Final Study Guide: Geography of Colonial North Carolina PDF

Final Study Guide Geography of Colonial North Carolina 18th c. Land warfare Low-mid level officers in front, Cannons fired solid iron balls at leading sections of a long line long range, and then advancing towards the enemy “canister”(multiple small balls Battl...

Final Study Guide Geography of Colonial North Carolina 18th c. Land warfare Low-mid level officers in front, Cannons fired solid iron balls at leading sections of a long line long range, and then advancing towards the enemy “canister”(multiple small balls Battles usually consisted of firing like a giant shotgun) at close massed musket volleys, then range ending with a bayonet charge. Uniform colors were usually bright to distinguish friend from foe on smoke-obscured battlefields, and uniforms were often a source of national pride. 18th c. Warfare Resources Iron Gunpowder Wood Lead Wool Brass Linen Furs Hemp People Leather Food (and salt) Horses Typical “Ship of the Line” 74 cannon (6 to 36 pounders) 130,000 square feet of sails (about 500-750 crew 3 acres) 170 feet long Cannons were quite powerful, able to fire all the way through other Required approximately 4,000 ships, smashing anything in the mature oak trees (100 acres of way. forest) Lasted approximately 12-20 years 43 miles of rope (line), weighing approximately 78 tons (156,000 pounds) Tobacco: Colonial History 1614: John Rolfe cultivates seeds 1730 Inspection and grading are from the West Indies standardized at 40 locations in Shipments to England begin the Virginia same year 1621 King James prohibits tobacco production in England 1713 The tobacco Act in Virginia requires inspection of all tobacco before sale  Tobacco 1750s: Prices dropped Thomas Jefferson accused London merchants of intentional creating unsustainable debt loads on farmers in 1786: “A powerful engine for this [mercantile profiting] was the giving of good prices and credit to the planter till they got him more immersed in debt than he could pay without selling lands or slaves. They then reduced the prices given for his tobacco so that…they never permitted him to clear off his debt.” This market crash led to the adoption of cotton as the primary agricultural cash crop. Staple Foods Wheat (Rye, barley and oats also) Corn Meat (Pork, beef, wild game) Drink (Average adult, 1790) 34 gallons of beer/cider 5 gallons of distilled spirits (Often rum) 1 gallon of wine Switchel (Water and vinegar, sometimes with ginger) Who were the Craft Revivalists? Farmers looking for a side income, especially through the winter months Housewives/mothers looking to supplement the family income Tradespeople already producing items for the local community Primarily in Western North Carolina Who promoted the Craft Revival? Usually “Outsiders” looking to Several established or helped help families whose options establish Craft/Folk Art schools were limited John C. Campbell, Penland,and Missionaries Crossnore are current examples, Teachers still going strong Social Workers Prominent/Wealthy individuals (such as Edith Vanderbilt) Agriculture 1st in Tobacco and Sweet ~175,000 acres of Tobacco Potatoes ~105,000 acres of Sweet 2nd in Chicken and Eggs Potatoes 2nd in Christmas trees ~800,000,000 chickens /year 3rd in Pork and Trout ~40,000 acres; ~4,000,000 trees ~10,000,000 hogs/year ~4,500,000 pounds of Trout/year Industry Food Processing Textiles Financial Services “Furniture Capital of the World” Manufacturing (Especially High- tech.)