8th Grade History Unit 2 Study Guide PDF

8th Grade History Unit 2 Study Guide ★ Define the following terms: ○ Colony ○ Land grant ○ Proprietary colony ○ Charter ○ Royal colony ○ Roanoke Island ○ Jamestown ○ Plymouth ★ Know the three geographic regions of the colonies. ★ Wha...

8th Grade History Unit 2 Study Guide ★ Define the following terms: ○ Colony ○ Land grant ○ Proprietary colony ○ Charter ○ Royal colony ○ Roanoke Island ○ Jamestown ○ Plymouth ★ Know the three geographic regions of the colonies. ★ What were the four New England colonies? ★ What was the climate like in the northern colonies? What were some of the difficulties the colonists faced due to the climate? ★ Know that Puritans mainly resided in the New England colonies. ★ New Hampshire: ○ Founded in ___________________ ○ Founded by ___________________________. ○ Land was granted to Mason and settlers were sent to the new land to establish what? ○ The colonists were originally from __________________. ○ What type of industries were in New Hampshire? ○ What natural resources were in New Hampshire? ○ Know the dominant religion was Puritan. ★ Massachusetts: ○ Founded in ___________________. ○ Founded by __________________. ○ Separatists found refuge in America and came over on the _____________________ ○ Farming was difficult. Know how people made a living in Massachusetts. ○ What type of agriculture was found in Massachusetts? ○ The main religion was Puritan. ★ Connecticut: ○ Founded in ___________________ ○ Founded by ______________________________ ○ The people who settled in Connecticut were colonists who left Massachusetts looking for __________________________________________________________________________. ○ Agriculture was the major industry & they had access to waterways for fishing. ○ Religion: They were open to more religious freedom. ★ Rhode Island: ○ Founded in ____________________ ○ Founded by ________________________ ○ The people were mainly English from other colonies. Looking for more religious freedom ○ Better soils made for more profitable agriculture; livestock; access to water (fishing industry); forests supported the lumber industry ○ Religion: founded on the principles of religious freedom ★ The Middle Colonies:  ○ ______________________ ○ Pennsylvania ○ New Jersey ○ ______________________ The colonists consisted of: Polish, English, Dutch, French, & German Climate: Allowed for longer growing seasons; mild climate ★ Delaware: ○ Founded in ______________ ○ Founded by ______________ ○ 1st European settlement ○ People: English, Dutch, ___________________ ○ Economy: Fertile land Farms produced grain, rice, and indigo Forests supported lumber industry → shipbuilding, trading, shipping lumber ○ Religion: Mix of religions due to religious freedoms and tolerance ★ Pennsylvania: ○ Founded in __________________ ○ Founded by __________________ ○ Land was granted by the British Crown to _____________________________ owed to Penn’s father ○ Established as a safe have for ____________________ ○ Economy: mixed Wheat, corn, cattle Textiles, paper making, ship building ○ Religion: founded for the Quakers; eventually granted religious freedom to everyone ★ New Jersey: ○ Founded in ______________ ○ Founded by _____________ and ________________ ○ Land given by James Duke of York ○ Promised settlers religious freedom and representational government ○ Economy: centered around agriculture Iron was mined and manufactured ○ Religion: mix of religions represented in this colony ★ New York ○ Founded in __________________ ○ Founded by _________________ ○ First settled by refugees from France and _____________________ ○ Established on foundations of _________________, liberty, ______________, and fraternity ○ Diverse population ○ Economy: agriculture and manufacturing Cattle, grain, rice, and wheat Shipbuilding and ironworks ○ Religion: large mix of religions due to diverse population ★ Southern Colonies ○ _____________________ ○ Maryland  ○ _____________________________ ○ South Carolina ○ Georgia ★ Virginia: ○ Jamestown: first English colony in the New World Founded by ___________________ Founded in ___________________ ○ People: population was mainly English ○ Economy: ___________________________ Focused on growing tobacco, wheat, corn ○ Religion: law in the Virginia colony mandated colonists to worship only in the _______________________________. ★ Maryland: ○ In ___________, Lord Baltimore was granted a charter to own land north of the ______________________________. ○ People: wanted a settlement that would generate profit and also offer refuge to __________________________. ○ Economy: Shipbuilding and iron works Agriculture: Corn, _________________, _________________, and indigo ○ Religion: Safe haven for __________________ of England; diverse religious population ★ North Carolina: ○ Established in ________________ ○ Established by _______________________ ○ North Carolina and South Carolina were once one colony noted by a charter for the Carolina Colony. ○ Produced rice and tobacco ○ Religion: Diverse religious practices in NC Colony. ★ South Carolina: ○ Founded in __________________ ○ Founded by _________________ ○ Originally part of the ‘Carolina Colony’ (until 1719) ○ Population was diverse ○ Economy: produced tobacco, rice, cotton, and cattle ○ Religion: diverse population brought diverse religious beliefs ★ Georgia: ○ Established in ___________________ ○ Established by __________________ ○ People: ‘worthy poor’ people; debtors Wanted a province that would defend the southern part of British colonies from Spanish Florida ○ Economy: Agriculture was dominate; rice/sugar ○ Religion: Religious freedom ★ 13 Original Colonies: ○ New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, NC, SC, Georgia ★ The Lost Colony: “Roanoke” ○ Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock 117 men, women, and children  Made history on Roanoke Island (July 1587) Recruited by Sir Walter Raleigh John White Pregnant daughter, Eleanor Dare (her husband Ananias Dare) Indian Chief, Manteo (ally to the English) ○ 1587: Small colony was founded (Roanoke) Virginia Dare was born to Eleanor Dare: became the first English child born on American soil ○ During the first year, John White left for England Needed resources and manpower Returned 3 years later to find settlement empty Everyone had vanished (disappeared) Found the word ‘CROATOAN’ carved into the trees ○ White unable to complete the search Hurricane approached the shore and forced him and the ones he brought over to go back to England ○ White attempted to return multiple times but never made the trip back to America ○ Sir Walter Raleigh gave up hope on the settlement; White died years later without knowing the fate of his family and the colony 117 pioneers of Roanoke Island had vanished… ★ Think about your own theory for what happened? Remember we discussed this in class and many theories were mentioned. You will need to write your own theory on the test.