Nursing Exercises PDF

Body mechanics Definition:  It is coordinate use of body parts to produce motion and maintain equilibrium in relation to internal and external forces. Purpose: 1. Maintain good body alignment & balance. 2. Prevent undue muscle strain. 3. Prevent fatigue & deformities “kypho...

Body mechanics Definition:  It is coordinate use of body parts to produce motion and maintain equilibrium in relation to internal and external forces. Purpose: 1. Maintain good body alignment & balance. 2. Prevent undue muscle strain. 3. Prevent fatigue & deformities “kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis”. 4. Promote physiological function of body. 5. Prevent& reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injury. Factor affecting body alignment & activity: 1. Growth& development. 2. Physical health. 3. Mental health. ِ ‫َﺗ‬ 4. Nutrition..‫ﻐﺬ َﻳﺔ‬ How to stand: Nursing action Rationale 1- stand erect with head high & chin pointed -for more stability. slightly downward in midline. 2- move chest upward& forward & shoulder -for more stability. back parallel to hip. 3- Vertebral column is upright & spine curve is within normal. -to maintain good back posture. 4- arms are hung comfortably at sides. 5- tighten your abdominal muscles upward & -to promote comfort. buttocks down ward. -to promote comfort. 6- keep knee straight but relaxed -to promote comfort. “Knee locked position”. 7-keep feet slightly apart with toes pointed straight forward ahead. How to walk:  Nursing action Rationale 1- waik with body aligned as the way when -To ensure good body alignment & standing. balance. 2- keep feet parallel & close together. 3- push forward with back foot in an even, -To maintain balance. rhythmic, stride, heel first then outside part of the sole & then forefoot. -To maintain balance. 4- swing arms easily as walk. How to sit: Nursing action Rationale 1- Sit with head erect, neck, & vertebral column are straight& aligned. 2- Sit with your back straight against the chair. -to prevent strain on back muscles. 3- The thighs are parallel& in horizontal plane, supported by the -To prevent pressure on popliteal artery. chair seat as far as the curve of the knees. 4- Sit with both feet flat on the floor. - To maintain comfort & prevent 5- The forearm is supported on the arm dependent edema. rest of the chair or on the table in front of chair. NB: When you must sit for long time, choose affirm erect chair & change your position frequently. How to lie down & get up Nursing action Rationale 1- Sleep on affirm mattress, it should -To keep body in correct alignment. support all body parts equally. 2- When rising, swing leg off the edge of - To prevent orthostatic hypotension. the bed, then push with the both arms to assume a sitting position. NB: Sagging mattress can cause backaches so never “throw” your self from laying position to standing one to prevent orthostatic hypotension. How to reach an object: A-Lifting an object from a shelf above shoulder level : Nursing action Rational 1- Start with standing position. -To maintain body balance. 2- Stand with feet separated on a foot -This decreases the distance to reach stool. the object. 3- Avoid standing on tip toes. -This decreases the base of support, balance & elevate center of gravity. -For maintain stability. 4- Place one foot forward on the direction of reach. 5- Reach the object with smooth -Smooth movement prevents jarring coordinated movement. of the body. 6- Transfer the weight of the object -To align the weight of the object from shelf to the arms & over the close to the nurse center of gravity. base of support. 7- step of the leader. -To avoid strain on back muscles. B-Lifting an object from a shelf below shoulder level: Nursing action Rational 1- Start with standing position. -To maintain body balance. 2- Tighten abdominal, pelvis & -To protect back muscles. buttocks muscles. 3- Flex the knee while keeping your -To promote comfort & maintain back slightly bended. correct body alignment. 4- Avoid twisting. - To use multiple group of muscles. 5- Hold up the object with smooth -To prevent overload on spine which coordinated movement. lead to serious injury?  Range of Motion Exercises (ROM) Definition: The movement of the joints to the extent possible without causing pain is the range of motion (ROM) of the joint. Types of Range of Motion exercises are I – Active II- Passive I.1- Active alone I.2- Active assistive I.3- Active ResistiveI.4- Static Note: - Active Alone: in which it is performed by the patient. - Active Assistive: in which the patient performs the exercises with some assistance by another person. - Active Resistive: in which the patient performs the exercise with some force against his power, to increase muscle power. - Static: in which the patient performs the exercise with contraction of his muscle to maintain muscles' strength. - Passive: in which another person moves the joint. Purposes: 1- To increase muscle strength & endurance. 2- To maintain joint mobility & prevent muscle atrophy. 3- To maintain physiological function of body. 4- To prevent complication caused by immobility like contracture 5- To improve patient participation in activities of daily living.  6- To improve physical activity. 7- To improve joint flexibility. ‫ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ Contraindicationof ROM exercise:  Patient with heart & respiratory disease.  Swollen & inflamed joint. Types of movement: - Extension: straightening a body part. - Hyperextension: the excessive straightening of body part. - Flexion: bending a body part. - Dorsiflexion: bending backward. - Rotation: turning the joint. - Internal rotation: turning the joint inward. - External rotation: turning the joint outward. - Abduction: moving the body part away from the body. - Adduction: moving the boy part toward the body. - Pronation: turning downward. - Supination: turning upward. - Circumduction: moving in a circle. Types of joint: There are six types 1- Pivot joint: ”Forearm, Neck” 2- Ball & socket joints:“Shoulder & Hip” 3- Hinge joints “Elbow, knee, ankle" 4- Conyloid joints “Fingers, toes& Wrist” 5- Saddle joints: ”Thumb” 6-Gliding joints: "spine” Procedure: 1- Perform Hand Washing. 2- Check the Client ID & Introduce Yourself. 3-Explain procedure for the client. 4-Remove owns ring or other constrictive jewelers, if present. 5-Remove all patient's tighten clothes. 7-Expose only the area is exercising to maintain patient's privacy. 8-Stand on side of the joint is exercising. 9- Start providing ROM exercised from the head downward to toes. 10- Providing support above & below joint when perform the exercise. 11-Repeat exercise 3-5 times. 12- Reassess the client ability to perform ROM exercises & adjusts schedule accordingly. 13- Follow the procedure below to administer ROM, after each movement, returns the part to its anatomical position. A: Neck: 1- Flexion 2- Extention 3- Hyperextention 4- RT& LT lateral rotation 5- RT & LT lateral flexion 6- Circular motion NB: elderly person shouldn't do this movement which can lead to pain or cervical fracture. B- Upper extremities: I- Shoulder: 1- Flexion 2- Extention 3- Hyperextention 4-Abduction 5- Adduction 6- Internal rotation 7-External rotation 8-Circumdction: move the shoulder in circular motion.  II- Elbow: 1- Flexion 2- Extention III- Forearm: 1-Supination 2- Pronation IV- Wrist: 1- Flexion 2- Extention 3- Hyperextention 4-Radial deviation ‫اﻻﺑﻬﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ 5-Ulner deviation ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻨﺼﺮ‬ 6-Circumduction V- Thumb: 1- Flexion 2- Extension 3- Abduction 4-Addction 5- Circumduction 6- Opposition IV- Fingers: 1- Flexion 2- Extention 3-Hyperextention 4-Abduction 5-Adduction C-Lower extremities: I- Hip: 1- Flexion 2- Extension 3- Hyperextension 4-Abduction 5- Adduction 6- Internal rotation 7-External rotation 8-Circumduction II-Knee: 1- Flexion 2- Extention III- Ankle: 1- Dorsiflexion 2- Planter flexion 3-Inversion 4- Eversion IV- Toes: 1. Flexion 2. Extension 3. Abduction Adduction D- Spine: 1- Patient stands and takes wide base of support. 2--Flexion 3 Extension 4- Hyperextention 5-Lateral flexion 6-Rotation Post care: Patient: Reposition patient to comfortable position. Environment:  Return the bed to the lower position. R: To facilitate patient activity and provide safety.  Remove curtains& screens& equipment if present.  Nurse: Wash hands. R: To prevent cross infection. Documentation:  Patient name.  The joint exercised.  Type of exercise.  Amount of time needed to do the exercise.  Any complication; „inflammation, redness, swelling, hotness‟.  Extent to which joint can be moved.  Patient's response.  Date& time