Quantitative Research Design PDF

Quantitative Research Design Practical Research 2 Senior High School Applied - Academic  Differentiate the research designs according to purpose and Learning procedure. Objectives Distinguish the resear...

Quantitative Research Design Practical Research 2 Senior High School Applied - Academic  Differentiate the research designs according to purpose and Learning procedure. Objectives Distinguish the research design At the end of the used in a quantitative research. lesson, you should be able to do the following: Assess the quality of a specific research design used in a quantitative research study. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 22  Quantitative Research Design *Experimental *Non-experimental ---True Experimental Research ---Descriptive Research ---Quasi-Experimental Research ---Correlational Research ---Pre-Experimental Research ---Comparative Research EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 3 Three most common types of descriptive research 1. Survey Research explores the trends in the characteristics of a group of people 2. Demographic Research describes basic life events EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 44 Three most common types of descriptive research 3. Epidemiological Research studies different patterns of disease and health EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 55 Sampling Procedure for Quantitative Research Practical Research 2 Senior High School Applied - Academic  Sampling in Quantitative Research Population is a group of people possessing a similar characteristic. Sample pertains to the subgroup or a portion from a population. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 77 What is the difference between sampling in quantitative and qualitative research? 8 Wrap Up  SAMPLING METHODS PROBABILITY SAMPLING NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING All individuals from the target Sample is chosen by the population have an equal researcher from the target chance of being selected for the population rather than being sample. randomly selected. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 10  Simple Random Sampling Simple random sampling is when the researcher randomly selects their participants from a list of all the individuals from the population. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 11 11  Systematic Random Sampling In systematic random sampling, the researcher randomly decides on a starting point in the list and chooses every nth case from the population. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 12 12  Stratified Random Sampling Stratified random sampling pertains to the division of the target population into subgroups and randomly selects participants from each subgroup. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 13 13 Non-probability Sampling 14  Convenience Sampling In convenience sampling, the researcher recruits participants who are readily available and accessible to participate in the research study. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 15 15  Quota Sampling Quota sampling involves selecting people from different subgroups from the target population. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 16 16  Purposive Sampling In purposive sampling, the researcher chooses their participants intentionally because they are considered as most suitable for the research study. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 17 17  Snowball Sampling Snowball sampling is done when the researcher contacts few potential participants and asks them if they can refer more participants having similar characteristics as them. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 18 18 Research Instruments for Quantitative Research Practical Research 2 Senior High School Applied - Academic  An instrument can be defined as Types of a tool such as a questionnaire or Research a survey that measures specific Instruments items to gather quantitative data. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 20  Demographic Forms Demographic forms are used to collect basic information such as age, gender, ethnicity, and annual income. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 21 21 Example of a Demographic Form 1. Age: ___ 2. Gender: ____ Male ____ Female ____ Prefer not to say 1. Civil Status: ____ Single ____ Married ____ Widowed 1. Nationality: _____________________ EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 22 22  Performance Measures Performance measures are used to assess or rate an individual’s ability such as achievement, intelligence, aptitude, or interests. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 23 23  Performance Measures EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 24 24  Attitudinal Measures Attitudinal measures are instruments used to measure an individual’s attitudes and opinions about a subject. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 25 25  Attitudinal Measures EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 26 26  Behavioral Observation Checklist Behavioral observation checklists are used to record individuals’ behaviors and are mostly used when researchers want to measure an individual’s actual behavior. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 27 27  Behavioral Observation Checklist EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 28 28  Factual Information Documents Factual information documents are accessed to tell information about the participants’ documents, such as available public records. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 29 29  Factual Information Documents EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 30 30  How to Construct Research Instruments 1. State your research objectives. 2. Ask questions about your objectives. 3. Gather the required information. 4. Formulate questions. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 31 31  Quality of an Instrument Reliability Validity the stability and capacity to measure consistency of an what it is supposed instrument under to measure. different circumstances or points in time. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 32 32  Types of Reliability 1. Internal Consistency - split-half reliability - odd-even reliability - Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 33 33  Types of Reliability 1. Test-Retest 2. Parallel/Alternate Forms 3. Split-half 4. Cronbach Coefficient Alpha EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 34 34  Types of Validity Face Validity Content Validity extent to which an ability of the test instrument appears items to include to measure what it is important supposed to measure characteristics of the concept intended to be measured EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 35 35  Types of Validity Criterion Validity COnstruct Validity tells whether a certain research instrument can give the same result as other similar instruments EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 36 36 Remember A valid test is always reliable but a reliable test is not always valid. 37 Planning Data Collection and Analysis Practical Research 2 Senior High School Applied - Academic  Questionnaires A questionnaire is composed of a written list of item questions wherein the participants can answer independently. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 39 39  Experiment An experiment is designed to test hypotheses under controlled conditions and involves the manipulation of variables. Three types of experiments: laboratory, field, and natural. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 40 40  Quantitative Observation Observation is a process wherein researchers purposely or selectively watch or listen to an occurring interaction or phenomenon. Quantified by using rating scales and checklists. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 41 41  Quantitative Interview Quantitative interviews are also called standardized interviews or survey interviews because of their similarity to a survey’s question-and-answer format. EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 42 42 Evaluating Data Collection Methods EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 43 43  Data collection procedure must be ethical. Data collection procedures must be standardized. Identify how the researchers reduced threats. 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