Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries PDF

Bone, joint and muscle injuries By: Ignatius chan ref: chapter 12 Bone, joint, muscle Bone, joint, muscle Bone, joint, muscle A fracture happens when a bone is broken Due to an impact, pressure or stress Who are more prone to fractures? Bone, joint, muscle...

Bone, joint and muscle injuries By: Ignatius chan ref: chapter 12 Bone, joint, muscle Bone, joint, muscle Bone, joint, muscle A fracture happens when a bone is broken Due to an impact, pressure or stress Who are more prone to fractures? Bone, joint, muscle Types: - Compound (open) - Simple (closed) Bone, joint, muscle Signs and symptoms: - Pain - Loss of function - Deformity - Swelling and bruising - Wound?  Bone, joint, muscle 1. Remove clothing and jewelry around the injury site. 2. Check for signs of circulation below the injury. (SMCCT) 3. Manually support all fractures and dislocations in the position found, especially if there is an increase in pain or resistance is met when trying to move the area. A splint may be used. Apply appropriate (sterile) dressing and bandages to any open wounds.  Bone, joint, muscle 4. Conduct a secondary survey only to the extent needed and if able to do so. 5. Check for signs of circulation below the injury after the application of dressings, bandages and splints. (SMCCT) Bone, joint, muscle Femur fracture: - Strongest and largest long bone in the body - Risk for severe bleeding! Why? Bone, joint, muscle Bone, joint, muscle Signs and symptoms: - Obvious deformity of thigh - SEVERE pain - Unable to bear weight on leg - Shortening of one leg - Rotation Bone, joint, muscle Bone, joint, muscle Bones can dislocate from their normal positions/joint. Without X-ray, we cannot rule out that there are no fractures regardless. Bone, joint, muscle Dislocation Signs/symptoms: - Intense pain - Deformity of the joint area - Loss of movement - Bruising - Swelling Bone, joint, muscle Sprain/strain Signs and symptoms: - Pain - Muscle spasms, cramps or weakness - Swelling - Loss of function of joint Bone, joint, muscle Repetitive strain/sprain: Condition caused by prolonged repetitive tasks. Numbing, tingling, pain. 3 main risk factors: - Overuse - Poor posture - Poor technique when performing task  Bone, joint, muscle Have you noticed any similarities in fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains? All injured joints should be considered fractures until an x-ray or a scan is completed Bone, joint, muscle  What's the objective of splinting?  Don't forget to manually support the injured limb, as the patient may not have enough strength to support it.  Always verify SMCCT before and after treatment  What do we use to splint? Sam splint Cardboard splint Vacuum splint Vacuum mattress  Bone, joint, muscle General rules for first aid in splinting: 1- Bandage ABOVE and BELOW the joint/injury 2- Maximum padding in hollow spaces (what is that?) 3- Immobilize in the position found Bone, joint, muscle Arm sling: mostly for elbow, forearm, hand, wrist Bone, joint, muscle Tubular sling: mostly for shoulder and collarbone Collarbone/shoulder Return Return Elbow Return Return  Wrist 1. 2. 3. 4. Return Return Hand Return Return Knee Return Return Ankle Return Return