11th General English Text Tamil Nadu PDF

www.tntextbooks.in GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU HIGHER SECONDARY - FIRST YEAR ENGLISH A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu...

www.tntextbooks.in GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU HIGHER SECONDARY - FIRST YEAR ENGLISH A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu Department of School Education Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime 00-First Page.indd 1 14-12-2021 14:46:58  www.tntextbooks.in Government of Tamil Nadu First Edition - 2018 Revised Edition - 2019, 2020, 2022 Reprint - 2021, 2023, 2024 (Published under New Syllabus) NOT FOR SALE Content Creation The wise possess all State Council of Educational Research and Training © SCERT 2018 Printing & Publishing Tamil NaduTextbook and Educational Services Corporation www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in II 00-First Page.indd 2 21/12/2023 18:39:10  www.tntextbooks.in PREFACE XI - GENERAL ENGLISH The 21st-century learner needs to be able to competently collaborate, think critically, solve problems and access digital resources proficiently. Therefore, the revised textbook for English Class XI is based on the communicative approach that recognizes our learners’ need to: seamlessly integrate the use of the four major language skills, namely, listening, SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE BOOK speaking, reading and writing, naturally and Warm-up activities lead the students to the confidently. theme of each lesson. develop an attitude of enquiry and skills Wide variety of genres with learning for independent research. [Higher Order experiences to promote discussion and writing with clarity and creativity, facilitate the Thinking Skills – HOTS] learners to analyze, interpret and extrapolate continue to use English effectively and the texts for appreciation and understanding. appropriately for study purposes across the ‘Item boxes’ are given wherever suitable, curriculum at +2, and in future academic, to encourage students to read beyond the professional / vocational and social contexts. prescribed texts. speak fluently and write accurately, Language skills are reinforced by relevant scaffolded by clear guidelines with examples ‘check-points’, intensive practice in speaking, to ensure appropriate use of format, style, listening, reading and writing. structure etc. Vocabulary is expanded and grammar is internalised. The textbook offers clear, simple guidelines that address learners directly and Extracts with activities are provided to read support efficient class organization, namely, independently for pleasure and appreciation, and explore further resources. individual work, pair work, small group work and whole class work. Innovative features like Grammar games, ICT Corner, Infographics and Learning The syllabus aligns with the Links kindle the interest of the learners. recommendations of the National A unique feature of the book is the Career Curriculum Framework 2005. Guidance suggestions that expose the students to a range of opportunities available for Higher Education. Let’s use the QR code in the textbook! How ? Download the QR code scanner from the Google PlayStore/ Apple App Store into your smartphone Open the QR code scanner application Once the scanner button in the application is clicked, the camera opens and then bring it closer to the QR code in the textbook. Once the camera detects the QR code, a url appears in the screen.Click the url and go to the content page. III 00-First Page.indd 3 14-12-2021 14:46:59  www.tntextbooks.in Unit 5- The Convocation Address Flavours & Fragrances of the Reader by Aringnar Anna is an enlightening speech offering valuable advice and guidance to youngsters, instilling a sense of duty and service in them, urging them to give back to society Unit 3- Forgetting, an essay what they have gained from it. The Unit 1 –The Portrait of a Lady is a by Robert Lynd, teaches us to poem Everest is not the only Peak biographical sketch describing the overcome the deficiencies and to highlights one’s need for aspiration bond between a grandson and his concentrate better with greater towards excellence in whatever grandmother, filling the mind with focus on our actions. Lines activity one indulges in. It is a poem of reminiscences of the past. Children Written in Early Spring is a poem optimism and offers encouragement identify their personal relationship by William Wordsworth, stressing to learners, emphasizing that they with their own grandparents and the fact that Nature is meant for have to excel in their work and learn humane qualities of kindness, Man’s joy and pleasure, but this carry it out with perseverance and respecting the old and showing very source of joy is destroyed by courage. The Supplementary story concern to their relations. The poem Man himself. It is a reminder to The Singing Lesson by Katherine Once upon a Time, speaks of falsity Man to preserve Nature in all her Mansfield, traces the delicate and concealed behind smiles, absence of beauty. The play The First Patient tender feelings of a young music genuine appreciation concealed by a is a funny interlude bringing out mistress who is dejected at the facade of hypocrisy and the longing the psychological fear everyone rejection of her partner and is later of an adult for the innocence of experiences on visiting a dentist to filled with joy when a telegram from childhood. The Supplementary extract a tooth. The play portrays the partner indicates a re-union. lesson After Twenty Years by high humour in the reaction of O.Henry delineates the duty- the patients when tools are being consciousness of a true policeman, carried in to force open a jammed who is torn between love for his Unit 6 – The Accidental Tourist cupboard. friend and his professional loyalty. is an amusing account by Bill Bryson, who always messes up things bringing about great Unit 4- Tight Corners by embarrassment to himself and Unit 2- The Queen of Boxing is an E.V. Lucas, portrays the need for his family whenever he tours excerpt from the autobiography of wisdom to tackle things when in a and travels by flight. The poem Mary Kom M.C., a highly talented crisis and learn that rash and hasty The Hollow Crown, which is an and courageous Boxing Champion acts will only result in folly, adding excerpt from Richard II by William who had overcome many challenges misery and woe to one indulging Shakespeare, speaks of the vanity of in her life. Her life story is a source in thoughtless action. The poem life and how Death is the ultimate of inspiration and encouragement. Macavity, the Mystery Cat by conqueror, rendering everything The poem, Confessions of a Born T. S. Eliot, is a highly amusing poem, powerless and meek when one Spectator by Ogden Nash speaks listing out the devilish mischiefs succumbs to defeat. The second of the spectator’s attitude to sports/ of a cat. The Supplementary play The Never, Never Nest reflects sportsmen and the need to develop story With the Photographer by the greed of youngsters to own confidence to face and overcome Stephen Leacock, humorously more and more luxurious articles challenges. The Supplementary yet sharply speaks of the reality on loans, paying huge instalments lesson A Shot in the Dark by wherein the narrator’s original and spending their entire lifetime Saki is an interesting story which features are distorted under the repaying the loans incurred. points out that sometimes truth pretext of making them more is misinterpreted and people who appealing by an over-enthusiastic think they are acting wisely are photographer, leaving the narrator not always right. The feelings and pained and disgusted, as there is actions of fellow human beings have no resemblance between himself to be trusted and given due respect. and the photograph. IV 00-First Page.indd 4 14-12-2021 14:46:59  www.tntextbooks.in CONTENTS UNIT - 1 Page No. Month Prose The Portrait of a Lady 01 Poem Once Upon a Time 20 June Supplementary After Twenty Years 27 UNIT - 2 Prose The Queen of Boxing 34 Poem Confessions of a Born Spectator 53 July Supplementary A Shot in the Dark 58 UNIT - 3 Prose Forgetting 66 Poem Lines Written in the Early Spring 85 August Supplementary The First Patient (play) 90 UNIT - 4 Prose Tight Corners 104 Poem Macavity - The Mystery Cat 126 October Supplementary With the Photographer 132 UNIT - 5 Prose The Convocation Address 138 Poem Everest is not the Only Peak 156 November Supplementary The Singing Lesson 160 UNIT - 6 Prose The Accidental Tourist 168 Poem The Hollow Crown 183 December Supplementary The Never Never Nest (Play) 190 E - Book Assessment V 00_CONTENT.indd 5 11-12-2021 14:50:28  www.tntextbooks.in HIGHER SECONDARY - FIRST YEAR ENGLISH VI 00_CONTENT.indd 6 11-12-2021 14:50:28  www.tntextbooks.in 1 Prose The Portrait of a Lady Unit Khushwant Singh Nuclear Family or Joint Family Warm Up Based on the visuals given above, give five words/phrases each, to describe these two family types. Nuclear family Joint family Here is a story that brings out the bond was hard to believe. My grandfather’s between the author and his loving portrait hung above the mantelpiece in grandmother. the drawing room. He wore a big turban and loose fitting clothes. His long, white My grandmother, like everybody’s beard covered the best part of his chest grandmother, was an old woman. She and he looked at least a hundred years old. had been old and wrinkled for the twenty He did not look the sort of person who years that I had known her. People said would have a wife or children. He looked that she had once been young and pretty as if he could only have lots and lots of and had even had a husband, but that grandchildren. As for my grandmother 1 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 1 11-12-2021 14:28:54  www.tntextbooks.in being young and pretty, the thought was up in the morning and get me ready for almost revolting. She often told us of the school. She said her morning prayer in a games she used to play as a child. That monotonous sing-song while she bathed seemed quite absurd and undignified on and dressed me in the hope that I would her part and we treated it like the fables of listen and get to know it by heart; I listened the Prophets she used to tell us. because I loved her voice but never bothered to learn it. Then she would fetch She had always been short and my wooden slate which she had already fat and slightly bent. Her face was a washed and plastered with yellow chalk, criss-cross of wrinkles running from a tiny earthen ink-pot and a red pen, tie everywhere to everywhere. No, we were them all in a bundle and hand it to me. certain she had always been as we had After a breakfast of a thick, stale chapatti known her. Old, so terribly old that she with a little butter and sugar spread on it, could not have grown older, and had we went to school. She carried several stale stayed at the same age for twenty years. chapattis with her for the village dogs. She could never have been pretty; but she was always beautiful. She hobbled My grandmother always went to about the house in spotless white with one school with me because the school was hand resting on her waist to balance her attached to the temple. The priest taught stoop and the other telling the beads of us the alphabet and the morning prayer. her rosary. Her silver locks were scattered While the children sat in rows on either untidily over her pale, puckered face, and side of the verandah singing the alphabet her lips constantly moved in inaudible or the prayer in a chorus, my grandmother sat inside reading the scriptures. When we had both finished, we would walk back together. This time the village dogs would meet us at the temple door. They followed us to our home growling and fighting with each other for the chapatti we threw to them. When my parents were comfortably settled in the city, they sent for us. That prayer. Yes, she was beautiful. She was like was a turning-point in our friendship. the winter landscape in the mountains, an Although we shared the same room, my expanse of pure white serenity breathing grandmother no longer came to school peace and contentment. with me. I used to go to an English school in a motor bus. There were no dogs in the My grandmother and I were good streets and she took to feeding sparrows friends. My parents left me with her when in the courtyard of our city house. they went to live in the city and we were constantly together. She used to wake me As the years rolled by, we saw less of 2 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 2 11-12-2021 14:28:54  www.tntextbooks.in each other. For some time she continued She smiled but never shooed them away. to wake me up and get me ready for school. It used to be the happiest half-hour of the When I came back she would ask me what day for her. the teacher had taught me. I would tell her English words and little things of western When I decided to go abroad for science and learning, the law of gravity, further studies, I was sure my grandmother Archimedes’ Principle, the world being would be upset. I would be away for five round etc. This made her unhappy. She years, and at her age one could never tell. could not help me with my lessons. She But my grandmother could. She was not did not believe in the things they taught at even sentimental. She came to leave me at the English school and was distressed that the railway station but did not talk or show there was no teaching about God and the any emotion. Her lips moved in prayer, scriptures. One day, I announced that we her mind was lost in prayer. Her fingers were being given music lessons. She said were busy telling the beads of her rosary. nothing but her silence meant disapproval. Silently she kissed my forehead, and when She rarely talked to me after that. I left I cherished the moist imprint as perhaps the last sign of physical contact When I went up to University, I was between us. given a room of my own. The common link of friendship was snapped. My But that was not so. After five years I grandmother accepted her seclusion with came back home and was met by her at the resignation. She rarely left her spinning- station. She did not look a day older. She wheel to talk to anyone. From sunrise to still had no time for words, and while she sunset she sat by her wheel spinning and clasped me in her arms I could hear her reciting prayers. Only in the afternoon she reciting her prayers. Even on the first day relaxed for a while to feed the sparrows. of my arrival, her happiest moments were While she sat in the verandah breaking with her sparrows whom she fed longer the bread into little bits, hundreds of and with frivolous rebukes. little birds collected round her creating a veritable bedlam of chirruping. Some In the evening a change came over her. She did not pray. She collected the women of the neighbourhood, got an old drum and started to sing. For several hours she thumped the sagging skins of the dilapidated drum and sang of the home- coming of warriors. We had to persuade her to stop to avoid overstraining. That was the first time since I had known her that she did not pray. came and perched on her legs, others on The next morning she was taken ill. her shoulders. Some even sat on her head. It was a mild fever and the doctor told 3 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 3 11-12-2021 14:28:54  www.tntextbooks.in us that it would go. But my grandmother thought differently. She told us that her About the Author end was near. She said that, since only Khushwant Singh is an Indian novelist a few hours before the close of the last and lawyer. He studied at St. Stephen’s chapter of her life she had omitted to pray, College, Delhi and King’s college, she was not going to waste any more time London. He joined talking to us. the Indian Foreign Service in 1947. We protested. But she ignored our As a writer, he is protests. She lay peacefully in bed praying best known for his and telling her beads. Even before we keen secularism, could suspect, her lips stopped moving sarcasm and love and the rosary fell from her lifeless fingers. for poetry. He A peaceful pallor spread on her face and served as the editor of several literary we knew that she was dead. and news magazines as well as two newspapers. Khushwant Singh was We lifted her off the bed and, as is awarded with Padma Bhushan in 1974, customary, laid her on the ground and Padma Vibhushan by the Government covered her with a red shroud. After a of India and Sahitya Akademi few hours of mourning we left her alone Fellowship by Sahitya Academy of to make arrangements for her funeral. In India. The Mark of Vishnu, A History the evening we went to her room with a of Sikhs, The Train to Pakistan, Success crude stretcher to take her to be cremated. Mantra, We Indians and Death at my The sun was setting and had lit her room Doorstep are some of his brilliant and verandah with a blaze of golden light. works. We stopped half-way in the courtyard. All over the verandah and in her room right up to where she lay dead and stiff wrapped in the red shroud, thousands of Glossary sparrows sat scattered on the floor. There was no chirruping. We felt sorry for the mantelpiece – shelf projecting from the birds and my mother fetched some bread wall above a fireplace for them. She broke it into little crumbs, absurd – inconsistent/ illogical the way my grandmother used to, and threw it to them. The sparrows took no fables – tales/stories notice of the bread. When we carried my grandmother’s corpse off, they flew away hobbled – walked unsteadily quietly. Next morning the sweeper swept puckered – wrinkled the bread crumbs into the dustbin. expanse – wide area monotonous– unchanging /boring 4 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 4 11-12-2021 14:28:55  www.tntextbooks.in snapped – broke / cut 2. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each. seclusion – isolation a. Describe the author’s grandmother. bedlam – noisy confusion perched – sat / rested b.  What was the daily routine of the grandmother at home? rebukes – scoldings c. How is school education in the village dilapidated – damaged different from that in the city? pallor – a n unhealthy pale d. The grandmother appreciated the value appearance of education. Give instances in support shroud – cloth used to wrap a dead of your answer. person e. The grandmother was strong-minded. 1. Answer the following questions in Justify. one or two sentences based on your f. How did the grandmother spend the last understanding of the story. few hours of her life? a. Describe the grandfather as seen in the portrait. 3. Answer the following in a paragraph of 100 - 150 words each. b.  Why was the author left with his grandmother in the village? a) The grandmother played a vital role in the author’s formative years. Give c.  Where did the author study in his your own example of how elders have childhood? a positive influence on the younger generation. Include examples from d. Why did the grandmother accompany the story also. the author to school? b) As young Khushwant Singh, write e.  What made the dogs follow the a letter to your parents describing grandmother after school hours? your daily routine expressing your thoughts and feelings about staying f.  Why didn’t the grandmother feel in the village. sentimental when the author went abroad for higher education? c) Animals are capable of empathy. Substantiate this statement with g. What was the happiest time of the day examples from the story as well as for grandmother? your own experiences. 5 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 5 11-12-2021 14:28:55  www.tntextbooks.in nary Dictio Vocabulary s auru thes a) Read the following words and choose the correct antonyms from the options given: Words Options moist a. marshy b. arid c. slimy d. sultry frivolous a. serious b. sad c. furious d. happy omitted a. isolated b. rejected c. contracted d. included protest a. promote b. apprehend c. accept d. project serenity a. simplicity b. anxiety c. absurdity d. stupidity scattered a. sprinkled b. multiplied c. gathered d. covered monotonous a. interesting b. tiresome c. fragrant d. satisfying b) Fill in the blanks choosing the c) Match the words in Column A with appropriate compound words from those their pairs in Column B to form compound given in the box: words and write them in Column C. Reeta hurried along the road, dressed in A B C her ________ new dress towards the bus mantel lashes stop. Before ___________, she had to reach eye wheel the house of her _________. But the first water gate ___________ of her travel was slow due bee knob to traffic jam. Her ___________would be toll piece regarded with joy. She was ___________ door proof herself to reach the place. When she finally spinning hive stepped into the ___________, she was received with a big hug by her kind aunt. d) Frame meaningful sentences of your She was in time to join the ___________ own using the following expressions from at the village, for a _________. the story. Use a dictionary if required. singsong overstraining spotless i. the thought was almost revolting gentlefolk grandmother courtyard ii. an expanse of pure white serenity sunset half-hour homecoming iii. a turning point iv. accepted her seclusion with resignation The American writer Henry James has written a novel, which is also titled v. frivolous rebukes ‘The Portrait of a Lady’. 6 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 6 11-12-2021 14:28:57  www.tntextbooks.in e) Prefixes and Suffixes b) The car skidded to a halt when I applied the ___________. “Her silver locks were scattered untidily over her pale, puckered face, and her lips ii) waste/waist constantly moved in inaudible prayer.” a)  Shivani wears a belt around her ___________. In the above sentence, the word ‘inaudible’ is formed by adding the prefix in- to the b) W  e should never misuse or root/base word ‘audible’. ___________natural resources. A prefix is a letter or a group of letters iii) principle/principal which is added to the beginning of a root a)  Oxygen is the ___________ element word in order to modify it. Usually, the present in the earth’s crust. new word formed is the opposite of the given word. b) B oth these machines work on the same ___________. In the above sentence, we also come across the word ‘constantly’. Here the suffix –ly is iv) bread/bred added to the root word ‘constant’. a) Turtles should be ___________ in a healthy environment. A suffix is a letter or a group of letters added to the end of a root word. By adding b) I like to have toasted ___________ for suffixes, the grammatical function of the breakfast. word changes. v) lesson/lessen Words that are derived or formed from the a) This medicine will ___________ your base word by adding prefixes and suffixes pain. are called derivatives. b)  Finally, the manager learnt a Form two derivatives from each of the ___________ the hard way. following words. vi) pale/pail e.g. honest- dishonest, honesty a)  The child looks very sick and manage differ beauty ___________. peace arrange collect b) I need a ___________ of water to wash approve narrate class these cups. f ) Homophones and Confusables vii) through/threw Fill in the blanks with suitable a)  R avi picked the banana peel and homophones: ___________ it in the dustbin. i) brake / break a) W  e have a short ___________ between b) The soldiers had to pass ___________ the sessions. a dark tunnel. 7 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 7 11-12-2021 14:28:57  www.tntextbooks.in viii) corps/corpse Speaking Activity a) The ___________ was covered with a shroud. a. Work in pairs and arrive at five points that bring out the benefits and b) A five-day annual training camp for challenges of living in either a nuclear the senior cadets of the National Cadet family or a joint family. Share your views ___________ has been organised. with your class. Listening Activity b. Build a conversation of eight to ten sets of exchanges, with your grandmother, Read the following statements and the discussing the incidents that happened in given options. Now, listen to your teacher your school that day. read aloud a passage or play it on a recorder. You may listen to it again if required, to c. Every member contributes to help you choose the right options. forming a happy family. Share your views for a minute or two with your class. i) According to Napoleon ‘Good mothers make good ___________.’ a) housewives b)jobs Reading c) nations d) ideas Reading is to the mind, what exercise is to the body. Have you ever counted the ii) M  others exhibit ___________ love. number of words you read in an hour? The a)unauthorized b) unapproved average reading speed of an educated adult c)unacceptable d) unconditional is approximately 15000 to 18000 words per hour. If you read four hours a day, you are iii) ___________ mothers care much for likely to go through 60,000 words daily. As their children. you go through this process, you would be a) Adapted b) Adopted able to acquire several skills such as c) Adoptive d) Adaptable ◆ intensive and extensive reading iv) ___________ is the most important ◆ grasping meaning from the contexts thing in the world. ◆ expressing what you have understood, a) Wealth b) Power in appropriate words. c) Love d) Influence You would be able to learn various types of techniques like v)  Love should be extended to ___________ too. ◆ Skimming a) friends b) relatives ◆ Scanning c) countrymen d) creatures ◆ Decoding ◆ Encoding 8 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 8 11-12-2021 14:28:58  www.tntextbooks.in According to Edward Fry, there are three I. Now, read the following passage on reading speeds: Study reading speed, “Laughter Therapy” and answer the Average reading speed and Skimming questions that follow. speed. Study reading speed is generally used to read material which demands total comprehension and retention of its meaning, for example, while preparing for an examination. Average reading speed is used for everyday reading of newspapers, magazines and novels etc. Skimming is the fastest reading speed and is generally used for getting an overall idea of the material 1. Laughing is an excellent way to reduce read. Scanning is another useful tool for stress in our lives; it can help you to speeding up reading. While scanning, cope with and survive a stressful life. you look for specific information without Laughter provides full-scale support for reading everything. your muscles and unleashes a rush of stress busting endorphins. Since our body A few practical hints to help you do cannot distinguish between real and fake activities under reading comprehension laughter, anything that makes you giggle passages: will have a positive impact. 1. Read the passage carefully and try to 2. Laughter Therapy aims to get people grasp its main theme. laughing, in groups and individual 2. Pay attention to the meanings of words sessions and can help reduce stress, make (connotation), phrases and sentences. people and employees happier and more committed, as well as improve their 3. Grasp the manner in which the writer interpersonal skills. This laughter comes has developed his ideas and thoughts. from the body and not the mind. 4. Read all the questions in the sequence 3. Laughter Yoga (Hasya yoga) is a and conceptualize the answers. practice involving prolonged voluntary laughter. It aims to get people laughing 5. Read the passage again focussing on in groups. It is practised in the early the content and answer the questions mornings in open-parks. It has been made appropriately. Find accurate solutions for popular as an exercise routine developed vocabulary exercises too. by Indian physician Madan Kataria, who writes about the practice in his 2002 book 6. Go through your answers to check ‘Laugh for no reason’. Laughter Yoga is spelling, punctuation and grammar. based on the belief that voluntary laughter provides the same physiological as well as psychological benefits as spontaneous laughter. 9 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 9 11-12-2021 14:28:58  www.tntextbooks.in 4. Laughter yoga session may start with ◆ closed eyes gentle warm-up techniques which include ◆ breathing exercises stretching, chanting, clapping, eye contact ◆ chanting and body movements to help break down ◆ stretching of arms and legs inhibitions and encourage a sense of playfulness. Moreover, laughter is the best ◆ bending backwards medicine. Breathing exercises are used to ◆ running/jogging prepare the lungs for laughter followed by ◆ eye contact a series of laughter exercises that combine a method of acting and visualization f. ‘Laughter therapy also plays a crucial techniques. Twenty minutes of laughter role in social bonding’. How? is sufficient to augment physiological development. 5. A handful of small scale scientific Grammar studies have indicated that laughter yoga has some medically beneficial effects, including cardiovascular health and Articles and Determiners mood. This therapy has proved to be good for depressed patients. This laughter Determiners are words placed in front of therapy also plays a crucial role in social a noun to clarify what the noun refers to. bonding. Look at this sentence. Answer the following. ‘This laughter therapy also plays a crucial a. How does laughter help one to cope role in social bonding.’ with stress? b. Which word in the text (para 2) means Here the word ‘this’ refers to a particular the same as ‘dedicated'? noun – ‘laughter therapy’. c. Why do you think voluntary laughter provides the same physiological as well Types of Determiners as psychological benefits as spontaneous Possessive laughter? Articles Demonstrative adjectives d. ‘Laughter is the best medicine’. Explain. a this my, your an that his, her e. Given below is a set of activities. Which the these its, our of these are followed in the ‘Laughter Yoga’ those their technique? Quantifiers Numbers Ordinals ◆ sitting on the ground with legs crossed some, one, two first, second few, little three, four third, last ◆ body movements more, much twenty, next ◆ clapping any, every hundred 10 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 10 11-12-2021 14:28:58  www.tntextbooks.in a. Read the paragraph below and fill in see ___________ plants. He called the the blanks using ‘a, an’, or ‘the’. ___________ minister and asked him what he did with the seed. ___________ It is said that 1 ___________ computer minister explained the process he adopted is 2 ___________ electronic extension of to make ___________ plant grow. The the human brain. Therefore, in principle, emperor called ___________ the other 3 ___________ computer can do all ministers to explain what they did. Only those activities which 4 ___________ ___________ minister had come with human brain can do. Today computers an empty pot. They laughed loudly at are found to be 5 ___________ most the foolishness of this minister. But the useful devices as knowledge providers. Emperor applauded him and made him Another important field of application of the ___________ Emperor. Do you know computers is 6 ___________ development why? He had given them boiled seeds of robots. 7 ___________ internet has which will not grow. Only ___________ brought 8 ___________ drastic change in minister was honest. communication systems. d. Fill in the blanks with appropriate b. In the following paragraph, insert ‘a, an’, determiners. or ‘the’ wherever necessary and rewrite i.  They came early but there was the sentences. ____________ (little/ a little) work to In our family, we have planned to take do. children to zoo next Sunday. Van has ii. Anand invited ______________ (few/ been arranged and we are sure to have a few) friends for the birthday party. comfortable journey. Zoo is interesting place for children who enjoy watching iii.  The teacher gave __________ (all / animals and want to know more about every) student a separate topic for the them. Even youngsters love to visit zoo. assignment. iv. _________ (Most of/Many) the water c. Fill in the blanks with appropriate overflowed from the tank. determiners. (Articles have been included) v. ______(One/Any) of my friends wished Once the emperor gave a bag of seeds to me on my birthday. his council of ministers and said that he would give them six months’ time to grow vi. V  ijay had _________ (no/ any) idea the seeds. Whoever does a good job will about the problem. be made the ___________ emperor of vii. A  dhi had taken ___________ that empire. ___________ the ministers (much /many) photos during the took their task seriously. After six months programme. ___________ ministers had small plants viii.______________ (Some/Few) girls in their pots. A ___________ had very who attended the class informed the large plants. ___________ had medium others about the test. sized plants. The emperor entered the hall. He was ___________ amused to 11 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 11 11-12-2021 14:28:58  www.tntextbooks.in Tenses Tenses of verbs are used to express time. They indicate the time and state of the action. The following pictographs will help you understand the tense forms better. 12 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 12 11-12-2021 14:28:58  www.tntextbooks.in The Tenses Chart Past Present Future Saran wrote a poem Saran writes a poem Saran will write a yesterday. everyday. poem tomorrow. Usage: to indicate a past Usage: to express habits (Helping verb) ‘will’ + Simple habit or an action already or general truth; to present tense verb completed indicate a future event on Usage: to indicate an a designated date as part action, condition, or of a plan or arrangement circumstance that hasn’t taken place yet Saran was writing a poem Saran is writing a poem Saran will be writing a when his friends arrived. right now. poem when his friends arrive. was/were + (-ing verb am/is/are + (-ing verb form) form) will be + (-ing verb Progressive Usage: to indicate Usage: to indicate action form) or uncompleted action of the occurring at the time of Usage: to indicate Continuous past (with or without time speaking; to indicate a what will be going reference); to indicate temporary action that on at some time in persistent habits of the may not be occurring at the future; to indicate past (with 'continuously', the time of speaking planned future events 'always', 'forever', etc.) Saran had written a poem Saran has written a Saran will have when his friends arrived. poem. written a poem by the time his friends arrive. had + past participle have/has + past participle Usage: to indicate a Usage: to indicate a will have + past Perfect completed action of the past action which is not participle past that happened before defined by a time of Usage: to indicate another event took place occurrence; to indicate an action that will an action that started be complete before in the past and has another event takes continued until now place Saran had been writing a Saran has been writing a Saran will have been poem for two hours when poem for two hours. writing a poem for his friends arrived. four days. have/has been + (-ing had been + (-ing verb verb form) will have been + (-ing form) Usage: to indicate an verb form) Perfect Usage: to indicate an action which started at Usage: to indicate an Continuous action in the past that some point in the past action that will have began before a certain and may or may not be happened for some point in the past and complete time and will not continued until that point be complete yet at a of time certain point in the future 13 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 13 11-12-2021 14:28:58  www.tntextbooks.in a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form c. You are a commentator for a 5000 metre of the verbs in brackets and read the running race. Use simple present and completed passage aloud. present continuous tenses and complete the commentary from the beginning to The people of India, as a whole, the end of the race. Read the completed 1 ___________ (be) warm-hearted and passage aloud. hospitable. Any calamity in any part of the world immediately 2 ___________ The 5000 metre race is about to begin. (arouse) their charity and generosity and a Lined up at the starting point, from left committee 3 ___________ (be) promptly to right, are John of Great Britain, Peter 4 ___________ (set ) up to collect funds of Nigeria and Jeeva of India. The runners to help the distressed. The most endearing are warming up for the great event. Now quality in them 5 ___________ (be) the they 1 ___________ (take) their positions respect they show for the work done in any on the track. They 2 ___________ (be) all capacity. They 6 ___________ (believe) in ready for the start. There 3 ___________ what we 7 ___________ (call) the dignity (go) the starter’s gun! Yes, the race has of labour. begun. John 4 ___________ (lead) and Jeeva 5 ___________ (follow) him closely. b. Now, use the verbs given in brackets in the following sentences in their correct d. Read the extract from Kayal’s diary forms. entry regarding her Nepal Trek, and fill in the blanks with the correct tense form of 1. I ____(like) to spend time with my the verbs given in brackets. friend, whenever I ____(be) free. DAY 1 We _______________ (leave) Anna 2. He ____(be) likely to miss the train. International Airport in Chennai two days He ____(run) up to the station. ago catching a direct flight to Kathmandu 3. At the moment they____ (wait) at the in Nepal. We _______________ (spend) bus-stop. But I _________(not know) a day sightseeing. Kathmandu is full their plans for the journey. of people, rickshaws and the smell of sandalwood. I’ve never _______________ 4. They firmly _______(believe) in the (be) on a trip like this before. So I’m really existence of God. excited. 5. We ______(hear) a lot of noise because DAY 2 It _______________ (rain) when the new buildings _______ (transmit) we reached Pokhara, Nepal’s second sound vacant. largest city, and saw the snowy peaks of the Himalayas for the first time. We 6. She always _______ (make) excuses __________(reach) Pokhara after a hair- for coming late. raising six-hour bus journey along very 7. The Prime Minister _______ (leave) for narrow roads with a lot of hairpin bends. America to meet the delegates tomorrow. The bus __________ (be) so full that one person had to share the driver’s seat. 14 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 14 11-12-2021 14:28:58  www.tntextbooks.in DAY 3 We _______________ (begin) our (fly) instead of walking. trek at last. We are at about 900 metres and DAY 8 We went back to Pokhara in a small the weather is warm and humid. For lunch plane yesterday. It was exciting when we we had chips and yak cheese sandwiches. _____(fly) between the mountain peaks. I didn’t like them very much. I’m thrilled We arrived in Kathmandu this afternoon that we _______________ (pitch) tents and we _______________ (spend) our for our camps in the dense forests. last few hours in shopping. We leave for DAY 4 Yesterday a landslide ____________ Chennai tomorrow. We’ve had a trip of a (block) our path and we had to use ropes to lifetime. get over it. This morning we walked along the river Kali Gandaki through dense e. In the following passage, circle the verbs forests of oak trees and we pitched our in simple present tense and underline the camp at Tukuche below the Annapurna verbs in simple past. The first one has mountain range. The main danger in been done for you. addition to landslides, is ‘yak attack’. Yaks i) Unless one is upright there is no use in ___________ (be) not dangerous but you being a charming fellow. Sometimes it is have to be careful if you meet a herd of better to be honest than attractive. These them because they can push you off the are the great truths of modern life which sides of the mountain. Shyam never realised. He never said an DAY 5 We met a lot of children on ill-natured word in his life. He was always our trek through the villages. They polite and spoke softly to everybody. ______________ (play) in the pool of muddy rain water as we left the place. We ii) That night he strolled into the Palette have already climbed 2,400 metres. Up Club about eleven o’clock, and found here, it never _______________ (rain) and Trevor sitting by himself in the long there are no trees. It _______________ room. “Well, Alan, did you get the picture (be) windy and dusty and I am always finished all right? ” he said, as he lit his thirsty. cigarette. “Finished and framed, my boy!” answered Trevor, “and by-the-bye, you DAY 6 Yesterday we ______________ (go) have made a conquest. That old model up to the mountainside of the township of you saw is quite devoted to you. I had Mukthinath, at 3,600 metres. The thin air to tell him all about you - who you are, with less oxygen there ______________ where you live, what your income is, what (leave) us breathless.We ______________ prospects you have.” (feel) that we couldn’t go any further. We ______________ (drink) a lot of extra iii) "And now tell me how Laura is. The fluids to prevent altitude sickness. old model was quite interested in her." "You don’t mean to say you talked to him DAY 7 We turned around today and about her?" said Hughie. "Certainly I did. started to descend to Jomosom. As we He knows all about the relentless colonel, went down, the oxygen filled our blood the lovely Laura, and the £10,000." "You again and we seemed to ___________ 15 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 15 11-12-2021 14:28:58  www.tntextbooks.in told that old beggar all my private affairs?" g. Read the following news report and cried Hughie, looking very red and angry. underline the past perfect tense form of "My dear Alan," cried Hughie, "I shall the verb and circle the simple past tense probably find him waiting for me when I form of the verb. go home." INDIA BEAT PAKISTAN TO WIN BLIND CRICKET WORLD CUP f. Fill in the blanks using past perfect tense forms of the verbs: Chasing a huge target of 308 runs, India romped home in the penultimate over of i. I ______ never____ (see) such a the match to defeat Pakistan and win the beautiful sunrise before I came here. Blind Cricket World Cup. India started off their chase in a cracking manner, but had ii. We were not able to stay overnight as lost two quick wickets. Sunil Ramesh rose we____not______(reserve) the tickets in to the occasion as he played a great knock advance. to help India beat Pakistan and had scored iii. Nirmala ___________ (be) to the 93 runs. Earlier India won the toss and had concert several times. decided to bowl first. Pakistan amassed a huge score of 307 for eight in 40 overs. iv. Mariappan knew Pudukottai so well Their openers had given them a brisk start because he ____________ (live) there for which the later batsmen capitalized on. five years. h. Read the following extract and fill in v. Yusuf understood the problem because the spaces with the right form of verbs he __________ (experience) the situation and complete the passage. The first one is earlier. done for you. vi. Catherine did not have any cash because (i) The poet stops to hear the maiden she ____________ (lose) her purse. singing while she 1 ___________ (cut) and vii. My father _________(be) to Mumbai 2 ___________ (bind) the grain. The song once before. of the lady 3 ___________ (fascinate) the poet, who 4 ___________ (stand) there to viii. The cat ___________ (chase) the bird listen to the song. The girl ___________ before it flew out of the yard. (sing) a sad song. ix. Edith _____________ (visit) several (ii) During the monsoon, a tender slightly doctors before she found out what the warm breeze 1 ___________(blow) problem was with her knee. on a cloudless afternoon. A sort of x. If we _______ (call) the manager ahead, fragrance 2 ___________ (rise) from the we would not have needed to wait so long wet grass and trees in the sunlight. It 3 for a table. ___________ (seem) as if the warm breath of the exhausted earth 4 ___________ (fall) against one’s skin. A sweet voiced 16 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 16 11-12-2021 14:28:58  www.tntextbooks.in bird somewhere 5 ___________ (chirp) WRITING repeatedly. a. Notice i. Read the news item that appeared in a daily and fill in the blanks with suitable You would have read many notices put up forms of the verbs given in brackets. in your school bulletin board. A notice is a written or printed piece of information Ever since social networking sites entered which is given to a large group of people. our lives, they 1 ___________ (serve) It is displayed on noticeboards and at as platforms where users could use the strategic locations. virtual space offered by these social media. However, recent incidents 2 ___________ (cause) many to question the freedom to express views on various issues and in some cases, it 3 ___________ (become) a dangerous platform. Social Contact 4 ___________ (transform) people. They 5 ___________ (develop) an addiction to it. j. Read the following passage and correct the errors you come across. Tips 1. Rajan slowly settle down in his retired  Enclose in a box. life. His pension plus what his wife bring  Do not exceed 50 words. from the household work she does helped  Be brief. them to meet their requirements. Life is  Include details of the event/ easy until one Sunday. His granddaughter programme. Madhu come crying. The clay doll in her  Avoid pronouns. hand had broken into two. Rajan pacify  Use passive form. her and promise to mend it. This small repair work become the founding stone of a very prosperous venture into making i. Prepare a notice to be displayed on clay dolls which earn him great respect. the notice-board of your school for the students of Class 11, informing them 2. Games and sports helps in recreation. about the educational tour that has been Soccer, cricket, lawn tennis or wrestling arranged for them the next month. is eagerly watched by millions of fans all over a world. It helps one got a temporary ii. Write a notice about the inauguration relief from the tensions of a day. The of a laughter club in your school. dedication displayed by all player in the field indicates the mental and spiritual development of the player. 17 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 17 11-12-2021 14:28:59  www.tntextbooks.in Here is a sample: NOTICE Government Hr. Sec. School, Minjur Workshop on Precis Writing 1st February 2018 This is to inform all the students of Classes XI and XII that a workshop on Precis Writing, will be held at 9.00 a.m. on 2nd February 2018 (Friday), in the school auditorium.It is mandatory for all the students to attend the workshop. For any type of query, please contact the under-signed. (Sd/-) Evangeline (Head-girl) b. Message a) walking b) working out in a gym c) swimming d) cycling A message is a verbal, written, or recorded communication sent to or left Given below is the format for drafting a for a recipient who cannot be contacted speech. An example has also been given. directly. FORMAT Valli attends a phone call during her father’s absence. It is from her father’s Analyse the topic and be clear about the friend. Later, she leaves a message for him, purpose of the speech. as she has to leave for her dance class. 2 p.m. 15 Feb. Gather enough material. Hi dad, Your friend Mr. Bala, from Salem, called this morning, to inform you that Construct an outline. Don’t forget to he has come to Chennai and will be greet and thank the audience. visiting us this evening with his family. Valli Add supporting details. You are the Sports Captain of your school. Write a message to the Physical Director, requesting him to be present during the Think of an effective opening. football team selection scheduled for tomorrow. c. Do you exercise regularly? If you Sum up your points in your do, which of the following activities conclusion. do you prefer? Discuss and share with your partner a few ideas about your Write your speech and edit it. preference. 18 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 18 11-12-2021 14:28:59  www.tntextbooks.in Good morning everyone! Respected Task : You are Mani/Megalai of Class Principal, teachers and friends; I am Kumar XI, President of the English Club of of Class XI and I stand before you to share your school. Draft a speech on the topic a few thoughts on the importance of games ‘Reading Maketh a Complete Man’, to be and sports in our lives. delivered in the school assembly. Most of us spend our leisure time indoors, watching TV or playing video games. This makes us lazy and also leads to many diseases.We become dull and unimaginative mentally. But all this can be reversed with regular sports activities. First of all, sports and games make us mentally alert and physically strong. Further, good health is one of the most important benefits of games and sports. They help us relax and give us energy to learn our lessons well. Playing games also helps in developing a sense of cooperation or team-spirit in an individual. For example, games like cricket, football, etc. are won by the collective efforts of all the members of the team. Exercises shape our body, give us energy and strength and improve blood circulation. Sports should be an integral part of education. Education without sports is incomplete. Thus, we should understand that sports and games are of great value in life. That is why facilities are being developed in rural and semi-urban areas. There are playgrounds everywhere. Let us all remember that a healthy mind can exist only in a healthy body, and that health is wealth. I wish to thank you all for having given me the opportunity to speak on the importance of sports and games. Let us pledge to keep ourselves healthy and active by participating more and more in outdoor activities. 19 01-A-Prose-The Portrait of a Lady-17-FEB.indd 19 11-12-2021 14:28:59  www.tntextbooks.in 1 Poem Once Upon A Time Unit Gabriel Okara Warm Up: b. The children in the picture are watching an exciting sporting event, where their school a. Guess what friendly words these two team is winning. Suggest suitable utterances gentlemen exchange when shaking hands. reflecting their feelings: ________________ ________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ___________________ ___________________ c. Given a chance, any adult would wish to become a child again for many reasons. Fill the boxes with some of what you imagine could be the reasons. e.g. I need not worry about project deadlines. I can wear my pajamas the whole day. I can sleep as long as I like. 20 01-B-Poem-Once upon a time.indd 20 11-12-2021 14:51:10  www.tntextbooks.in Children acquire important life skills and values by observing and imitating grown- ups like parents or teachers. Can it be the other way round? Now, you are going to listen to the poem ‘Once Upon a Time’, where a parent wants to learn something from the son. Let’s find out how. Once upon a time, son They used to laugh with their hearts And laugh with their eyes: But now they only laugh with their teeth While their ice-block-cold eyes Search behind my shadow. There was a time indeed They use