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Questions and Answers
All 16 cooperators operated lowland irrigated rice farms.
All 16 cooperators operated lowland irrigated rice farms.
True
12 out of 16 farms showed little to no correlation between crop yield and the use of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals.
12 out of 16 farms showed little to no correlation between crop yield and the use of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals.
False
The use of family labor was greater than the use of hired labor in all cases.
The use of family labor was greater than the use of hired labor in all cases.
False
All farmers experienced an increase in cash costs of operation during the post-HYV period.
All farmers experienced an increase in cash costs of operation during the post-HYV period.
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81% of farmers reported a decrease in income from odd jobs due to reduced family labor.
81% of farmers reported a decrease in income from odd jobs due to reduced family labor.
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The Author of the study is Ernesto P Abarientos from the University of the Philippines Los Baños.
The Author of the study is Ernesto P Abarientos from the University of the Philippines Los Baños.
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The study primarily focuses on the urban economic impacts of technology on rice farmers.
The study primarily focuses on the urban economic impacts of technology on rice farmers.
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The Farm Record Keeping Project was designed to help farmers keep updated records for better farm planning.
The Farm Record Keeping Project was designed to help farmers keep updated records for better farm planning.
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The study analyzed data from a single crop year to show changes in family income and employment.
The study analyzed data from a single crop year to show changes in family income and employment.
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The method of analysis used in the study included statistical averages to avoid distortions.
The method of analysis used in the study included statistical averages to avoid distortions.
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The total number of cooperators across the municipalities listed is 54.
The total number of cooperators across the municipalities listed is 54.
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The study was conducted during a workshop on Manpower and Human Resources.
The study was conducted during a workshop on Manpower and Human Resources.
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A significant issue addressed in the study is the inequitable distribution of income in the agricultural sector.
A significant issue addressed in the study is the inequitable distribution of income in the agricultural sector.
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Study Notes
The Author
- Ernesto P. Abarientos, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Philippines Los Baños
- Presented at the Workshop on Manpower and Human Resources, October 13-15, 1972
Background
- Context: Analyzing the impact of technology on income and employment for small rice farmers.
- Agricultural economy: Characterized by income inequality and surplus agricultural labor.
- Technology: Emergence of new varieties (HYV) and associated input requirements.
- Farm Record Keeping Project (FRKP): Developed by the Department of Agricultural Economics at UP College of Agriculture.
- The FRKP aims to provide farmers with a farm record book to support farm planning and operation.
- Data for the research was sourced from the FRKP through weekly visits, updating farm records.
Purpose and Method of Analysis
- Showing changes in family income and employment related to resource use and productivity on farms.
- Comparing two crop periods: Pre-HYV (1962-1963 to 1965-1966) and Post-HYV (1966-1967 to 1969-1970).
- Analysis on a case-by-case basis, allowing for detailed examination.
- Avoiding statistical bias from non-random samples.
- Focusing on individual cases instead of averages to prevent distortions in broader trends.
The Farmer-Cooperators and the Data
- 38 farmer-cooperators were involved, primarily from Laguna and Batangas provinces.
- Sample size: 16 cooperators from Laguna focusing on lowland irrigated rice farms.
- Data collected for a significant period: 15 cooperators data from 1962-1970, and 1 cooperator from 1962-1969.
Hypotheses
- Increased fertilizer and agricultural chemical use leads to higher crop yields.
- The need for hired labor increases more quickly than family labor due to specialized farm tasks.
- Increased fertilizer and input use raises cash operating costs.
- Using HYV varieties increases the farmer’s net share of income.
- The increased need for hired labor results in higher income from other family labor sources.
Summary and Conclusion
- 75% of farms: A significant correlation between crop yield and fertilizer/chemical application.
- 25% of farms: Limited to no effect on crop yield from fertilizer/chemical use.
- 75% of farms: Increased reliance on hired labor compared to family labor.
- 25% of farms: Greater use of family labor compared to hired labor.
- All farms: Increases in the cash costs of operation in the post-HYV period, especially for fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides.
- All farmers had additional income sources from odd jobs.
- 81% of farmers witnessed increased income from these other sources due to reduced family labor involvement in farm work.
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Description
This quiz explores the research presented by Ernesto P. Abarientos on the effects of technology on income and employment for small rice farmers. It highlights the importance of new agricultural technologies and the Farm Record Keeping Project developed at the University of the Philippines. Participants will analyze various factors influencing agricultural productivity and labor dynamics.
