Psychosocial Aspects of Health and Disease PDF

Psychosocial Aspects of Health and Disease Concepts of Health and Illness Lecture 7 Presented by: Mohammed Alnamlah Externa Perfonal routine Review of last lecture Three primary components shape behavior: 1-external factors such as societal influence. 2-personal beliefs and history. 3-routine h...

Psychosocial Aspects of Health and Disease Concepts of Health and Illness Lecture 7 Presented by: Mohammed Alnamlah Externa Perfonal routine Review of last lecture Three primary components shape behavior: 1-external factors such as societal influence. 2-personal beliefs and history. 3-routine habits. General Theories & Models: 1. Learning theories/ behavioural analytic theories of change. 2. Social learning/ social cognitive theory 3. Theory of Reasoned Action 4. Theory of Planned Behaviour Health Action Process approach Transtheoretical theory/ Stages of Change Model Behaviorism Psychosocial Aspects of Cardiac Rehabilitation: 6 in Coordinated, multidimensional interventions designed to optimize a cardiac patient’s physical, psychological, and social functioning so that they may, by their own efforts, resume and maintain as normal a place as possible in the community. Psychosocial Aspects of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Goals: Decrease the pathophysiologic and psychosocial effects of heart disease. Limit the risk for reinfections or sudden death. Relieve cardiac symptoms. Delay or reversewe atherosclerosis (thickening or hardening of the arteries) by instituting programs for exercise training, education, counseling, and risk factor alteration. Reintegrate heart disease patients into successful functional status in their families and in society. 0 Psychosocial Aspects of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Benefits: Balance the harmful psychological and physiological effects of bed rest during hospitalization. Enable patients to return to activities of daily living within the limits imposed by their disease. Reduces cardiovascular and total mortality. m Psychosocial Aspects of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Contraindication: Unstable Angina which is chest pain that caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. Block Resting Systolic Blood Pressure >200 mm hg. Resting Diastolic Blood Pressure >100 mm hg. Recent embolism which is a sudden blockage of the blood flow. C Moderate to severe Aortic Stenosis Acute Systemic illness or fever. Orthopedic problems that would prohibit exercise. Poorly controlled hypertension. Patients unwilling to exercise. s 7200 Psychosocial Aspects of Cardiac Rehabilitation: First to focus: Patient Assessment. Nutritional Counseling. Weight Management. Blood Pressure Management. Lipid Management. Diabetes Management. Tobacco Cessation. Psychosocial Management. Exercise Training & Physical Activity Counseling. E Psychosocial Aspects of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Is Reduction in Risk Factors: Blood lipids, Significant reductions of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, an increase in HDL-cholesterol with training, Hypertension control, Regular exercise helps keep arteries elastic (flexible), to ensure good blood flow and normal blood pressure, Consistent long term exercise can result in decreasing the level of blood pressure through the exercises. Glucose intolerance, Lower serum insulin level after training because of increase in insulin sensitivity at the cellular level. Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: Phase 1: Duration: 5 to 7 days. Components: Medical evaluation this Reassurance and education Correction of cardiac misconception Risk factor assessment Early individualized Mobilization Discharge planning. Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: Phase 1: Duration: 5 to 7 days. Goals: Assessment of hemodynamic responses to self-care and progressive ambulation activities Determination of the effectiveness of the patient’s medications in controlling abnormal responses to activity Establishment of clinical data that contribute to the patient’s prognosis and thus to optimal medical management. Early behavior modification and risk factor reduction along with family education. Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: Phase 2 • Duration : 8th day to 6 weeks (immediate post-discharge phase) Components: Addresses health education Exercise Stress management 8 Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: Phase 2 Goals: Increase exercise capacity and endurance in a safe and progressive manner Teach the patient to apply techniques of self-monitoring to home activities Relieve anxiety and depression Increase patient’s knowledge Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: Phase 3 1 The patient has stabilized and requires ECG monitoring only if signs and symptoms necessitate. Duration : 6 weeks to 12 weeks Begins with symptom limited ECG Result of this test are used to determine a target HR for exercise training. Goals: Improve and maintain physical fitness Provide professional supervision for exercise Continue with educational and behavioral program. Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: Phase 4 Goals Continued improvement and maintenance of fitness. Unsupervised exercise program Self exercise Long term behavioral modifications Thank you