8VP MKehl Tendons Spring 2024 PDF

Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Tendons Courtesy of Dr. Terri Clark Learning objectives Explain the function of tendons. Describe the different types of tendons. Describe the different ways that tendons are protected. Explain the causes of tendon injuries. Muscle Attachme...

Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Tendons Courtesy of Dr. Terri Clark Learning objectives Explain the function of tendons. Describe the different types of tendons. Describe the different ways that tendons are protected. Explain the causes of tendon injuries. Muscle Attachments Muscle Attachments may vary considerably in shape and how they attach to bone or cartilage (or muscle), ranging from a flattened fibrous sheet (aponeurosis) to a fibrous cord-like structure (tendon). Muscle Attachments Aponeurosis Fibrous connective tissue arranged as a thin sheet of tissue Serves as a wide attachment for muscles to bone or other muscles Aponeurosis Raphe Muscle Attachments A seam; line of union between the halves of various symmetrical parts Ex. dorsal raphe of the neck where several cervical muscles attach Ex. linea alba where the aponeuroses of the abdominal wall muscles meet Raphe Linea alba (“white line”) is a raphe Tendon A tendon is a dense, connective tissue structure. Originates from the muscle, passes over a joint and attaches on the bone. Brilliant white color Great resistance to mechanical loads. Tendons have low metabolic needs, are poorly vascularized, and do not hemorrhage when cut. These features have their adverse side: damaged tendons are inevitably slow to heal. Proximal Distal Tendon Tendon of origin (Proximal attachment) - It is usually the fixed point Tendon of insertion (Distal attachment) - Usually is the point moved by muscle contraction Biceps brachii Dyce, Sack and Wensing. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, 5th Ed. Protective Structures of Tendons Tendons may be damaged by excessive pressure or friction, particularly when they change direction over bony prominences or are shifted over hard tissues. Deep digital flexor tendon has a fibrocartilagenous segment when it glides over the distal sesamoid bone. Protective Structures of Tendons Tendon sheath - If a greater part of the circumference is vulnerable, the cushion wraps around the tendon. Tendon Sheath Protective Structures of Tendons Synovial bursa – is present only when one side of the tendon comes in contact with the bone. 1. 2. 3. 4. Tendon Bursa Retinaculum Tendon sheath Tendon injuries Tendinopathies may be caused by several factors. Intrinsic factors including age, body weight, and nutrition. www.missourifoxtrottersatoz.com Extrinsic factors are often related to sports and include excessive forces or loading, poor training techniques, and environmental conditions. Excessive tension can detach a fragment of bone at the insertion = avulsion Old avulsion fracture of the calcaneus of a 6 yr old mare. 12