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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in constructing research instruments?
Which term refers to the capacity of an instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure?
What does internal consistency in reliability refer to?
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of reliability?
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What does test-retest reliability measure?
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What is the primary purpose of demographic forms?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of performance measures?
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Attitudinal measures are designed to gather information related to:
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Behavioral observation checklists are primarily used to:
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What type of documents provide factual information about participants?
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Which of the following is an example of information collected in a demographic form?
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Assessing an individual's ability and intelligence refers to which type of measure?
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What is the main focus of attitudinal measures?
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What defines a population in quantitative research?
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Which of the following is an example of a non-experimental research design?
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In quantitative research, what is the main purpose of survey research?
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What is a distinguishing feature of probability sampling?
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Which type of descriptive research focuses on basic life events?
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What is the primary goal of correlational research?
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Which of the following sampling methods does not guarantee equal chances of selection for individuals?
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Which term describes a subgroup selected from a larger population for research purposes?
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What is the main characteristic of simple random sampling?
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In systematic random sampling, how is the sample selected?
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Which sampling method involves dividing the population into subgroups before selection?
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What is the primary purpose of convenience sampling?
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Which type of sampling selects participants based on their suitability for the study?
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How does quota sampling differ from other sampling methods?
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What defines snowball sampling?
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Which of the following is an example of research instruments used in quantitative research?
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Which type of validity assesses whether a test appears to measure what it is intended to measure?
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What is indicated by the statement 'a valid test is always reliable but a reliable test is not always valid'?
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What is the primary objective of an experiment as defined in the content?
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Which type of data collection method involves participants answering questions independently?
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What distinguishes a quantitative interview from a qualitative interview?
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What role does criterion validity serve in research?
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Quantitative observation primarily relies on which method of data analysis?
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Which experiment type is characterized by variables being manipulated in a natural setting?
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Study Notes
Quantitative Research Design
- Experimental research involves manipulating variables to test hypotheses.
- True experimental research uses random assignment to control groups.
- Quasi-experimental research uses existing groups without random assignment.
- Pre-experimental research lacks control groups and random assignment.
- Non-experimental research does not manipulate variables.
- Descriptive research aims to describe characteristics or trends in a population.
- Correlational research explores relationships between variables.
- Comparative research compares two or more groups.
Descriptive Research
- Survey research investigates patterns in characteristics within a population.
- Demographic research examines significant life events and trends.
- Epidemiological research investigates patterns of disease and health.
Sampling in Quantitative Research
- A population is a group of individuals with shared characteristics.
- A sample is a subgroup or portion of a population.
- Probability sampling gives all individuals in the population an equal chance of being selected.
- Non-probability sampling relies on the researcher's selection rather than random selection.
Probability Sampling Methods
- Simple random sampling randomly selects participants from a list of the entire population.
- Systematic random sampling chooses a starting point and then selects every nth case from the population.
- Stratified random sampling divides the population into subgroups and randomly selects participants from each subgroup.
Non-probability Sampling Methods
- Convenience sampling selects participants who are readily available and accessible.
- Quota sampling selects people from different subgroups based on predetermined proportions.
- Purposive sampling intentionally chooses participants considered most suitable for the study.
- Snowball sampling relies on existing participants to refer additional participants with similar characteristics.
Research Instruments for Quantitative Research
- Research instruments are tools like questionnaires or surveys used to collect quantitative data.
- Demographic Forms gather basic information such as age, gender, ethnicity, and income.
- Performance measures assess an individual's abilities such as achievement, intelligence, aptitude, or interests.
- Attitudinal measures measure attitudes and opinions about a specific subject.
- Behavioral observation checklists record individuals' behaviors, often used to measure observable actions.
- Factual information documents access relevant public records or documents related to participants.
Constructing Research Instruments
- Begin by stating your research objectives.
- Develop questions directly related to your objectives.
- Gather necessary information to formulate questions.
- Formulate clear and concise survey questions tailored to your objectives.
Quality of Research Instruments
- Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of an instrument over time and across different circumstances.
- Internal consistency measures whether different parts of an instrument yield consistent results.
- Test-retest reliability assesses if an instrument produces similar results within a reasonable timeframe.
- Parallel/alternate forms determine if different but equivalent versions produce comparable results.
- Validity assesses whether an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.
- Face validity assesses whether an instrument appears to measure the intended concept at a surface level.
- Content validity evaluates the breadth and comprehensiveness of an instrument's content.
- Criterion validity compares an instrument's results to other established instruments measuring the same construct.
- Construct validity measures the instrument's alignment with the theoretical construct it aims to measure.
Planning Data Collection and Analysis
- Questionnaires are written lists of questions allowing participants to answer independently.
- Experiments test hypotheses under controlled conditions by manipulating variables.
- Laboratory experiments are conducted in controlled environments.
- Field experiments are conducted in natural settings.
- Natural experiments utilize naturally occurring events.
- Quantitative observation means systematically watching or listening to interactions or phenomena and recording observations using rating scales and checklists.
- Quantitative interviews use structured questions similar to a survey to gather quantitative data.
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Description
Test your understanding of quantitative research design with this quiz. Explore topics such as experimental and non-experimental research methodologies, as well as various sampling techniques. Perfect for students looking to solidify their knowledge in research methods.
