Memory Retrieval: Cognitive Neuroscience PDF

06 February 2024 15:50 Notes Main Ideas How to study episodic retrieval Recall tasks: - Usually cued rather than free recall because of the need to have physical events and many trials to look at the brain. Recognition tasks: - Old/new judgments with confidence ratings. - Old/new judgements with rem...

06 February 2024 15:50 Notes Main Ideas How to study episodic retrieval Recall tasks: - Usually cued rather than free recall because of the need to have physical events and many trials to look at the brain. Recognition tasks: - Old/new judgments with confidence ratings. - Old/new judgements with remember/know ratings. - Associative memory - multiple items - Source memory - can be based on presentation format of memory (i.e., text vs picture) Assessing retrieval success Old/new effects: ○ Activity for hits compared with activity for correct rejections. ○ Activity compared across hits with and without episodic detail ○ Key retrieval-related regions Prefrontal cortex (lateral and medial), posterior parietal cortex (lateral and medial), and medial temporal lobe Function of parietal cortex Ideas about functional role: ○ Attention to internal representations (bottom-up and top-down); ▪ Similar to ideas about encoding, but attention to internal rather than external information. ○ Build-up of mnemonic information to reach a decision. ○ Active representation of stored information to allow cognitive control. ○ Subjective experience of remembering Divisions in parietal cortex Dorsal vs. ventral posterior parietal regions ○ Recollection vs. familiarity Prefrontal cortex (PFC) - Fletcher & Henson (2001) Functional specialisation within PFC Ventrolateral PFC ○ examines the episodic memory store and maintains the results in working memory. Dorsolateral PFC ○ monitors and verifies the results of memory searches Anterior PFC ○ supervises the switching between searching and monitoring and controls retrieval strategies Left vs right PFC Old/new effects mostly seen in prefrontal cortex Has led to the HERA (hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry) model suggested by Tulving and colleagues. May also relate to type of stimulus material - challenges HERA model Posterior parietal cortex Shows increased activity for hits as well as false alarms May track perception that an item is old Summary Key brain regions associated with episodic long-term memory include the MTL, prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. True for encoding and retrieval. There is a temporal progression of distinct processes that lead to successful encoding and retrieval. Memory is a constructive, imperfect process PSYC0031 Cognitive Neuroscience Page 1 HSAM Highly superior auto