Anatomy of the Neck - Anterior Triangle - Part 1 PDF

Anatomy of the neck Anterior triangle - part 1 The Anterior Triangle, Infrahyoid Muscles, Structures in the Midline of the Neck Dr. Mohamed El fiky Professor of anatomy and Embryology The Anterior Triangle Midline of the Neck MOHA...

Anatomy of the neck Anterior triangle - part 1 The Anterior Triangle, Infrahyoid Muscles, Structures in the Midline of the Neck Dr. Mohamed El fiky Professor of anatomy and Embryology The Anterior Triangle Midline of the Neck MOHAMED EL FIKY Divisions of The Anterior Triangle The ifffed 1- submental 2- digastric sometimecalled submandibulartriangle 3- carotid 4- Muscular MOHAMED EL FIKY Roof of The Anterior Triangle Skin Superficial Fascia Anterior Jugular vein Platysma Investing of Deep fascia MOHAMED EL FIKY The Submental Triangle MOHAMED EL FIKY  Submental Triangle Boundaries : Submental Lymph nodes Submental Submental Apex : symphysis menti. veins artery Base : body of the hyoid bone On each side : the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Floor: the two mylohyoid muscles with their median raphe. Contents: 1.Submental lymph nodes 2. Submental vessels. 3.Mylohyoid nerve. branchfrommandibularnerve MOHAMED EL FIKY  Digastric Triangle Boundaries: Above : lower border of the mandible. Blow and in front : anterior belly of digastric. Below and behind : posterior belly of digastric. Floor : 1.Mylohyoid muscle : anteriorly. 2.Hyoglossus muscle : posteriorly. Contents : (A) Glands: 1. Submandibular gland. 2. Part of the parotid gland. 3. Submandibular lymph nodes. MOHAMED EL FIKY (B)Vessels : WE 1. Facial artery : deep to the submandibulr gland. 2. Facial vein : superficial to the submandibular gland. r 3. Submental artery : superficial to the mylohyoid muscle. 4. Mylohyoid vessels : superficial to the mylohyoid muscle (C) Nerve themuscleofthetongue supply 1. Hypoglossal nerve : lies on the hyoglossus and then disappears under the mylohyoid muscle. 2. Nerve to mylohyoid : superficial to the mylohyoid muscle. MOHAMED EL FIKY  Z Carotid Triangle Carotid Triangle Hyoglossus Thyrohyoid Middle and Inferior constrictor of pharynx Longus Capitis MOHAMED EL FIKY  Contents of Carotid Triangle A- Arteries B- Nerves C-Veins 8- Ascending pharyngeal 7- Occipital 1- Glossopharyngeal n. D- Lymph nodes 6- Facial 2- Vagus n. 1- Internal jugular 5- Lingual 3- Spinal accessory n. 4- Sup. Thyroid Upper and Lower 4- Hypoglossal n. deep cervical lymph nodes 2- Common facial 5- Ansa cervicalis 3- Internal carotid 2- External carotid 1- Common carotid MOHAMED EL FIKY  theexternalcarotidarterygive8branchs 5branchspresentincarotidsheath the3branchsmaxillary Boundaries : superficial auricular temporalposterior Behind : sternomastoid muscle in front and above : posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles in frontand below : superior belly of omohyoid muscle Floor : Anterior part : hyoglossus and thyrohyoid muscles Posterior part : middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx. Contents : seedthe larotidsheathwill artery internalcarotidartery internaljugular commoncarotid vein nerveinsidecarotidsheath vagus andatthebeginning lower4cranialnerve A) Vessels : thecarotidsheath ansacervicalis nerve nerveinfront 1- Common carotid artery. nervebehindcarotidsheathcervicalsympatheticchain 2- Internal carotid artery. MOHAMED EL FIKY 3- External carotid artery and all its branches except the posterior auricular and the two terminal branches e 3- Internal jugular vein and 3 of its tributaries (common facial , lingual and superior thyroid). f e B) Nerves: 1. Last 3 cranial nerves (vagus, spinal accessory and hypoglossal). Iincarotisheath 2. Cervical sympathetic chain. 3. Ansa cervicalis frontofcarotidsheath C) Lymph nodes : deep cervical lymph nodes along the internal jugular vein.  Muscular or Thyroid Triangle Boundaries : In front : median line of the neck Postero-superiorly: behind and above : superior superior belly of omohyoid. belly of omohyoid. Behind and below : Anteriorly: sternomastoid: midline of the neck (from hyoid Contents : infrahyoid bone to sternum). site muscles which include: Sternohyoid. Omohyoid. Sternothyroid. Postero-inferiorly: lower part of anterior border Thyrohyoid. of the sternomastoid. musclefromthe sternumandattachtohyoidbone called sternohyoidmuscle musclefromsternumtothyroidcartilagecalled sterno thyroidmuscle musclefromthyroidcartilage tohyoidbone thyrohyoidmuscle MOHAMED EL FIKY  Infrahyoid Muscles The infrahyoid muscles are ribbon- like and arranged in two layers: a. Superficial layer: Sternohyoid (medially) Thyrohyoid m. Superior belly of omohyoid Sternothyroid m. (laterally) b. Deep layer : Sternothyroid (below) Thyrohyoid (above) Omohyoid m. Sternohyoid m. MOHAMED EL FIKY MOHAMED EL FIKY The Ansa Cervicalis MOHAMED EL FIKY