Impact of Technology on Family Income & Employment of Small Rice Farmers (1972) PDF
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UP Diliman
1972
Ernesto P. Abarientos
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Summary
This research paper from 1972, by Ernesto P. Abarientos, examines the impact of agricultural technology on family income and employment of small rice farmers in the Philippines. The research particularly focuses on the changes of income and employment as affected by different techniques used in rice farming. The study also considers pre- and post-adoption of high-yielding varieties (HYV), looking closely at factors such as the use of fertilizers and the need for hired labor.
Full Transcript
The Impact of Technology on Family Income and Employment of Small Rice Farmers by Ernesto P. Abarientos (1972) Dr. Patrick C. De Leon Associate Professor UP Diliman Extension Program in Pampanga Outline of Presentation...
The Impact of Technology on Family Income and Employment of Small Rice Farmers by Ernesto P. Abarientos (1972) Dr. Patrick C. De Leon Associate Professor UP Diliman Extension Program in Pampanga Outline of Presentation 1. The Author 2. Background 3. Purpose and Method of Analysis 4. The Farmer-Cooperators and the Data 5. Hypotheses 6. Summary and Conclusion The Author Ernesto P Abarientos Department of Agricultural Economics University of the Philippines Los Baños Workshop on Manpower and Human Resources, October 13-15, 1972 Background Context agricultural economy inequitable distribution of income surplus agricultural labor new technology – use of improved varieties and accompanying input requirements Background Farm Record Keeping Project (FRKP) Department of Agricultural Economics, UP College of Agriculture Intent: to develop a farm record book that farmers could use in planning and operating farms Through weekly visits these records were updated and became the basis of information for the paper Purpose and Method of Analysis Show changes that occurred in family incomes and employment as affected by the changes on resource use and productivity on the farm Crop years under consideration: Pre-HYV (from 1962-1963 to 1965-1966); Post-HYV (from 1966-1967 to 1969-1970) Purpose and Method of Analysis Method of discussion: case to case basis Clear picture of the changes in each farm Avoid statistical bias on non- randomness of samples Averages of all famer cooperators may result in distortion The Farmer-Cooperators and the Data No. of No. of Cooperators Province Municipality Cooperators per per Municipality Province Cabuyao 4 Calauan 5 Laguna 35 Lumban 18 Pila 8 Tanauan 1 Batangas 3 Sto. Tomas 2 Total 38 The Farmer-Cooperators and the Data Scope and Limitations 16 cooperators from Laguna 15 cooperators during 1962- 1970 1 cooperator during 1962-1969 All 16 cooperators operated lowland irrigated rice farms Hypotheses 1. Higher yield is brought about by the increased use of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals. 2. Because of highly specialized farm chores, the need for hired labor increases more rapidly than the need for family labor. 3. Increased use of fertilizer and other inputs brings about the increase in cash costs of operation. 4. The use of HYV increases the net share of the farmer. 5. If hypothesis no. 2 is true, then it is possible that family labor brings about the increase in other incomes. Summary and Conclusion 12/16 or 75% of farms: high correlation between crop yield and use of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals 4/16 or 25% of farms: use of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals brought about little or no effect on crop yield 12/16 or 75% of farms: the need for hired labor increased more rapidly than the need for family labor 4/16 or 25% of farms: use of family labor was greater than the use of hired labor 16/16 or 100% of farms: cash costs of operation increased during the post-HYV period (biggest increase: fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides) Summary and Conclusion 16/16 or 100% of farmers had several odd jobs which were the sources of additional income 13/16 or 81% of farmers received better income from other sources as a result of the contraction of family labor on these odd jobs