Vegetable Science Notes (PDF)

Vegetable science notes by Pratibha Sharma (Agriculture Adda247) LECTURE-1 Classification of vegetables 1. Based on Tradition: Traditional vegetables Non-traditional vegetables Onion Ce...

Vegetable science notes by Pratibha Sharma (Agriculture Adda247) LECTURE-1 Classification of vegetables 1. Based on Tradition: Traditional vegetables Non-traditional vegetables Onion Celery Potato Asparagus Okra French bean Bitter-gourd Baby corn Chilli Cherry tomato Tomato Sweet pepper 2. BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION Family Crops Scientific name Edible part Chromos ome no. (2n) Monocotyledoneae Alliaceae Onion Allium cepa Bulb 16 Garlic Allium sativum clove 16 Leek Allium porrum Blanched stem 32 (4X) and leaves Shallot Allium Young bulb & 16 ascalonicum Green leaves Welsh onion Allium fistulosum Enlarged stem 16 & Leaves Chive Allium Enlarged stem 16,24,32 schenoprasum & Leaves Kurrat Allium Enlarged stem 32 (4X) ampeloprasum var. & Leaves kurrat Areaceae Elephant foot Amorphophallus Corms 28 yam campanulatus Taro Colocasia spp. Corms & 28,42 cormel Tannia Xanthosoma Corms 26 sagittifolium Giant Taro Alocasia Corms 28 macrorrhiza  Vegetable science notes by Pratibha Sharma (Agriculture Adda247) Swamp taro Cyrtosperma Corms 26 merkusii Liliacaeae Asparagus Asparagus Spears 20 officinalis Dioscoreaceae Lesser Yam Dioscorea Stem tuber 40 esculenta Greater Yam Dioscorea alata Stem tuber 40 White Yam Dioscorea Stem tuber 40 rotundata Cannaceae Queensland Canna indica Rhizome or - Arrowroot tuber Dicotyledoneae Aizoaceae New Zealand Tetragonia Tender leaves 32 Spinach tetragonoides & tops Amaranthaceae Chotti Amaranthus blitum Stem & leaves 32 chaulai Badi chaulai Amaranthus Stem & leaves 32 tricolor Apiaceae/ Carrot Daucus carota Enlarged and 18 Umbeliferae fleshy taproot Celery Apium graveolens Leaf stalk and 22 leaf Coriander Coriandrum Young leaves 22 sativum Basellaceae Malabar Basella rubra Stem & leaves 24 night shade Basella alba Chenepodiaceae Beet root Beta vulgaris Fleshy tap root 18 Spinach Spinacia oleracea Leaves 12 Palak Beta vulgaris var. Leaves 18 bengalensis Compositae/ Lettuce Lactuca sativa Leaves 18 Asteraceae Chicory Cichorium intybus Leaves 18 Globe Cynara scolymus Flower bud 34 artichoke Jerusalem Helianthes Root tuber 102 artichoke tuberosus Convolvulacae Sweet potato Ipomea batatus Root tuber 90(6X) Brassicaceae/ Cabbage Brassica oleracea Head 18 Cruciferae var. capitata  Vegetable science notes by Pratibha Sharma (Agriculture Adda247) Cauliflower Brassica oleracea Curds 18 var. botrytis Brussels B. oleracea var. Immature 18 sprout gemmifera heads Sprouting B. oleracea var. Fleshy flower 18 broccoli italica stalk Knol-khol B. oleracea var. Enlarged stem 18 gongylodes portion Kale/collard B. oleracea var. Rosette leaves 18 acephala Turnip B. campestris spp. Swollen root 20 rapifera Rutabaga Brasicca Enlarged and 38 napobrassica elongated tap root Radish Raphanus sativus Fleshy swollen 18 primary root Cucurbitaceae Cucumber Cucumis sativus Immature fruit 14 Musk melon Cucumis melo Ripe fruit 24 Gherkin Cucumis anguria Young fruits 24 Watermelon Citrullus lanatus Ripe fruit 22 Round melon C. lanatus var. Immature fruit 22 Or Tinda fistulosus Pumpkin Cucurbita Ripe fruit 40 moschata Summer Cucurbita pepo Immature fruit 40 squash Winter Cucurbita maxima Ripe fruit 40 squash Bottle gourd Lagenaria Immature fruit 22 siceraria Bitter gourd Momordica Immature fruit 22 charantia Buffalo Cucurbita ficifolia Fruit 40 gourd Balsam apple Momordica Immature fruit 22 balsamina Ride gourd Luffa acutangular Immature fruit 26 Sponge gourd Luffa cylindrica Immature fruit 26  Vegetable science notes by Pratibha Sharma (Agriculture Adda247) Pointed Trichosanthes Immature fruit 22 gourd dioica Snake gourd T. anguina Immature fruit 22 Euphorbiaceae Cassava Manihot esculenta Tuberous roots 36 Fabaceae/ Garden pea Pisum sativum var. Tender seeds 14 Leguminosae Hortense French bean Phaseolus vulgaris Tender pod 22 and seeds Lima bean Phaseolus lunatus Pod and seed 22 Cluster bean Cyamopsis Tender pod 14 tetragonolobus and seeds Lab lab bean Lablab purpureus Pod and seed 22 Cowpea Vigna unguiculata Tender pod, 22 immature seed and mature seed Soybean Glycine max Tender and dry 40 seed Yam bean Pachyrrhizus Root tuber 22 erosus Fenugreek Trigonella Tender leaves 16 foenumgraceum Sword bean Canavalia gladiata Tender pods 22 Jack bean Canavalia Forage for 22 ensiformis ruminants Winged bean Psophocarpus Whole plant 18 tetragonolobus Agathi Sesbania Flower 24 grandiflora Malvaceae Okra Abelmoshchus Tender fruit 130 esculentus Moringaceae Drumstick Moringa oleifera Leaf & green 28 pods Labiatae or Chinese Coleus parviflorus Tuberous roots 56,64 Laminaceae potato Rutaceae Curry leaf Murraya koenigii Leaves 18 Solanaceae Potato Solanum Stem tuber 48 (4X) tuberosum  Vegetable science notes by Pratibha Sharma (Agriculture Adda247) Brinjal Solanum Fruit 24 melongana Tomato Solanum Fruit 24 lycopersicum Currant Solanum Fruit 24 tomato pimpinellifolium (Cherry Tomato) Chilli Capsicum annuum Fruit 24 3. Based on plant part used: Plant Part Vegetable Leaves Amaranthus, Fenugreek, Spinach, Palak, Lettuce Stem (above) Knol-khol (Knobs), Asparagus (Spears) Stem (below) Potato, Jerusalem Artichoke, Yam, Taro, Onion (bulb), Garlic (cloves) Flower Agathi (West Indian Pea), Pumpkin (male flowers) Flower head Broccoli, Globe artichoke Roots Radish, Carrot, Beetroot, Turnip, Sweet potato. Prefloral apical Cauliflower (curd) meristem Head Cabbage Corms Colocasia, Elephant foot yam Fruits Brinjal, Tomato, Chilli, Pea, Beans, Cucurbits, Okra 4. Based on edible portion: EDIBLE PARTS VEGETABLES Placenta Cucumber, watermelon Endocarp Ridge gourd, sponge gourd, ash gourd Mesocarp Pumpkin, musk melon 5. Based on fruit type: Fruit type Vegetable Pod Pea & beans Capsule Okra, yam, sweet potato Berry Tomato, brinjal, chilly, potato  Vegetable science notes by Pratibha Sharma (Agriculture Adda247) Schizocarp Carrot Siliqua Cole crops Seed ball Turnip, beetroot Pods Rat tail radish Urticle Amaranthus 6. Based on climacteric pattern: Climacteric Tomato, Muskmelon Non-climacteric All other vegetables 7. Based on photoperiodism i. Short day plants (SDP) Sweet potato, clusterbean, winged bean, hyacinth bean, Indian spinach, Garlic, Yam bean, Basella, Potato for tuberization ii. Long day plants (LDP) Cabbage, cauliflower, knolkhol, potato, onion, lettuce, radish, carrot, turnip, beetroot, spinach, jackbean iii. Day neutral plants (DNP) Tomato, brinjal, chilli, cowpea, okra, French, bean, cucurbits, amaranthus 8. Based on pollination i. Self-pollinated crops Tomato, Potato, Garlic, Lettuce, Pea, Beans, Cowpea and Fenugreek ii. Often cross- Brinjal, Bell pepper, Chilli, Okra, Lima bean pollinated crops iii. Cross-pollination All other vegetables e.g. cole crops, cucurbits, amaranthus, root crops, onion, spinach etc.