Memory and Attention Week 8 Fall 2024 PDF

Week 8 Thursday, October 24, 2024 12:36 PM Fall 2024 - PSYC3330... - Semantic- independent of spatial/temporal context of which u learned it Memory and Attention Page 1 ...

Week 8 Thursday, October 24, 2024 12:36 PM Fall 2024 - PSYC3330... - Semantic- independent of spatial/temporal context of which u learned it Memory and Attention Page 1  - U can have a deficit in one and not the other - Double dissociation - They are interdependent tho and rely on each other to some extent - What part of memory? - Episodic buffer - pulls info from five senses - Working memory - How is info stored in ltm? - Features Superordinate associated w/ it Ordinate - base level - higher order node (animals) - Immediate (specific: birds/fish) - Lower Subordinate - Stronger association u recall it quicker/easier - Patterns suggest brain organizes info that minimizes amount of storage needed - Box? Container? - Multiple observations to get 2 conclusion Memory and Attention Page 2 - Organized in terms of semantic relatedness instead of separate categories - Very strong (shorter lines) - Weaker associations (longer lines btwn) - The time it takes to connect concept is faster for typical things regarding that category - Cold/hot cup priming - Spreading activation and activates concepts u wouldn’t expect - Competent? Intelligence? - Speed + accuracy while naming concepts - Superordinate-"Furniture" - ordinate - "chair" - Subordinate- "easy chair" - Each level gets more specific - Easiest way to categorize things Memory and Attention Page 3  - Recalled using episodic buffer - Multi modal nodes that respond 2 sensory systems and even abstract concepts - Halle berry cat woman --> respond to her hidden face + name when written down - Difficulty naming animals, but not nonliving objects - Brain maps r related 2 these concepts and similar to sensory - Categories are distinctive: one living one non living maps - Connection is bi directional Memory and Attention Page 4  - Order in which things occur - Mostly activated, coordinates of other areas puts concepts into the schemas/sequences of events Memory and Attention Page 5 - Look @ searching, activation patterns, reinstatement, post retrieval monitoring - Eg. Mc- recognizing - Short answer - reconstructive - Reconstructive - more intentional - Reconsolidation - Internal cue - top down - External - bottom uo Memory and Attention Page 6  - Interference resolution - Thinking about ur target, other associations are there too - Inhibit interference that arise from competing memory traces - Super additive - Improves recall Memory and Attention Page 7  - If target memory was weakly encoded in the first place - Even strong retrieval cue wont activate memory trace - Hippocampus + medial temporal lobes were engaged heavily - Brain areas show greater activates for items remembered later - Greater activity, greater encoded, greater strength - Multitasking/divided attention affects strength - Recall item - First initial recall: able to recall a number of items - Recall in same perspective/diff perspective - Homeowner/burglar - Changing per. Increased number of items recalled - Stayed in same category: couldn’t recall more items Why does this happen? - Change the emotion/intensity etc vividness of perception - Cognitive state of mind - orients mind to active retrieval - If ur asked to think about something etc - Better match btwn category and target, better retrieval - Sometimes memoreis bubbles in ur mind - No intention to recall them - Short answers, fill in the blanks, on midterm etc, you have to write it down, fill in the gaps with ur own memory - Rereading question can help you - Read over your short answer (post retrieval monitoring) - Mc, true or false questions etc - Guessing/process of elimination Memory and Attention Page 8  - Compared the 2 modes of retrieval - Faces of famous people from prior decades - reconstruction - recontruction - Patients with frontal lobe damage had deficits in reconstructing memory - Did poor on first few tests - More cues = better recalls - Damage 2 frontal lobe has impact on ability 2 reconstruct memory - Coordinate info from other lobes, gets transferred, damage to hippocampus impedes that - Showed faces and asked to reconstruct - Shown faces + given a hint (cue) - Given a mc test, choose name from list names - Correct answer "hit" and four distractors - Activating og memory trace - Memory traces have strength values based on activation level - familiarity varies w/ attention during encoding - Familiarity related 2 strength - attention is important!!! - Model assume familiarity of a set of items has a normal distribution - Old/new items, lures, targets have their own familiarity distribution Memory and Attention Page 9 - These two processes after retrieval either strengthening/weakening memory trace - Process of retrieval renders a memory more liable/modifiable temporarily during reactivation - New info can be incorporated - Another form of learning - Doesn’t mean memory is destroyed/forgotten - Modified so it reflects a new form of memory - Competing with original memory trace - Go through extinction process - Cs-us association is unlearned - New memory trace is formed when u unlearn - "oh im not going to get food" when bell keeps ringing - Pavlovs dog - Retrieval test - Successful conditioning, the conditioned response being salivating when the bell rings - How strong is that extinction learning memory? - That can be extinguished by repeatedly ringing the bell - Good retrieval = little response - During repetitive learning, can take longer to acquire association - Original memory stronger one, outcompetes the - Takes less time to extinguish second extinction learning memory Memory and Attention Page 10  - Remerges after og cues - Specifically changing context - Passage of time - Relearning again - U relearn quicker Memory and Attention Page 11  - Three keys area of the brain that are active during extinction learning - Integrates info Context/environment important about cs w/ in process of extinction learning contextual info - Imp: individual is in og from hippocampus context - Determines - Which association is extinction retrieval stronger? (og memory or extinction trace) - This example is for fear conditioning - Amygdala stores both extinction + conditioning (acquisition of og memory) - Opposite - Increase of spines/branching - Chronic stress can trigger reinstatement of og memory - Can also erect extinction learning - Decreased dendritic branching/spines Memory and Attention Page 12 - Blocking, distractors, try too hard for retrieval, memory paradox - Making lists, specific in plans 2 achieve goals, external memory aids - Answer can bubble up to the surface sometimes - U and ur friend are showed a picture - Ur told: person is a baker - Friend: person's last name is baker - Few days later: shown same picture, describe what u were told about person - Whos more likely to reconstruct info? - Ur more likely to recall correctly because of the association with the occupation - Occupation is imageable Memory and Attention Page 13  - Unique sensory experiences fade away over time unless u engage them - Important to review material Short answer will most likely be drawing synaptic plasticity/process from week 6 Memory and Attention Page 14