Human Anatomy: Skull PDF

## Human Anatomy: Skull ### **fig. 54** The vertical plate lies in front of the lamina medialis of the pterygoid process (5). The plate separates the nasal cavity from the pterygopalatine fossa and extends upwards to the border of the sphenopalatine foramen (2). The hole is in the lateral wall o...

## Human Anatomy: Skull ### **fig. 54** The vertical plate lies in front of the lamina medialis of the pterygoid process (5). The plate separates the nasal cavity from the pterygopalatine fossa and extends upwards to the border of the sphenopalatine foramen (2). The hole is in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and connects the pterygopalatine fossa with the nasal cavity. ### **fig. 70 & fig. 71** The two on the vertical plate of the palatine bone are directly in front of the suture connection between the lamina medialis of the pterygoid process (5) and the vertical plate. If we remove the plate, we will reach the pterygopalatine fossa. We will also reach the sphenopalatine foramen at the same point. The arrow from (2) points to the hole. The hole is located at the top and is formed by the notch on the vertical plate of the palatine bone and the sphenoid bone. ### **fig. 6 Lu.** **Vomer** The vomer (1) is a bone plate. It can be seen best when looking into the back of the nasal cavity. The back edge of the bone extends from the hard palate to the roof of the nasal cavity, the external base of the skull, and at the back, the septum in the nasal cavity is formed only by the vomer (bottom 2). The front part of the vomer includes the ethmoid bone (top 2). Only a part of the top edge of the vomer (bottom 2) forms a suture with the ethmoid bone (top 2). The front part of the top edge is in contact with the cartilage (1) of the septum, and on a specimen skull this edge is free. At the back and upwards, the vomer connects with the sphenoid bone. ### **fig. 53, fig. 53A, fig. 72, fig. 60** **Mandibula** - The mandible has an upper part where teeth, the pars alveolaris (1), are located. - The mandible has a lower edge, the corpus mandibulae (2). - The lower edge of the mandible is called the basis mandibulae (3). - The angle of the mandible (4) is formed at the back by the basis mandibulae (3) combined with the back edge of the ramus mandibulae (5). - The basis mandibulae (3) includes both the lower edge of the corpus mandibulae and the ramus mandibulae (5), and continues all the way to the angle of the mandible (4). **Ramus mandibulae** - The ramus mandibulae (5) is a rectangular bone plate. On top, It has two processes; the front is the coronoid process (6) at the back is the condylar process (7). The two processes are separated by a groove, called the mandibular notch (8). - The ramus mandibulae (fig. 17 Re.) (4) forms the lateral wall in the infratemporal fossa (the perimeter of the area is dotted). The ramus mandibulae is covered laterally by the masseter muscle (5) with attachment. The coronoid process is the attachment place for the temporalis muscle (7) and the condylar process is the attachment place for the lateral pterygoid muscle (3). #### **fig. 73, fig. 78, fig. 75, fig. 74** **Os frontale** The skull is formed at the front by the frontal bone, os frontale. It’s a single bone that forms, - The front part of the skull (2), - A part of the anterior cranial fossa (2) and - The roof of the eye socket (1). Between the plates (1) that form the roof of the eye socket and the bottom of the anterior cranial fossa, there is a notch (black). This is where the cribriform plate is located. This is part of the ethmoid bone. Fig. 5 shows the spread of the frontal bone (1). The right and left sides are separated by a bone ridge. #### **fig. 76.** **Os ethmoidale** The ethmoid bone, os ethmoidale, consists of - A horizontal plate (1),