Theoretical Foundations of Nursing PDF

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING VENNESS ANN M. AMOROSO ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph AT THE END OF THIS LECTURE THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. REVIEW AND FAMILIARIZE WITH THE PAST LECTURE: IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF NURSIN...

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING VENNESS ANN M. AMOROSO ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph AT THE END OF THIS LECTURE THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. REVIEW AND FAMILIARIZE WITH THE PAST LECTURE: IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF NURSING THEORIES 2. IDENTIFY THE NURSING TRANSITION, NURSING ERAS AND KEY PERSONS IN THE HISTORY OF NURSING. 3. DISCUSS NON NURSING THEORIES THAT IS USED IN NURSING. 4. IDENTIFY THE PHILIPPINE BOARD OF NURSING MEMBERS ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph History of Nursing Theories ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  196 Faye Abdellah published her work 1960 “Typology of 21 Nursing Problems,” 0 HISTORY 1955 Virginia Henderson conceptualized the nurse’s role OF NURSING 195 Hildegard Peplau introduced 1952 her Theory of Interpersonal THEORIES 2 Relations Florence Nightingale defined nursing 1860 in her “Environmental Theory” ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Dorothea Orem stated in her theory that nursing care is required if the client is unable to fulfill 1971 biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs. HISTORY 1970 Martha Rogers viewed nursing as both a science and an art OF NURSING Dorothy Johnson pioneered THEORIES 1968 the Behavioral System Model Ida Jean Orlando emphasized the 1962 reciprocal relationship of pt and nurse ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Jean Watson developed the philosophy of caring, highlighted humanistic aspects of nursing as they 1979 intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice. Sr. Callista Roy viewed the individual as a set of HISTORY 1979 interrelated systems that maintain the balance between these various stimuli. OF NURSING Stress reduction is the goal of the THEORIES 1972 system model of nursing practice as per Betty Neuman Imogene King‘s Theory of Goal 1971 attainment ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Christian Organizations that Provided Care for the Sick ORGANIZATION CONTRIBUTION ▪ Parabolani Brotherhood ▪ Provided care during the great plaque in Alexandria ▪ Knights of St. John of Jerusalem ▪ The organizations were responsible (AKA – the Knight of Hospitalers) for the development of early ▪ Teutonic Knights managerial and administrative ▪ Knights of Lazarus standards in providing care in the hospitals. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 7 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ▪ Camillus De Lellis ▪ Considered as the patron saint of nurses. Order of Christian charity providing care for the poor, sick, dying and prisoners. ▪ Sisters of Charity ▪ Established by St. Vincent de Paul in France ▪ It provides services to the community ▪ Order of ▪ Founded at Keiserswerth, Germany. Deaconesses Recognized the role of women in giving services for the sick. It also initiated the establishment of training school for nurses. ▪ Knights of St. John ▪ One of the first nursing orders focusing on of Jerusalem the welfare of the sick, individuals ▪ Alexian Brotherhood ST. A Lexperiencing E X I U S C O Lfamine, L E G E and severe disease. 8 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing OVERVIEW From history we have seen a change from directly caring for those that are ill to include illness prevention and health promotion based upon new technology and better understanding of other approaches to care. Industrialization has advanced to offer better lifestyles for Filipinos. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 9 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing Nursing in the Early 20th Century In 2005, Fahrenwald state that caring is a multidimensional concept that is best demonstrated by nurse’s ability to embody the five core values of professional nursing. Core nursing values that are essential to nursing education include human dignity, integrity, autonomy, altruism, and social justice. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 10 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Core Nursing Values Caring is a multidimensional concept that is best demonstrated by nurse’s ability to embody the five core values of professional nursing. (Fahrenwald 2005) 1. Human Dignity 2. Integrity 3. Autonomy 4. Altruism 5. Social Justice ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Core Nursing Values Match Column A with Column B A. Being honest and demonstrating strong moral principles 1.Human Dignity B. the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically 2.Integrity 3.Autonomy C. Fairness in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society 4.Altruism D. the belief in or practice selfless concern for the well-being 5.Social Justice of others: E. means that a person or group is capable of making rational decisions on their own behalf, without interference from others. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing Nursing in the Early 20th Century Major Developments *use of experimentation to gain new knowledge emerged. Nurses’ actions are based on factual evidence and scientific data. *positivism became prevalent in the discovery of truth and development of science. *empirical and objective data as the focus of interest to test and determine what is true and what it is not. *emergence of radical thinking such as rationalism and empiricism ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 13 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing Nursing in the Early 20th Century Rationalism – makes use of reason gained thru expert study and tested theory and established facts to evidently prove something. Reasoning is used for the main purpose of knowing the harm or benefits of an act to an individual. Deductive type of reasoning – is used to generate rationalist view which starts from the general to specific knowledge. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 14 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing Nursing in the Early 20th Century Empiricism – makes use of objective and tangible data or those that are perceived by the senses to observe and collect data. Inductive type of reasoning -the nurse piece together all of the pertinent assessment data to formulate diagnosis. e.g. “it hurts too much to take deep breaths” - decreased breath sounds - pulse 106 bpm - crackles - respi. 26 and shallow - pulse oximeter ST. A L E X I90% US COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph 15  The Evolution of Nursing Nursing in the Early 20th Century Rationalism – use of logical reasoning Empericism – use of objective data information from the observation or utilization of the 5 senses. Reasoning Inductive – Specific to General (Empiricism) Deductive – General to Specific (Rationalism) ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 16 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  DEDUCTIVE REASONING - Rationalism A male patient had abdominal surgery with a pain level so high that it hurt to take deep breathes. As a result, he is breathing very shallow. When applying deductive reasoning to this situation, you can deduce the following: shallow breathing can cause hypoventilation and hypoventilation in postoperative patients may lead to decreased PaCO2 and SO2, atelectasis, and pneumonia. Therefore, resolving the pain will allow the patient to breathe deeper, increase ventilation, and decrease the risk of hypoventilation and its related complications. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  INDUCTIVE REASONING - Empiricism “it hurts too much to take deep breaths” - decreased breath sounds - pulse 106 bpm - crackles - respi. 26 and shallow - pulse oximeter 90% Ineffective breathing pattern related to pain as evidenced by verbalized complaint; and Signs & Symptoms identified. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Nursing Science and Theory in the LATE 20th Century THE RISE OF THE DIFFERENT NURSING THEORIES THAT GUIDES CLINICAL PRACTICE ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Nursing HAS THEN EMERGED as the nursing it is now and is continuously growing ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  PROFESSIONAL ROLES OF NURSES CARE PROVIDER COMMUNICATOR TEACHER EXPANDED ROLES COUNSELOR Nurse Generalist CLIENT ADVOCATE Nurse Clinician CHANGE AGENT Nurse Practitioner LEADER Nurse Specialist MANAGER RESEARCHER ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing th Nursing Leaders of the 20 Century NURSING LEADER YEAR CONTRIBUTION TO NURSING MAY GRANT 1854 Worked together with Florence Nightingale SEACOLE during the Crimean War to give aid for the (ENGLAND) wounded soldiers. FLORENCE 1859 Referred as the “Lady with the Lamp”. NIGHTINGALE Contributed to the development of nursing (ENGLAND) education, practice and administration. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 22 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing DOROTHEA LYNDE 1861 Appointed superintendent of the Female DIX Nurses of the Union Army during the (USA) American Civil War. LOUISA MAY 1862-1863 Wrote the book “Hospital Sketches “as she ALCOTT described the works of volunteer nurses (USA) during the civil war. HARRIET TUBMAN 1861-1865 “The Moses of Her People” (USA) She serves the slaves of the underground railroad during the Civil War. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 23 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  WALT WHITMAN 1862-1865 Worked together with Louisa Alcott during the Civil War. USA) SOJOURNER TRUTH 1862-1865 Worked as a nurse during the Civil War and a nurse-counselor for the Freedman’s (USA) Relief Association after. JEAN HENRI DUNANT 1862-1865 Organized the International Conference that founded the Red Cross during the (SWITZERLAND) Geneva Convention. LUCY OSBORNE 1868 Developed Australia’s first school for nurses after training in St. Thomas (AUSTRALIA) Hospital under the supervision of Nightingale when she became the superintendent at Sydney Hospital. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 24 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing LINDA JUDSON 1873 America’s first trained nurse RICHARDS Pioneer in Industrial and psychiatric (USA) nursing. MARY MAHONEY 1873 First trained black American. (USA) Nursing leader who encouraged a respect for cultural diversity. She received an award on her significant contributions towards improving relationships among multicultural diversities. CLARA BARTON 1812-1912 Organized and established the American (USA) ST. A L E XRed I U SCross COLLEGE 25 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing MARY AGNES 1884 Developed the Toronto General Hospital SNIVELY School of Nursing and was the first (CANADA) president of the Canadian Nurses Association. 8. LILLIAN WALD 1867 Founder of Public Health Nursing. She also (USA) founded the Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nurse Service which provided nursing services educationally, socially, and culturally. BEDFORD FENWICK 1899 Established the International Council of Nurses in Great Britain. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 26 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing MARY 1861- Established the Frontier Nursing Services BRECKENRIDGE 1965 (FNS) which started at Leslie County, MARY (USA) AGNES 1884 Kentucky. SNIVELY She also opened one of the first (CANADA) midwifery training schools during her time and introduced delivery of health LILLIAN WALD 1867 care to rural area. (USA) 9. ISABEL BEDFORD 1893- 1899 Established the American Nurses HAMPTON ROBB FENWICK 1896 Association and National League of (USA) Nursing Education. Support the rights of nursing students. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 27 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing CLARA LOUISE 1876- Worked as a contract nurse with the US MASS 1901 Army during the Spanish-American War. (USA) MARGARET 1879- Founder of Planned Parenthood which HIGGINS SANGER 1966 initiated and disseminated the use of (USA) birth control information. LAVINIA L. DOCK 1858- During the 1920, she contributed in the (USA) 1956 19th amendment of the American Constitution, particularly in protest for the rights of women during her time. The author of Materia-Medica for nurses ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 28 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing DR. LAURANNE 1971 Served as the first president of the SAMS National Black Nurses Association. (USA) LUCILLE KINLEIN 1972 First independent nurse practitioner (USA) DR. ILDAURA 1974 Served as the first president of National MAURILLO-ROHDE Hispanic Nurses Association (USA) EDDIE BERNICE 1992 The first nurse to be elected to the United JOHNSON States House of Representatives (USA) ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 29 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing JULIA R. PLOTNIK 1962 Served as the Chief Nurse Officer, (USA) Rear Admiral and became an active leader in policy coordination for the US Surgeon General ADA SUE 1993 Directed the National Center for HINSHAW Nursing Research to become the (USA) International Institute for Nursing Research under the National Institutes for Health. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 30 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines CESARIA TAN ▪ First Filipino nurse who had master’s Degree in Nursing in the United States SOCORO SIRILAN ▪ Reformed social service for indigenous patients at San Lazaro Hospital MAGDALENA ▪ First Filipino Industrial Nurse VALENZUELA ANNIE SAND ▪ Founded the National League of Philippine Government Nurses (NLPGN) ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 31 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing CORNEL ELVEGIA ▪ First female Military Nurse MENDOZA LORETO G. ▪ Known as the Dean of Philippine Nursing TUPAS Education SOCORRO DIAZ ▪ First editor of “The Message” the first journal of Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) previously known as FNA (Filipino Nurses Association). CONCHITA RUIZ ▪ First editor of “The Filipino Nurses” the ST. A L E Xjournal second IUS COofL the L E GPNA. E 32 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing DR. JULITA V. ▪ Considered as the “Florence Nightingale of the Philippines” SOTEJO ▪ Founder and the first Dean of the UNIVERSITY OF THE Philippines College of Nursing (UPCN), who gave way to professional Nursing in the Philippines. ▪ Professor Emeritus of UPCN ▪ The author of Code of Ethics for Nurses (PRC-BON Res. #633, 1982). ▪ Chairman Committee on Legal Aspect of Nursing which created the first Philippine Nursing Law also known as the Republic Act No. 877 S. 1953. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 33 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing DR. JULITA V. ▪ Attended the Biennial Convention on May 1946 SOTEJO Contents: 1. Organization of the Board of Examiners of Nurses 2. Examination and Registration of Nurses 3. Nursing Practice ▪ Her biography was written by Luz Tungpalan, Dean UPCN, entitled Action Oriented Leadership (2001) ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 34 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  The Evolution of Nursing ANASTACIA ▪ First Filipino Nurse with a title of Nursing GIRON TUPAS Superintendent Chief Nurse at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) ▪ Founder of Filipino Nurses Association (FNA), at present known as the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) ROSARIO ▪ First President of the FNA MONTEMAYOR ▪ She was a graduate of Philippine General DELGADO Hospital School of Nursing in 1912. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 35 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  NURSING TODAY NURSING LAW Republic Act No. 9173 An act providing for a more responsive nursing profession, repealing for the purpose Republic Act No. 7164 otherwise known as “Philippine Nursing Act of 1991" ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 36 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  NURSING TODAY NURSING LAW There shall be creation of a professional regulatory board of nursing, hereinafter referred to as the board, to be composed of a chairperson and six (6) members. they shall be appointed by the president of the Republic of the Philippines from among two (2) recommendees, per vacancy, of the Professional Regulation Commission, hereinafter referred to as the commission, chosen and ranked from a list of three (3) nominees, per vacancy, of the accredited professional organization of nurses in the Philippines who possess the qualifications. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 37 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  NURSING TODAY BOARD OF NURSING (BON) Qualification of Board Members Any person who qualifies as chairman or member of the board shall automatically resign from any teaching position in any school, college or university and/ or review program for the local nursing board examinations or in any office or employment in the government or any subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries. He shall not have any pecuniary interest in or administrative supervision over any institution offering basic nursing education programs, including review classes. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 38 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  NURSING TODAY BOARD OF NURSING Carmelita C. Divinagracia, EdD was the former President of the Association of Deans of Philippine Colleges of Nursing (ADPCN) and the Dean of UERMMMC College of Nursing. She is also a member of CHED’s Technical Committee on Nursing Education. On 2008, Dean Divinagracia received the Anastacia Giron Tupas award. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 39 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 40 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 41 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 42 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 43 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph