Cardiovascular System Anatomy Pre-learning Report PDF

Report Course NURS514/2402 - Koiora Tangata 1 | Human Science 1 NURS514/2402 Lesson 6.1 Cardiovascular System Anatomy Pre-learning Email [email protected] Introduction 1. Match the components of the cardiovascular system with their functions. Heart...

Report Course NURS514/2402 - Koiora Tangata 1 | Human Science 1 NURS514/2402 Lesson 6.1 Cardiovascular System Anatomy Pre-learning Email [email protected] Introduction 1. Match the components of the cardiovascular system with their functions. Heart Blood vessels Blood vessels Heart Heart Anatomy 1. Identify these regions in the thoracic cavity. Apex Midline Base Base Midline Rib Rib Sternum Sternum Apex © 2. When a person is in the anatomical position, they are facing you. Therefore their left and right will be on the _______________________side, to your own. same opposite 3. Identify these heart chambers and valves. This diagram shows the heart viewed from the front with the person in the anatomical position. It is an anterior view of the heart. Aortic valve Pulmonary valve Bicuspid valve Left atrium Interventricular septum Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle Aortic valve Pulmonary valve Right atrium Right ventricle Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Interventricular septum © 4. Identify the major blood vessels that transport blood into and out of the heart. Aorta Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Aorta Left pulmonary artery Left pulmonary vein Left pulmonary artery Pulmonary trunk Right pulmonary artery Right pulmonary Left pulmonary vein vein Superior vena cava Pulmonary trunk Inferior vena cava Right pulmonary vein Right pulmonary artery 5. This diagram show a posterior view of the heart - it is viewed from the back. Identify these heart structures from this di erent perspective. Aorta Left pulmonary vein Aorta Superior vena cava Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right pulmonary vein Right pulmonary vein Left pulmonary vein Right atrium Left ventricle Right atrium Inferior vena cava Left ventricle © Just checking... Can you answer theis question now? How could you identify the chambers, valves and major blood vessels of the heart? Heart tissues, valves + intrinsic conduction system 1. Match the layers of the heart wall with their descriptions. Visceral Endocardium pericardium Parietal Myocardium pericardium Visceral Myocardium pericardium Parietal Endocardium pericardium 2. Identify the layers in the diagram below. Endocardium Visceral pericardium Myocardium Heart chamber Pericardial cavity Visceral pericardium Pericardial cavity Parietal pericardium Parietal pericardium Endocardium Myocardium Heart chamber © 3. Identify the components of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart. Sinoatrial (SA) node Sinoatrial (SA) node Right atrium (pacemaker) (pacemaker) Internodal pathway Atrioventricular (AV) Internodal pathway node Atrioventricular (AV) bundle Bundle branches Atrioventricular (AV) Purkinje bers node Interventricular septum Right atrium Atrioventricular (AV) bundle Bundle branches Interventricular septum Purkinje bers 4. The atria contract___________________ the ventricles. before after at the same time as 5. Both atria contract simultaneously, followed by both ventricles False True 6. Identify the heart valves and myocardium. Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve Myocardium Pulmonary valve Myocardium Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve Aortic valve Aortic valve Pulmonary valve © 7. Identify the parts of an AV valve and the events associated with the opening of these valves. Left atrium Right atrium Left atrium Chordae Tendineae Cusp of AV valve Cusp of AV valve Papillary muscle Left ventricle Chordae Tendineae Right atrium Right ventricle Papillary muscle Left ventricle Right ventricle © Just checking... Can you answer these questions now? Which tissue for each layer of the heart wall and what is the function of each? What is the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? In what order do electrical impulses pass through the components of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? What is the relationship between the electrical activity of the heart and the contraction of the heart's chambers? What is the function of the heart valves? What causes the atrioventricular and semilunar valves to open and close? b.Specialised nerve bres run through the walls of the heart providing a pathway for the electrical impulses that cause the myocardium to contract. These nerve bers form the intrinsic conduction system of the heart. e. they prevent the back ow of blood. These valves open and close in response to di erences in blood pressure on their two sides. Blood vessels 1. Identify the di erent types of blood vessels based on their size and their direction of blood ow. Arteriole Venule Capillaries Vein Artery Vein Artery Arteriole Venule Capillaries © 2. Use this table to summarise the structure of a blood vessel wall. Drag and drop the labels to match the names of the layers with the tissues that form them and their descriptions. Lumen Lumen Tunica intima Simple squamous Simple squamous epithelium (endothelium) Tunica intima epithelium (endothelium) Tunica media Smooth muscle + sheets Tunica media of elastin Smooth muscle + sheets of elastin Tunica externa Collagen bres Tunica externa (connective tissue) Collagen bres (connective tissue) 3. Drag and drop these labels to describe vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Blood ow through the blood Smooth muscle in blood vessel Blood ow through blood vessel vessel decreases wall contracts increases Blood ow through blood vessel Blood ow through the blood Smooth muscle in blood vessel increases vessel decreases wall relaxes Lumen becomes narrower Lumen becomes narrower Lumen becomes wider Lumen becomes wider Smooth muscle in blood vessel wall contracts Smooth muscle in blood vessel wall relaxes 4. In what ways do arteries and veins di er? Refer to the diagrams above. Arteries Veins Blood inside is under higher Blood inside is under lower pressure pressure Blood inside is under higher More smooth muscle in wall More connective tissue in wall pressure Thicker tunica media Usually carry oxygen-poor Blood inside is under lower blood (exceptions are pulmonary Usually carry oxygen-rich blood pressure and umbilical vessels) (exceptions are pulmonary and Does not have valves umbilical vessels) Has valves Wider lumen Transport blood away from the More connective tissue in wall heart Transport blood toward the heart More smooth muscle in wall Narrower lumen Thicker tunica externa Narrower lumen Does not have valves Has valves Thicker tunica externa Thicker tunica media Transport blood toward the heart Transport blood away from the heart Usually carry oxygen-poor blood (exceptions are pulmonary and umbilical vessels) Usually carry oxygen-rich blood (exceptions are pulmonary and umbilical vessels) Wider lumen 4. How does the structure of a capillary wall relate to its function? because of the capillary wall is made up of simple squamous epithelium. It is very thin. This allows small substances to di use easily between the blood and the interstitial uid Just checking... Can you answer these questions now? In what ways do the structures and functions of arteries, veins and capillaries di er? Flow of blood through the heart 1. Use this ow diagram to give a generalised description of blood ow through one side of the heart. Blood ows through an atrioventricular valve Blood ows through a semilunar valve Blood enters an atrium Blood enters a ventricle Blood ows through an atrioventricular valve Blood enters an atrium Blood enters a ventricle Blood ows through a semilunar valve 2. Use these labels to describe deoxygenated and oxygenated blood. Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood Bright red in colour High in carbon dioxide Low in carbon dioxide Dark red in colour Dark red in colour Bright red in colour High in carbon dioxide Low in oxygen High in oxygen High in oxygen Low in carbon dioxide Low in oxygen Just checking... Can you answer this question now? What path does blood take through the heart? Circulations 1. Identify the components of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Aorta Capillary beds of lungs Pulmonary Capillary beds of circulation lungs Capillary beds of other body tissues Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary circulation Pulmonary Pulmonary arteries veins Aorta Vena cavae Pulmonary veins Systemic circulation Vena cavae Systemic circulation Capillary beds of other body tissues © 2. Indicate whether the following statement relate to the systemic circuit or pulmonary circuit. Systemic circuit Pulmonary circuit Transports oxygen-poor blood Transports oxygen-poor blood Blood gains oxygen and loses from the body's tissues to the from the right ventricle to the carbon dioxide right atrium lungs Blood loses oxygen and gains Transports oxygen-rich blood Transports oxygen-rich blood carbon dioxide from the left ventricle to the from the lungs to the left atrium Transports oxygen-poor blood body's tissues from the body's tissues to the Blood gains oxygen and loses right atrium Blood loses oxygen and gains carbon dioxide carbon dioxide Transports oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs Transports oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body's tissues Transports oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium 3. Identify the left and right coronary arteries. Aorta Superior vena cava Aorta Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Left atrium Left ventricle Right coronary artery Left coronary artery Left atrium Left coronary artery Right coronary artery Left ventricle Inferior vena cava © Just checking... Can you answer these questions now? What are the systemic, pulmonary and coronary circulations?