6VP MKehl Joints and Ligaments Spring 2024 PDF

Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Joints and Ligaments Courtesy of Dr. Terri Clark Learning Objectives Describe the various categories of joints and their features and give examples. Describe the defining features of synovial joints. Describe accessory structures associated...

Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Joints and Ligaments Courtesy of Dr. Terri Clark Learning Objectives Describe the various categories of joints and their features and give examples. Describe the defining features of synovial joints. Describe accessory structures associated with synovial joints. Correctly name the joints of the thoracic and pelvic limbs in the dog and horse. Joints (articulations) Joints Formed where two or more bones come together Some allow movements between the bones - locomotion Some are firm - allow limited or no motion between bones Categories Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial Fibrous Joints Designed for limited or no movement Examples: Sutures of skull Membranes join skull bones of young animals Membranes gradually eliminated when bones stop growing When sutures are closed, form immobile joints Teeth in sockets Gomphosis is a fibrous mobile peg-andsocket joint. The roots of the teeth (the pegs) fit into their sockets in the mandible and maxilla and are the only examples of this type of joint. Exception to bone to bone Cartilaginous Joints Semi-movable joints, some restricted motion Joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage Examples: intervertebral discs, pelvic symphysis, mandibular symphysis Pelvic symphysis Intervertebral disc Mandibular symphysis Synovial Joints Movable joints! Articulating bones are separated by a fluid-filled space called the joint cavity. Examples: Joints between bones of the limbs (e.g., shoulder, elbow, carpus, digits, etc.) Joints between articular processes of vertebrae Joints between ribs and vertebrae Synovial Joints Defining features: Articulating bones – ends covered by articular (hyaline) cartilage Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane Fibrous joint capsule that is lined by the synovial membrane Synovial Joints Accessory structures for greater joint stability Ligament Band of tough fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage Extracapsular (e.g.: collateral lig., patellar lig.) Intra-capsular (e.g.: cruciate lig. Meniscus (pl. menisci) Fibrocartilage disc located within a synovial cavity Allows for smoother connection between articulating ends of bones Joints of the Thoracic Limb DOG Scapulohumeral (shoulder) jt. HORSE Elbow jt. Carpal jt. Metacarpophalangeal jt. Fetlock jt. Proximal interphalangeal jt. Pastern jt. Distal interphalangeal jt. Coffin jt. Joints of the Pelvic limb HORSE Sacroiliac jt. Coxofemoral jt. Stifle jt. Tarsal jt. Metatarsophalangeal jt. Fetlock jt. Proximal interphalangeal jt. Pastern jt. Coffin jt. Distal interphalangeal jt. DOG