8. SKELETAL PHYSIOLOGY.pdf

 PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF BONES CALCIUM STORAGE AND RELEASE PHOSPHATE STORAGE AND RELEASE PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS  Tarsal bones Talus- ankle bone Calcaneus- heelbone. Largest tarsal bone. Cuboid- cube shape, most la...

 PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF BONES CALCIUM STORAGE AND RELEASE PHOSPHATE STORAGE AND RELEASE PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS  Tarsal bones Talus- ankle bone Calcaneus- heelbone. Largest tarsal bone. Cuboid- cube shape, most lateral tarsal bone. Navicular- little ship Cuneiform- 3 bones, wedge shape, medial, intermediate, lateral  Joints/ articulations Ball and socket- full freedom of movement. Hip and shoulder joints Gliding- one bone glides or moves over the other. Bet carpals Pivot- movt in long axis. Radius and ulna Biaxial- 2 planes at right angles Hinge- one direction Condyloid- movt in all planes but no axial rotation.wrist, radius ulna Skeletal Disorders Injury, degenerative wear and tear, and inflammatory disorders affect joints. Sprains are common injuries that cause ligaments to rip of separate from the bone. Tendinitis (such as tennis elbow) and bursitis are inflammations of the tendon sheaths. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition associated with the wearing away of the protective caps of cartilage covering the bone-ends. Bony growths or spurs develop as the cartilage degenerates, causing restriction of movement and pain. The cause is not known and may just be wear-and-tear associated with aging. Rheumatoid arthritis is a severely damaging arthritis that begins with inflammation and thickening of the synovial membrane followed by bone degeneration and disfigurement. More women than men are affected. There may be a genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis. Joint replacement may in some cases restore function.  2 1 4 3 7 5 6  9 8 12 11 10  14 13 15 16 19 17 18  20 23 22 21  24 25 26 27 28 29 30.THE NUMBER OF BONES IN HUMAN BODY