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NSTP REVIWER Comprehensive Overview of the National Service Training Program (NSTP) Chapter 1: History of NSTP The NSTP has undergone several transformations since its inception in the early 20th century, marked by significant legislative acts:...

NSTP REVIWER Comprehensive Overview of the National Service Training Program (NSTP) Chapter 1: History of NSTP The NSTP has undergone several transformations since its inception in the early 20th century, marked by significant legislative acts: Commonwealth Act No. 1: Signed by former President Manuel L. Quezon on December 21, 1935, this act, known as "The National Defense Act," mandated compulsory military service for Filipino males aged 18 to 30. Presidential Decree No. 1706: Enacted on August 8, 1980, during Ferdinand E. Marcos’s presidency, this decree established the "National Service Law," which required all Filipino citizens to participate in one of three categories of national service: Civic welfare service Law enforcement service Military service Republic Act 7077: This act, signed by former President Corazon Aquino on June 27, 1991, created the "Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act." It organized and trained reservists—termed “Citizen Soldiers”— integrating them into national defense mechanisms. Republic Act 9163: The most relevant for this module, signed into law on January 23, 2002, this act is also known as the "National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001," institutionalizing a structured approach for civic education and defense preparedness. Chapter 2: Republic Act No. 9163 NSTP REVIWER 1  The NSTP Act of 2001 establishes the framework for the National Service Training Program, which aims to enhance civic awareness and promote national defense among tertiary-level students. Key Provisions: 1. Joint Implementation: The Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Technical Vocational and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and the Department of National Defense (DND) collaborate to develop guidelines for effective program execution. 2. Curricular Requirement: Each student enrolled in a baccalaureate or technical-vocational course at any educational institution is required to complete one component of the NSTP for two academic semesters. 3. Role of the Youth: The youth play a critical role in nation-building. The program aims to promote civic consciousness among young Filipinos and encourage their active participation in national service, both in military and civic contexts. NSTP Components: Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC): This program provides military training to students, preparing them for service in national defense. Literacy Training Service (LTS): Focused on training students to become educators in literacy and numeracy, targeting schoolchildren and out-of- school youth. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS): Engages students in activities that enhance community welfare, focusing on health, education, safety, and moral development. National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) The NSRC comprises graduates from CWTS and LTS who may be mobilized for civic welfare and literacy activities. The NSRC is structured into two units: NSTP REVIWER 2  Community-Based NSRC Units (CBNRUs): Localized units operating at barangay, municipal, city, and provincial levels. School-Based NSRC Units (SBNRUs): Organized by the educational authorities CHED and TESDA. The NSRC plays an essential role in disaster risk reduction through active participation in relevant programs and initiatives. Chapter 3: NSTP Values, Mission, and Vision NSTP Core Values: The NSTP is guided by values that blend tradition and modernity: Maka-Diyos: Faith and reverence towards God. Maka-Tao: Respect for human dignity. Maka-Bayan: Patriotism and commitment to serving the nation. Maka-Kalikasan: Environmental stewardship. These values promote: Love for God Human dignity, truth, goodness, and social responsibility Innovation, creativity, and professionalism Protection of the environment Quality service delivery Mission and Vision: Mission: To enhance the capabilities of youth for civic welfare services while developing them into responsible social entrepreneurs and mobilizers working alongside community organizations. Vision: To rekindle the youth's patriotism, promoting discipline, integrity, and accountability crucial for nation-building. Chapter 4: Grading System and FEU Tech Experience NSTP REVIWER 3  The NSTP program employs a structured grading system, where students are evaluated based on their participation in community service and development activities. The course objectives aim to improve civic consciousness and social skills through engagement in community welfare services. Goals for Students: General Objective: To foster civic awareness and social skills through various community and national welfare projects. Specific Objectives: These include participation in team-building activities, effective leadership, organizing community initiatives, addressing community issues, and nurturing a collaborative environment within the community. National Service Training Program: Civic Welfare Training Service Expected Learning Outcomes At the conclusion of this lesson, students should be able to meet the following objectives: 1. Appreciate the historical and legal aspects of the National Service Training Program (NSTP) and understand the establishment of the NSTP Act of 2001 (R.A. 9163). 2. Gain orientation regarding the various components of the NSTP. 3. Recognize the NSTP-Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) as a curricular program. 4. Familiarize themselves with the NSTP program structure and grading system. Topic 1: History of NSTP Understanding the historical and legal roots of NSTP, along with the enactment of the NSTP Act of 2001, is essential for grasping its purpose and significance. Key Legislative Milestones NSTP REVIWER 4  1. Commonwealth Act No. 1 (December 21, 1935) Signed by former President Manuel L. Quezon, this act, known as the National Defense Act, introduced obligatory military service for all male citizens aged 18 to 30, reflecting the need for national defense preparedness. 2. Presidential Decree No. 1706 (August 8, 1980) Under former President Ferdinand E. Marcos, this law (the National Service Law) expanded national service to include all Filipino citizens and established three categories: civic welfare service, law enforcement service, and military service. 3. Republic Act 7077 (June 27, 1991) Enacted under former President Corazon Aquino, this act, known as the Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act, focused on the organization and training of reservists, incorporating the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC). 4. Republic Act 9163 (January 23, 2002) Known as the National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001, this legislation emphasizes the need for civic consciousness among the youth, mandating their involvement in civic affairs as a means of nation-building, thereby reinforcing their role as responsible citizens. Constitutional Mandate The Constitution of the Philippines mandates that citizens must participate in personal, military, or civil service. This provision underscores the significance of the youth’s role in fortifying the nation’s democratic processes and encourages active involvement in public affairs. Topic 2: Components of NSTP To provide students with a clearer understanding of the NSTP components, we categorize them as follows: NSTP Service Components NSTP REVIWER 5  1. Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) This program, established under Republic Act No. 7077, offers military training to tertiary level students. It aims to motivate, train, and organize students for national defense preparedness. 2. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) CWTS encompasses programs focused on enhancing the welfare of communities. Initiatives may include health, education, environmental conservation, entrepreneurship, safety, and moral enhancement of the citizenry. 3. Literacy Training Service (LTS) This service trains students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children and out-of-school youth, ensuring that basic education reaches society's various segments. 4. National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) Formed from CWTS and LTS graduates, this corps can be mobilized by the state for disaster risk reduction and civic welfare activities. NSRC units can be community-based or school-based, allowing involvement at various levels. Community-Based NSRC Reservists Units (CBNRUs) Locally organized units at barangay, municipal, city, and provincial levels. School-Based NSRC Reservists Units (SBNRUs) Organized by educational bodies like CHED and TESDA. Topic 3: NSTP Curricular Program To create an informed student body regarding the NSTP-CWTS as a curricular program, we emphasize its mission, vision, goals, and objectives. Mission NSTP REVIWER 6  The NSTP-CWTS aims to enhance students' capabilities in service, cultivate civic consciousness, and develop them into social entrepreneurs and volunteers, while promoting collaborations with various organizations for community progress. Vision The program aspires to instill a sense of patriotism and national pride in the youth, encouraging values such as discipline and integrity as foundational traits for responsible citizenship and nation-building. Goals To promote values education, transformational leadership, and sustainable social mobilization, contributing to youth development, community enhancement, and national solidarity. General Objective The course seeks to enhance civic consciousness, social abilities, and skills through engagement in community and national welfare services. Specific Objectives Students should: 1. Engage in team-building activities. 2. Demonstrate leadership and fellowship skills. 3. Organize community assemblies and linkages. 4. Implement civic welfare projects. 5. Identify community issues and propose interventions. 6. Exhibit commitment to community development roles. 7. Foster positive relationships within the community. NSTP Core Values Love for God Respect for human dignity NSTP REVIWER 7  Commitment to truth, goodness, and social responsibility Innovation and creativity Professionalism Environmental protection Promotion of indigenous knowledge and conservation Quality service delivery Values Integration Challenge Balancing traditional values with modern principles, the NSTP encourages the synthesis of values through the guiding precepts: Maka-Diyos (For God) Maka-Tao (For Humanity) Maka-Bayan (For the Nation) Maka-Kalikasan (For the Environment) Topic 4: Grading System Course: NSTP One (1) - CWTS Students will engage in various assessments and activities, including community immersion programs. Quizzes and evaluations will be conducted to track learning progress. Student Engagement Students will be tasked with researching topics such as: 1. Definition and principles of volunteerism. 2. An in-depth reading of R.A. No. 9418 which pertains to volunteer programs in the Philippines NSTP REVIWER 8  Expanded Study Material: National Service Training Program (NSTP) - Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) Overview of NSTP and its Legislative Framework The National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a cornerstone of civic education and defense preparedness in the Philippines. Established by Republic Act No. 9163, also known as the NSTP Act of 2001, the program is aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and fostering patriotism among tertiary-level students. This act amended previous laws, including Republic Act No. 7077 and Presidential Decree No. 1706, to create a more comprehensive framework for youth development and service engagement. You can access the full text of R.A. No. 9163 through the official link: NSTP Act of 2001. Declaration of Policy According to Section 2 of R.A. No. 9163, there is a clear declaration of policy that emphasizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building. The government recognizes that it may require citizens to engage in various forms of service, including personal, military, or civil service. This section articulates the following key points: The need to develop civic consciousness among young people. The importance of enhancing the physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being of the youth. The promotion of patriotism and nationalism, along with encouraging increased involvement in public and civic affairs. Furthermore, the act acknowledges that the youth are the nation's most valuable resource, necessitating ongoing motivation, training, organization, and mobilization in efforts related to military training, literacy, and civic welfare. Components of NSTP NSTP REVIWER 9  The NSTP consists of three main components, each designed to fulfill specific objectives aimed at fostering civic engagement and preparedness: 1. Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) ROTC is a military training program established under Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077. Its primary goals are: Military Preparedness: To instill a sense of national defense preparedness among participants. Youth Organization: To motivate and train students, equipping them with skills for national defense. For further information on the historical context and implementation of ROTC, refer to this source: History of ROTC in the Philippines. 2. Literacy Training Service (LTS) LTS is dedicated to developing literacy and numeracy skills among underserved segments of society. Key objectives include: Teacher Preparation: To train students to become teachers for children and youth lacking foundational literacy skills. Community Impact: To serve out-of-school youth and other societal segments needing educational support. 3. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) The Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) focuses on activities that contribute to the general welfare and improvement of the community. Objectives include: Health Improvement: Initiatives aimed at enhancing the health infrastructure and services available to community members. Educational Advancement: Programs designed to provide educational resources and support to local learners. Environmental Sustainability: Activities focused on promoting environmental awareness and sustainable practices within the community. NSTP REVIWER 10  Safety and Recreation: Establishing safe recreational spaces and activities that contribute to the moral and ethical development of community members. Course Structure and Requirements Course Title: National Service Training Program Two (NSTP 2) Course Credits: 3 units Prerequisite: NSTP One (NSTP 1) Co-requisite: None specified NSTP 2/CWTS is centered on active community involvement. The course involves conceptualizing and executing activities that address the specific needs of the community in various domains: Health Education Environment Entrepreneurship Recreation Safety Moral Ascendancy Research and other social welfare services. Citizenship and Nation-Building Chapter 2: The Youth Overview of Youth in Nation-Building The youth are recognized by the state as a vital segment of the population, encompassing individuals aged fifteen to thirty. This period marks critical growth NSTP REVIWER 11  and development from adolescence to responsible adulthood. According to Article 2, Section 13 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the government acknowledges the essential role of the youth in nation-building. It emphasizes the need to promote their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being, while instilling values of patriotism and nationalism. The state actively encourages their engagement in public and civic affairs. The Youth in Nation-Building Act The Youth in Nation-Building Act, formally known as Republic Act 8044, was enacted to create the National Youth Commission (NYC). The NYC functions as the central policy-making and coordinating body for all government initiatives aimed at addressing youth-related concerns. This act outlines specific guidelines and procedures to implement policies that recognize the youth's significant influence in nation-building and promote their overall well-being. Key Functions of the National Youth Commission: Formulating policies that support youth development Implementing youth programs to enhance the quality of life Establishing connections with international youth organizations Objectives of the Youth in Nation-Building Act: Emphasize the youth's crucial role in nation-building efforts Promote their general well-being and sense of patriotism Encourage active involvement in civic and public matters Important Details: The law was officially implemented on September 14, 1998. It recognizes the need for youth programs aimed at reducing poverty and improving life conditions among young Filipinos. It underscores the importance of fostering a sense of national identity and participation in governance among the youth. NSTP REVIWER 12  Chapter 3: Filipino Core Values, Characteristics, and Citizenship Morals Filipino Core Values Filipinos are characterized by four fundamental values: Maka- Diyos, Makatao, Makakalikasan, and Makabansa. These values reflect the unique qualities of the Filipino populace; however, the contemporary generation often overlooks them in favor of current socio-economic trends. Detailed Explanation of Core Values: Maka-Diyos (God-Loving): Represents spiritual beliefs while upholding the rights of others. Involves participation in meaningful spiritual activities and respecting sacred places. Encourages a commitment to ethical principles, fostering truth and openness to learning about diverse beliefs. Makatao (Humanitarian): Encourages sensitivity to individual, social, and cultural differences, emphasizing respect for all. Promotes the idea that mistakes are opportunities for learning and personal growth. Involves volunteering to help others, recognizing the dignity of every individual, including those with special needs. Makakalikasan (Environmental Steward): Advocates for responsible resource use and deep respect for the environment. Encourages energy conservation, waste management, and practices that protect natural resources. Makabansa (Nationalistic): NSTP REVIWER 13  Instills pride in being Filipino and emphasizes the importance of identifying as a citizen of the nation. Promotes respect for national symbols such as the flag and anthem and appreciation for cultural diversity within the Philippines. Preamble of the Constitution The Preamble eloquently captures the aspirations of the Filipino people. It emphasizes the importance of building a just and humane society governed by the ideals of truth, justice, equality, and peace, while recognizing reliance on a higher power. Nationalism vs. Patriotism It is essential to distinguish between nationalism and patriotism: Nationalism involves an ideology where individuals believe in the superiority of their nation over others. It can lead to exclusionary attitudes and behaviors. Patriotism, on the other hand, is characterized by healthy pride in one’s country, fostering loyalty and a desire to contribute positively to the community. Examples of Nationalism in Practice: The Brexit movement, where a nationalistic approach aimed to regain autonomy for Great Britain from the European Union. Political slogans such as "Make America Great Again" used in U.S. elections demonstrate how nationalism can impact political landscapes. In the Philippines, President Duterte utilized nationalistic sentiments during his campaign with the slogan "Change is coming," highlighting how emotions tied to national identity can mobilize voters. Volunteer Act of 2007 The Volunteer Act of 2007 mandates the state to encourage active participation from various sectors of society in public and civic affairs. This act also promotes the concept of volunteerism as crucial for national development and international engagement. It aims to rekindle the tradition of bayanihan, which fosters NSTP REVIWER 14  community cooperation towards achieving social justice and sustainable development. Through the incorporation of such values and laws, the nation aspires to create a society where the youth play a pivotal role in shaping its future, thereby harmonizing individual well-being with collective national progress. Synthesis of Republic Act 9418 (Volunteerism Act of 2007) Overview: Republic Act 9418, also known as the Volunteerism Act of 2007, aims to institutionalize strategies for rural and urban development while strengthening the sense of volunteerism among Filipinos and their communities. This module focuses on the law governing volunteerism, its components, guiding principles, and facets of implementation. Objectives: Develop an understanding of volunteerism among students. Instill the value of volunteering and the appreciation of serving without expecting returns. Create a volunteer action plan and participate in related volunteer activities. Key Definitions: 1. Volunteerism: A broad range of activities, including mutual aid and developmental interventions, that create an empowering environment for both volunteers and beneficiaries. 2. Volunteer: An individual or group contributing time, service, and resources to social development causes, motivated by socio-developmental, corporate, or personal convictions. 3. Volunteer Service Organization (VSO): Groups that recruit, train, and support volunteers for various programs, providing resources for the common good. 4. Voluntary Sector: Sectors of society that organize volunteers for advocacy and action aimed at local, national, and international development. Goals of the Act: NSTP REVIWER 15  1. Provide a policy framework to harmonize diverse efforts in the voluntary sector. 2. Create a conducive environment for mobilizing and nurturing volunteers and volunteer organizations. 3. Strengthen the Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA) as the lead institution for supporting volunteerism. Areas of Volunteerism: Government and Public Administration Culture and Values Agriculture Trade, Services, and Energy Health Education Social Services Science, Technology, and Innovation Communications and Technology Peace and Security Safety and Resilience Environment Types of Volunteerism: In the Academe: Involves providing technical assistance and enhancing educational quality while offering career exposure to volunteers. In the Corporate Sector: Reflects corporate social responsibility, where employees volunteer their skills and resources for community service. By Not-for-Profit Organizations: Focuses on service delivery and advocacy for underserved communities and vulnerable groups. Government Role: The government coordinates and encourages the participation of the voluntary sector in promoting and recognizing volunteerism for national NSTP REVIWER 16  development and international cooperation. The PNVSCA is responsible for implementing the provisions of this Act. Benefits of Volunteerism: Enhances social interaction, improving mental and physical health. Contributes to better brain function and lowers risks of depression and anxiety. Boosts immune system and overall well-being. Provides a sense of accomplishment and builds supportive social networks. Key Takeaways: Volunteerism is essential for community development and personal growth. Engaging in volunteer activities fosters social responsibility and teamwork. Volunteers gain valuable experience, improve self-esteem, and make a meaningful difference in society. 1. Volunteerism: Refers to a wide range of activities aimed at providing mutual aid and developmental interventions, creating an empowering environment for both volunteers and beneficiaries. 2. Republic Act 9418: Also known as the Volunteer Act of 2007, this law institutionalizes strategies for rural and urban development and promotes volunteerism among Filipinos. 3. Volunteer: An individual or group that contributes time, service, and resources to a social development cause, motivated by socio-developmental or corporate commitments, believing their efforts are mutually beneficial. 4. Volunteer Service Organization (VSO): A group that recruits, trains, deploys, and supports volunteers for various programs, providing resources like information and advocacy for the common good. 5. Voluntary Sector: Sectors of society that organize volunteers for advocacy and action, focusing on local, national, and international development. 6. Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA): The lead agency responsible for supporting and coordinating volunteerism efforts in the Philippines. NSTP REVIWER 17  7. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Activities undertaken by companies where employees volunteer their time and skills to benefit internal or external communities, reflecting the company's commitment to social responsibility. 8. Benefits of Volunteerism: Includes improved mental and physical health, social interaction, personal accomplishment, and the development of social networks, which can enhance overall well-being. 9. Implementation and Execution: Refers to the actions taken by the PNVSCA to carry out the provisions of the Volunteer Act and promote volunteerism in various sectors. 10. Social Responsibility: The obligation of individuals and organizations to act for the benefit of society at large, often demonstrated through volunteer activities. Understanding The Self and Others 1. Johari Window - A model used to understand self-awareness and interpersonal relationships, consisting of four selves: Public Self - Known to self and others. Private (Hidden) Self - Known to self but not to others. Blind Self - Known to others but not to self. Undiscovered Self - Unknown to both self and others. 2. Open Persona - A person who is self-aware and willing to share themselves with others. 3. Naive Persona - A person with a large Blind Self, often unaware of how they are perceived by others. 4. Secret Persona - A person with a large Private Self, appearing distant and secretive. 5. Mysterious Persona - A person who is a mystery to themselves and others, acting in strange ways. NSTP REVIWER 18  6. Johari Test - An exercise for self-discovery using a set of adjectives to identify different aspects of the self. 7. Self-assessment - The process of gathering information about oneself to make informed career decisions. 8. Types of Self-assessment: Self-driven - Assessment that does not require professional interpretation. Professional Interpretation - Assessment that requires a trained professional to interpret results. 9. Interests - Activities that one enjoys, often assessed through interest inventories. 10. Values - Important aspects of life that contribute to fulfillment and satisfaction. 11. Skills - Abilities to perform activities proficiently, which can be acquired through education, experience, or inherent talent. 12. RIASEC - A system categorizing interests into six types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. Human Dignity and Human Rights 1. Human Rights: Inherent rights belonging to all individuals by virtue of their humanity. 2. 1987 Constitution: The Philippine Constitution that emphasizes the dignity of every person and guarantees human rights. 3. Commission on Human Rights: An independent national institution in the Philippines tasked with promoting and protecting human rights. 4. First Generation Rights: Civil and political rights, including the right to life, liberty, and freedom of expression. 5. Second Generation Rights: Economic, social, and cultural rights, such as the right to work and education. NSTP REVIWER 19  6. Third Generation Rights: Collective rights, including the right to a healthy environment and development. 7. Extrajudicial Killings: Unlawful killings carried out by state or state-sponsored actors. 8. Red-Tagging: The practice of labeling individuals or organizations as communists, often leading to harassment or violence. 9. Freedom of Expression: The right to express one's opinions without censorship or restraint. 10. Child Labor: The exploitation of children through work that deprives them of their childhood and education. 11. Due Process: Legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person. 12. Vulnerable Groups: Populations that are at greater risk of human rights violations, such as children, women, and migrant workers. 13. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A foundational document that outlines the fundamental human rights to be universally protected. 14. Inalienable Rights: Rights that cannot be taken away or transferred. 15. Indivisible Rights: The concept that all human rights are equally important and cannot be ranked or separated. Gender and Development 1. Gender Stereotyping - Overgeneralization of characteristics and attributes based on gender. 2. Gender Discrimination - Unequal treatment of individuals based on gender. 3. Development - A process that creates growth and positive change in various components (economic, social, etc.). 4. Capability Approach - A definition of development by Amartya Sen, focusing on enabling individuals to reach their highest potential. NSTP REVIWER 20  5. 1987 Philippine Constitution - Legal framework recognizing the equality of women and men and the role of communication in nation-building. 6. Magna Carta for Women (RA 9710) - A law that protects women's rights and defines discrimination against women in the Philippines. 7. SOGIE (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression) Bill - Legislation aimed at recognizing and protecting the rights of individuals regardless of their sexual orientation and gender identity. 8. Sexual Orientation - Refers to whom a person is attracted to (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, asexual). 9. Transgender - Individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from the gender assigned at birth. 10. Intersex - Individuals born with sex characteristics that do not fit typical definitions of male or female. 11. Non-Binary - A gender identity that falls outside the traditional male/female binary. Drug Education, Alcoholism, and Smoking Drugs Drugs: Substances that affect physiology or psychology when consumed. Drug Abuse: Using legal or illegal substances inappropriately. Drug Dependence: A psychic and physical state characterized by compulsions to take a drug. Drug Prevention: Programs designed to educate and support communities in reducing drug dependency. Classification of Drugs Stimulants: Drugs that increase arousal (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamines, nicotine, ecstasy). NSTP REVIWER 21  Depressants: Substances that reduce arousal and stimulation, affecting the central nervous system. Narcotics: Substances that dull the senses and relieve pain. Hallucinogens: Psychoactive agents that cause hallucinations and perceptual changes. Inhalants: Substances with psychoactive properties that are inhaled. Top 10 Drugs of Concern Heroin Cocaine Methamphetamine Crack Cocaine Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Ecstasy Opium Marijuana Psilocybin Mushrooms Phencyclidine (PCP) Alcoholism Alcoholism: A disease characterized by repeated consumption of alcoholic beverages. Ethanol: The type of alcohol found in drinks. Alcohol Metabolism: The process of alcohol absorption and its effects on nutrient metabolism. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC): The amount of alcohol in the blood. Smoking Tobacco: A primary risk factor for non-communicable diseases. NSTP REVIWER 22  Passive Smoking: Breathing in second-hand smoke. Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003: Legislation prohibiting smoking in certain public areas. Health Effects of Smoking: Includes cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nicotine: The addictive chemical in cigarettes. Smoking Cessation Aids: Medications approved to help quit smoking (e.g., nicotine patches, gum, bupropion, varenicline). NSTP REVIWER 23