Major Physiographic Divisions of India - Geo 1.pdf
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This document outlines the major physiographic divisions of India, including the Northern Mountains, Trans-Himalayas, and Himalayas. It also describes India's location in the world, its standard time, and important geographical features. The document also includes questions to test knowledge on these topics.
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## Major Physiographic Divisions of India - **Northern Mountains** - Youngest and loftiest mountain chains in the world. - Formed by folding of the earth crust due to tectonic activity. - Stretches for 2,500 km from the Indus gorge in the west to Brahmaputra gorge in the east. - W...
## Major Physiographic Divisions of India - **Northern Mountains** - Youngest and loftiest mountain chains in the world. - Formed by folding of the earth crust due to tectonic activity. - Stretches for 2,500 km from the Indus gorge in the west to Brahmaputra gorge in the east. - Width varies from 500 km in Kashmir to 200 km in Arunachal Pradesh. - Pamir Knot, known as the "Roof of the World", connects the Himalayas to Central Asia. - The term "Himalaya" means "The Abode of Snow". - The Northern Mountains are divided into 3 divisions: - The Trans-Himalayas - Himalayas - Eastern Himalayas or Purvanchal hills. - **Trans-Himalayas** - Lies to the north of the great Himalayas. - Located in Jammu and Kashmir and the Tibetan Plateau. - About 40 km wide in the east and west, and 225 km wide in the central part. - Contains Tethys sediments, fossils bearing marine sediments, and partly metamorphosed sediments. - Constitutes the core of the Himalayan axis. - Prominent ranges: Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailash, and Karakoram. - **Himalayas** - Young fold mountain formed by the movement of Eurasia land mass in the north and Gondwana land mass in the south. - Contains many ranges. - **Northern Plains** - **Peninsular plateau** - **Coastal Plains** - **Islands** ### Location of India in the World - **Southernmost point**: Pygmalion Point or Indira Point (6°45'N latitude) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. - **Southernmost point of the mainland**: Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari). - **Northernmost point**: Indira Col. - **North-south extent**: 3,214 km from Indira Col to Kanyakumari. - **East-west extent**: 2,933 km from the Rann of Kutch to Arunachal Pradesh. - **Tropic of Cancer**: Passes through the middle of the country, dividing it into northern temperate and southern tropical lands. ### Indian Standard Time (IST) - **Longitudinal Difference**: About 30° between Gujarat in the west and Arunachal Pradesh in the east. - **Sunrise**: Arunachal Pradesh has sunrise two hours earlier than Gujarat. - **India's Central Meridian**: 82°30'E longitude. - **IST**: 5.30 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). - **Political Divisions**: 28 states and 8 union territories. ### Questions to find out: - West East and North-South extent of India. - Area wise smallest and largest state. - States which do not have an international border. ### Amaravati - The new capital of Andhra Pradesh - According to the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, Hyderabad will be the capital of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for 10 years (until 2024). - Aravalli range is one of the oldest fold mountain ranges in the world. - The Northern Mountains act as a great wall in the north of India.
