5-S.Th._L5_What's Scientific Thinking_Fall 2024 PDF

Course Name: “Scientific Thinking” Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education Suez Canal University sinaiuniversity.net Scientific Thinking Science,...

Course Name: “Scientific Thinking” Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education Suez Canal University sinaiuniversity.net Scientific Thinking Science, Thinking & Scientific Thinking [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking What is Scientific Thinking? Scientific thinking refers to both thinking about the content of science and the set of reasoning processes that permeate the field of science. Scientific Thinking is: Purposeful Thinking that has the objective to enhance knowledge. Scientific thinking is a generalized application of the thinking process called the scientific method, a six-step process (observe a problem, form a hypothesis, design an experiment to test the hypothesis, collect data, analyze results, and draw conclusions) to understand and explain phenomena for the purpose of knowledge seeking and knowledge building. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking is: A skill, include observing, asking questions, making predictions, testing ideas, documenting data and communicating thoughts. No matter what branch of Science (physics, biology, …etc.), scientists use the same method to solve problems (observation, questioning, hypothesis experiment, and evaluating). Is Scientific Thinking just for Professional Scientists? [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Is Scientific Thinking just for Professional Scientists? Scientific Thinking is not just for Professional Scientists, but an essential and widely-applicable skill for everyone. We all use some or parts of scientific method in our daily lives to solve problems. The only difference between scientists and non-scientists is that scientists are researching problems, and non-scientists just trying to find out what’s wrong !!! Being a professional scientist is hard, but thinking in a scientific method is something that every human is capable of. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Importance Everyone thinks; it is our nature to do so. But most of the time we don’t think well, Sometimes we tend to favor decisions and ideas that favor us, then much of our thoughts are biased, distorted, partial, prejudiced or uninformed. Yet the quality of our life and that of what we produce, make, or build depends on the quality of our thought. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Universal intellectual standards of Scientific Thinking Universal intellectual standards are some rules which must be applied to thinking whenever one is interested in checking the quality of reasoning about a problem, issue, or situation. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards There are Standards we use to assess thinking: Clarity, Accuracy, Relevance, Depth, Breadth, Logic, Significance, and Fairness. Let’s check them out one-by-one. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Clarity “Understandable”: Do You Get It? Thinking must to be Understandable; to free from confusion. If an idea is unclear, people cannot determine whether it is accurate or not. If we understand our thoughts; so we can elaborate and explain it. Questions that focus on clarity in thinking include: Could you elaborate on that thoughts? Could you express that thoughts in another way? Could you give me an example? Could you illustrate what you mean? [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of Clarity in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of Clarity in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of Clarity in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Accuracy: Is It Correct? Is It True? makes sure that all information is true, correct and free from error or mistakes. If the thinking is reliable, then it has Accuracy. A statement can be clear but not accurate. A statement’s accuracy refers to determine whether it represents things as they really are. Questions that focus on accuracy in thinking include: How could you check your thought to see if it is true? How could you verify facts in your thoughts? Can you trust the accuracy of data that given from specific source? [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of accuracy in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of accuracy in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of accuracy in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Relevance: Is It Essential to the Main Idea? implies a close logical relationship with, and importance to the specific topic. It is useful to assume individuals have not fully assessed thinking except to the extent that they have considered all issues, concepts, and information relevant to it. Questions that focus on relevance in thinking include: Could you explain the connection between your question and the question we are addressing? How does this idea relate to other idea? How does your question relate to the issue at hand? [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of relevance in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of relevance in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of relevance in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Scientific Thinking Standards Example of relevance in thinking: [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  THANK YOU * For any questions feel free * To contact me by mail [email protected] Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education Suez Canal University