Chapter 3 Political Science: Constitutional Design PDF
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This document explores the design and development of democratic constitutions in South Africa and India. It highlights the historical struggles, influences, and processes involved in creating these fundamental documents. Key figures like Nelson Mandela and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar are briefly mentioned.
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Chapter-3 Political Science Constitutional Design Democratic Constitution in South Africa Nelson Mandela, the South African leader of African National Congress, fought a long battle against Apartheid. Imprisoned f...
Chapter-3 Political Science Constitutional Design Democratic Constitution in South Africa Nelson Mandela, the South African leader of African National Congress, fought a long battle against Apartheid. Imprisoned for 28 years (1964–1992) emerged as the First President of the Republic of South Africa. People struggled against the horrible discrimination practised against them by the white minority rulers. Apartheid finally defeated in 1994 and a new constitution made in 1996. Remarkable constitution, forgot past sufferings, sought co-operation of all the races which make S. Africa based on equality, democratic values and social justice. Do We Need a Constitution? Yes. A constitution has written laws accepted by people living together in a country. It generates trust and co-ordination. It specifies how a government should be constituted. It lays down limits on the powers of the government. It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society. Making of the Indian Constitution The process began during the national struggle for freedom. First draft 1928, then 1931. Motilal Nehru and 8 leaders demanded in the draft : universal adult franchise, social justice, right to freedom and liberty. Participation in Provincial Legislatures helped Indians in framing their constitution. z Leaders inspired by French Revolution, British parliamentary system and the Bill of Rights of the US. They also learnt what the British were denying Indian citizens. The Constituent Assembly Elections to the Constituent Assembly held in July 1946. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar appointed chairman of the drafting committee. Constitution adopted on 26 November 1949, and enacted on 26 January, 1950, when India became a republic. The Constitution reflects the best minds of the country. Its members represented mini- India. Every law was debated clause by clause and a consensus arrived at. It is the longest written constitution.
