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This document appears to be study material for a Punjabi language course. The document discusses various literary elements of Punjabi poetry, and includes exercises and questions related to the topics discussed. This document does not appear to be a past paper.
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lxq.k HkfDrdkO; rqylhnkl] lwjnkl vkSj ehjk¡ckbZ ekWM;wy - 1 dfork iBu 2...
lxq.k HkfDrdkO; rqylhnkl] lwjnkl vkSj ehjk¡ckbZ ekWM;wy - 1 dfork iBu 2 fVIi.kh lxq.k HkfDrdkO; (rqylhnkl] lwjnkl vkSj ehjk¡ckbZ) lxq.k dk vFkZ gS& xq.k lfgrA ;gk¡ ij xq.k dk vFkZ gS&:i vkSj mlls tqM+h izo`fÙk;k¡A bZ'oj ds :i] vkdkj vkSj xq.kksa esa fo'okl djds mudk c[kku djus okyh HkfDr lxq.kHkfDr dgykrh gSA bl HkfDr esa vorkj vkSj yhyk dk cgqr egRo gSA blhfy, lxq.k HkfDr ds dkO; esa bZ'oj ds lkdkj :i dh yhykvksa dk xk;u gqvk gSA izfln~/ dFku gS fd] ^HkfDr nzkfoM+ Åith] yk, jkekuan* vFkkZr~ HkfDr dk mn~Hko nf{k.k Hkkjr esa gqvk vkSj bls mÙkj Hkkjr esa jkekuan ysdj vk,A jkekuan us jke dks fo".kq dk vorkj ekudj mudh mikluk vkjaHk dhA blh izdkj oYykHkkpk;Z us Ñ".k dks fo".kq dk vorkj ekudj mudh mikluk vkjaHk dhA bl rjg ls jkeHkfDr vkSj Ñ".kHkfDr dh nks /kjk,¡ py iM+haA rqylhnkl jkeHkfDr /kjk ds vkSj lwjnkl Ñ".kHkfDr /kjk ds izfrfuf/ dfo gSaA Ñ".kHkfDr /kjk esa ehjk¡ dk uke Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA os lwjnkl dh rjg fuxqZ.k HkfDr dh fojks/h ugha gSaA muds dkO; ij fuxq.Z k&lxq.k&nksuksa lk/ukvksa dk izHkko gSA mu ij ukFker dk Hkh izHkko fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA bl ikB esa ge rqylhnkl] lwjnkl vkSj ehjk¡ ds inksa dks isaxsA mn~ns'; bl ikB dks i ij lnSo bruh vf/d Ñik jgh gS fd ;fn eSa dHkh [ksy gkj tkrk rks Hkh os eq>s ftrk gh nsrs FksA eSaus rks cpiu ls gh dHkh mudk lkFk ugha NksM+k vkSj lnk ;g ik;k fd mUgksaus esjk eu dHkh ugha nq[kk;kA ;g jke dk cM+Iiu gS fd os dHkh fdlh dk eu ugha rksM+rsA D;k vki crk ldrs gSa fd Hkjr ds bl dFku ds ihNs D;k vfHkizk; gks ldrk gS\ ;gk¡ nks vfHkizk; izrhr gksrs gSaA ,d rks ;g fd os Li"V dg jgs gSa fd eSaus cpiu ls gh jke dk lkFk dHkh ugha NksM+kA vc bruh nh?kZ vof/ ds fy, mudk fo;ksx eSa dSls lg ldrk gwA¡ nwljk ladrs vkSj Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gSA og gS & ^dcgq¡ u dhUg eksj eu Hkaxw* vFkkZr~ jke us dHkh Hkh Hkjr dk fny ugha nq[kk;kA vr% vkt Hkh mUgsa fo'okl gS fd jke mudk eu ugha rksM+saxs vkSj muds vkxzg ij okil v;ksè;k ykSV pysaxsA fdlh ij Ñik djus dh jke dh jhfr Hkh Hkjr dks Kkr gSA mUgksaus ml jhfr ij euu fd;k gS vkSj ik;k gS fd os rks gkjs gq, dks Hkh ftrk nsrs gSaA Hkjr dgrs gSa fd eSaus izse vkSj ladksp ds dkj.k muds lkeus dHkh eq[k ugha [kksykA f'k"Vkpkj dh ijaijk jgh gS fd cM+ksa ds lkeus mn~naMrk dk O;ogkj ugha fd;k tkrkA cM+ksa ds lkeus eq[k [kksyuk mudk vuknj gS] tks Hkjr us dHkh ugha fd;kA os rks cl jke dk n'kZu gh djrs jgs] fdarq n'kZuksa ls Hkh vkt rd r`Ir ugha gq,A mudh vk¡[ksa lnk jke ds izse dh I;klh gh cuh jghaA 14 fganh lxq.k HkfDrdkO; rqylhnkl] lwjnkl vkSj ehjk¡ckbZ ekWM;wy - 1 dfork iBu ikBxr iz'u 2-1 lokZf/d mi;qDr fodYi pqudj iwNs x, iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, % 1. Hkjr us vius vuqdwy ik;kµ fVIi.kh (d) dSds;h vkSj jke dks ([k) xq# of'k"B vkSj jke dks (x) xq# of'k"B vkSj dSds;h dks (?k) v;ksè;kokfl;ksa vkSj jke dks 2. fdlds us=k uhjt :ih dgs x, gSaµ (d) jke ds ([k) of'k"B ds (x) dSds;h ds (?k) Hkjr ds 3. Hkkjr us jke ds le{k e¡qg D;ksa ugha [kksykµ (d) izse vkSj ladkspo'k ([k) Øks/ vkSj ukjktxho'k (x) izse vkSj vijk/cks/o'k (?k) izse vkSj viekuo'k va'k & 2 vc vxys va'k dks iqu% if lk/q lqfp dks HkkAA ekrq eafn eSa lk/q lqpkyhA O;k[;k % Hkjr dk dFku vHkh py jgk gSA mUgksaus jke dh izhfr dk Lej.k fd;k] vkSj mj vl vkur dksfV dqpkyhA mUgsa yxk fd fo/krk muds vkSj jke ds chp xgjs izse Hkko dks lgu ugha dj ldkA Qjb fd dksno ckfy lqlkyhA eqdrk izlo fd lacqd dkyhAA blfy, mlus jke vkSj Hkjr ds Lusg ds chp ekrk dSds;h dks mifLFkr dj ekuks ,d liusgq¡ nksl dyslq u dkgwA #dkoV Mky nhA Hkjr ;g dg rks x, ij rqjar gh mUgsa yxk fd ;g dFku mUgsa 'kksHkk eksj vHkkx mnf/ voxkgwA fcuq leq>sa fut v?k ifjikdwA ugha nsrkA mUgsa ,slk D;ksa yxk gksxk \ ,d rks ;gh fd iq=k gksus ds dkj.k ek¡ dh fuank tkfjm¡ tk;¡”tufu dfg dkdwAA djuk mfpr ugha gS] ij fLFkfr ,slh gh vk iM+h gSA nwljk dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd dksbZ ân;¡ gsfj gkjsm¡ lc vksjkA ,dfg Hkk¡fr Hkysfga Hky eksjkA vius vkidks lqtku dSls dg ldrk gSA vk'k; ;g gS fd dksbZ ;g u le>s fd Hkjr xq# xkslkb¡ lkfgc fl; jkewA Lo;a dks ifo=k vkSj lTtu eku jgs gSaA vius ekuus Hkj ls dqN ugha gksrk] gk¡ ! yksx ykxr eksfg uhd ifjukewAA lk/q lHkk¡ xqj izHkq fudV] dgm¡ ekusa rc ckr vkSj gSA lqFky lfrHkkmA izse iziapq fd >wB iQqj tkufga eqfu j?kqjkmAA fganh 15 ekWM;wy - 1 lxq.k HkfDrdkO; rqylhnkl] lwjnkl vkSj ehjk¡ckbZ dfork iBu Hkjr dgrs gSa & ;g lkspuk fd ek¡ cqjh gS vkSj eSa lnkpkjh vkSj lTtu gw¡] Bhd ugha gSA ,slk Hkko eu esa vkuk djksM+ksa nqjkpkjksa tSLkk gSA ^dksfV dqpkyh* ij è;ku nhft,A ek¡ dks cqjk ekuus dk vln~ fopkj oLrqr% djksM+ksa vln~ fopkjksa tSlk cqjk gSA vc vki 'kadk dj ldrs gSa fd dSds;h us jke dks ouokl fnyk;k Fkk] bldk fVIi.kh lek/ku Hkjr dSls djsaxsA Hkjr ds ikl blds nks dkj.k gSa & igyk gS dSds;h ds LoHkko dh fo'ks"krkA Hkjr mnkgj.k nsdj iwN jgs gSa& Hkyk dksnks ds ikS/s ls 'kkfy/ku dh ckysa dSls vk,¡xhA bls nwljh dgkor ls Hkh dg ldrs gSa& ccwy ds isM+ ij vke dSls yxsaxsA vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd tc ek¡ esa gh nks"k gS rks eSa funksZ"k dSls gks ldrk gw¡A Hkjr Li"V djrs gSa fd LoIu esa Hkh fdlh dks nks"k nsuk Bhd ughaA fdlh dk jÙkhHkj Hkh nks"k ugha gS] nks"k rks cl Hkjr ds HkkX; dk gSA os dgrs gSa fd esjk nqHkkZX; vFkkg lkxj gSA mldh dksbZ lhek ughaA dSdsbZ ds }kjk jke dks cuokl dk ojnku ek¡xuk esjs gh nqHkkZX; lkxj dh ,d ygj gSA Hkjr dks brus ls gh larks"k ugha gksrkA vius dks dkslrs gq, os vkxs dgrs gSa& eSaus vius ikiksa dk ifj.kke tkus fcuk gh ek¡ dks Hkyk&cqjk dg dj mlds eu dks pksV igq¡pkbZA vc eSa vius ân; esa viuh HkykbZ ds mik; wBh gSa ;k lPphA fVIi.kh vkb,] rqylhnkl ds dkO;ka'k dh dqN [kkl ckrksa dks Hkh ns[ksa % 1. cM+h fouez 'kSyh esa okd~ pkrqjh (cksyus dh le>nkjh) dh >yd nsf[k,& ^^eSa tkum¡ fut ukFk lqHkkÅ] vijkf/gq ij dksg u dkÅAA eksa ij d`ik lusgq fcls[kh --------** eSa jke ds LoHkko dks tkurk gw¡] ;g dgus ds fy, Hkjr mUgsa fut ukFk (esjs Lokeh) dgrs gSaA HkkbZ&HkkbZ ds chp Hkh cM+s HkkbZ dks Lokeh ekuus dk Hkko gS vkSj Lokeh ds LoHkko esa LokfeRookyk cM+Iiu ;k vgadkj ugha gSA vijk/h ij Hkh Øks/ u djuk mudk LoHkko gSA ;gk¡ ^vijk/h* 'kCn dks rqylh tkucw> dj yk, gSaA ladsr ;g gS fd Hkjr ls (mldh ek¡ ls) tks gqvk gS og vijk/ ls de ugha] ij jke dk LoHkko gS fd vijk/h ij Øks/ u djukA bl tkudkjh ls gh Hkjr fuf'apr ugha dj nsrs] os ;g Hkh dgrs gSa fd eq> ij jke dh fo'ks"k d`ik jgh gS] vr% os fcYdqy Øks/ ugha djsaxs vkSj eq>s {kek dj nsaxsA 16 fganh lxq.k HkfDrdkO; rqylhnkl] lwjnkl vkSj ehjk¡ckbZ ekWM;wy - 1 dfork iBu 2. ^jkepfjrekul* esa Hkjr viuh ek¡ dks rc cgqr cqjk&Hkyk dgrs gSa] tc mUgsa ufugky ls ykSVdj v;ksè;k dh ?kVukvksa dh lwpuk feyrh gSA og Øks/ vkSj vkos'k rkRdkfyd FkkA os ek¡ ij cjl iM+s Fks vkSj bl izdkj os ek¡ ds izfr nqO;Zogkj ds nks"kh gks x, FksA rqylh mUgsa bl vk{ksi ls eqDr djkuk pkgrs gSa] blfy, ;gk¡ Hkjr ls dgykrs gSa & fVIi.kh liusgq¡ nksl dyslq u dkgwA eksj vHkkx mnf/ voxkgwA fcuq leq>sa fut v?k ifjikdwA tkfjm¡ tk;¡ tufu dfg dkdwAA 3. vafre nksgs esa Hkh cM+k vFkZ&xkaHkh;Z gSA Hkjr ;g vk'oklu nsuk pkgrs gSa fd mudh ckrksa eas Ny&diV ugha gS] os lR; cksy jgs gSaA izek.kLo:i Li"V djuk pkgrs gSa fd oSls gh lkekU; fLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh Ny ;k >wB laHko ugha fiQj ;gk¡ rks ,slh ik¡p fLFkfr;k¡ gSa] ftueas >wB cksyus dk iz'u gh ugha mBrk] tSls & 1. lTtuksa dh lHkk 2. dqy&xq# of'k"B dh fudVrk 3. Lokeh jke vkSj lhrk dk lkfUuè; 4. fp=kdwV tSlk ikou rhFkZ 5. Hkjr ds eu dk lkfRod Hkko ,sls okrkoj.k eas lkekU;r% dksbZ Hkh >wB ugha cksy ldrkA vr% Hkjr tks dg jgs gSa] ml ij vfo'okl dk dksbZ dkj.k gh ughaA 4. rqylhnkl dk ^jkepfjrekul* jkedFkk ds ekè;e ls vkn'kZ O;ogkj vkSj vkpj.k dh lh[k Hkh nsrk gSA bl va'k esa ,d vksj Hkkb;ksa ds ijLij&izse dh vkSj nwljh vksj xq#tuksa dk lEeku djus dh lh[k gS] tks vkt ds lanHkks± esa Hkh mi;qDr vkSj izklafxd gSA ikBxr iz'u 2-2 lokZf/d mi;qDr fodYi pqudj iwNs x, iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, % 1. Hkjr ds vuqlkj dkSu&lh fo'ks"krk jke ds LoHkko dh gS\ (d) os vijk/h ij Øks/ ugha djrs gSaA ([k) [ksyrs le; thrs gq, dks Hkh gjk nsrs gSaA (x) os Hkjr dk fny nq[kkrs gSaA (?k) os y{e.k ls vf/d izse djrs gSaA 2. Hkkjr dks fdldk nqykj izkIr gqvkµ (d) nqHkkZX; dk ([k) fo/krk dk fganh 17 ekWM;wy - 1 lxq.k HkfDrdkO; rqylhnkl] lwjnkl vkSj ehjk¡ckbZ dfork iBu (x) jke dk (?k) of'k"B dk 3. ifBr dkO;ka'k dh fo'ks"krk ugha gS& (d) cztHkk"kk ([k) vFkZxkaHkh;Z fVIi.kh (x) mnkgj.k dk mi;ksx (?k) vkReXykfu 2-4 Hkko&lkSan;Z vki vkjaHk esa i x, gksaxsA Hkjr jkT; dks R;kx nsus ;ksX; ekurs gSaA jke dk Lusg muds fy, lcls cM+h Fkkrh gSA os rjg&rjg ls cM+s HkkbZ jke ds Lusg vkSj mnkjrk dh iz'kalk djrs gSaA vius fcNksg dk dkj.k ek¡ dks ugha ekurs] Lo;a dks gh vkSj HkkX; dks ekurs gSaA dkO;ka'k esa bu ckrksa dh izLrqfr cgqr gh ljl ,oa Hkkoiw.kZ