastic fibers Dark-brown Krajian’s technique Elastic fibers = Bright red Rapid method Fibrin & CT = Dark blue RBC = Orange-yellow Martius-Scarlet-Blue RBCs = Yellow Early fibrin = yellow Muscle = Red Old fibrin = blue Collagen = Blue Fibrin = Red Mallory’s PTAH Fibrin, muscle striations, = Dark blue neuroglia, amoeba RBCs = Blue Myelin = Lighter blue Collagen, osteoid, = Deep brownish-red cartilage, elastic fibers Congo red Amyloid Red Methyl violet-crystal violet Amyloid Purplish red method Thioflavin-T fluorescent Amyloid Yellow fluorescence staining Modified Gomori’s Muscle fibers = Red Trichrome stain Collagen = Green Lissamine fast red Muscles, RBC = Red Collagen = Yellow lec.mt 04 |Page | 3  Stain Substance Stained (+) Color/Result Comments Schmorl’s Picro-Thionin Lacunae & canaliculi = Dark brown-black method Bone matrix = Yellow/brownish- yellow Bielschowsky’s technique Neurofibril, axons & = Black on a grayish BG dendrites Neuroglia & collagen = Lightly stained Bodian’s stain Nerve fibers & nerve Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s endings disease Sevier-Munger technique Peripheral neuritis = Black Axons = Black Myelin sheath = Light brown Neuritic plaques & = Black tangles Argentaffin granules = Black Toluidine blue Nissl granules & nucleoli Deep blue Polychrome methylene blue Nissl granules & nucleoli Deep blue Thionine Nissl granuls & nucleoli Purple Cresyl fast violet Nissl substance = Purple-dark blue Nissl granules: a.k.a. Neurons = Pale purple blue Tigroid substances Weigert-Pal technique Myelin sheath Blue black Luxol fast blue Myelin Blue-green Weil’s method Myelin Black Cajal’s gold sublimate Astrocytes Black on a light method brownish BG Perl’s Prussian blue Hemosiderin Deep blue Gomori’s Prussian blue Iron pigments Bright blue Turnbull’s blue Ferrous iron Blue (Hemosiderin) Benzidine-nitroprusside Hemoglobin & oxidase Dark blue stain granules Mod. Fouchet’s technique Bile pigments Emerald to blue green Gmelin technique Bile & hematoidin Blue-purple then green Stein’s iodine test Bile pigments Depend on the oxidation of the pigment to green biliverdin by iodine Schmorl’s ferric Bile, lipofuscins, Dark blue ferricyanide method melanin, argentaffin cells, chromaffin, thyroid colloid Gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin Lipofuscin Purple Mallory’s fuchsin stain Hemofuscin Red Masson Fontana technique Melanin = Black Argentaffin reaction: Argentaffin cell granules = Black melanin reduces ammoniacal silver solutions w/o use of a reducer Von Kossa’s silver nitrate Calcium Black method Lindquist modified Copper Red to orange-red rhodanine technique lec.mt 04 |Page | 4  Stain Substance Stained (+) Color/Result Comments Gram-Twort stain Gram (+) organisms = Blue-black Gram (-) organisms = Pink-red RBCs = Green Elastic fibers = Black Brown & Brenn method Gram (+) bacteria = Blue Gram (-) bacteria = Red Wade-Fite technique M. leprae Golden yellow Toluidine blue H. pylori Dark blue against blue BG Cresyl violet acetate mtd H. pylori Blue-violet Dieterle method L. pneumophila & Dark brown to black spirochetes Levaditi’s method Spirochetes Black on a yellowish BG Modified Steiner & Steiner Spirochetes, Donovan Black technique bodies, fungi, bacteria Warthin-Starry method Spirochetes Black Grocott Methenamine Silver Fungi = Sharply outlined I black Mucin & glycogen = Gray-black Mycelia & hyphae = Old rose RBCs = Yellow Lendrum’s phloxine- Viral inclusions Bright red tartrazine method Orcein method HBsAg Brown-black Giemsa stain Bacteria = Blue Recommended for blood Mast cell granules = Deep blue and BM parasites, Eosinophilic granules = Red inclusion conjunctivitis, Nuclei = Blue Toxoplasma, spirochetes Cytoplasm = Pink & other bacteria lec.mt 04 |Page | 5