Categories in Nursing Theory PDF

CATEGORI ES IN NURSING THEORY INTRODUCTION The three main categories of nursing theories are: grand nursing theories, middle-range nursing theories and practice-level nursing theories. Different levels of nursing theories may influence other...

CATEGORI ES IN NURSING THEORY INTRODUCTION The three main categories of nursing theories are: grand nursing theories, middle-range nursing theories and practice-level nursing theories. Different levels of nursing theories may influence others. 2  Grand Nursing Theories 3 Grand Nursing Theories Grand nursing theories are the broadest category. They’re the most abstract and complex concepts and propositions that provide a general nursing care framework. A grand nursing theory can apply to a variety of nursing care environments and situations. 4 Grand Nursing Theories. Using a broad theory like this one, nurses, nurse educators and nurse researchers can apply the theory in a variety of patient settings and use it with other more specific nursing theories to determine the most optimal outcomes. 5 Grand Nursing Theories Grand theories are abstract, broad in scope, and complex, therefore requiring further research for clarification. Grand nursing theories do not. guide specific nursing interventions but rather provide a general framework and nursing ideas. 6 Grand Nursing Theories Grand nursing theorists develop their works based on their own experiences and their time, explaining why there is so much variation. among theories. Address the nursing metaparadigm components of person, nursing, health, and environment. 7 Grand Nursing. Theories An example of a grand nursing theory is Ida Jean Orlando- Pelletier’s Deliberative Nursing Process Theory This theory examines the definition of the function of nursing and the interaction between the nurse and the patient. It explains how to use the nursing process to improve patient outcomes.. 8  Theories Based on Human Needs These theories focus on understanding and addressing the fundamental requirements for human well-being and health. They explore needs that are universal, such as the need for safety, love, self-esteem, and social engagement.. 9  Theories Based on Human Needs Examples of need-based grand. theories: Virginia Henderson: Nursing Need Theory Shirley Moor and Cornelia Ruland: Peaceful End of Life Theory 1 0  Theories Based on Human Needs Virginia Henderson: Nursing Need Theory. - focuses on supporting patients to be self-sufficient and care for themselves as much as possible. Nurses facilitate patients’ rehabilitation and assist with meeting basic needs, but it is still up to the patients to do their best and care for themselves to the level they’re able. 1 1  Theories Based on Human Needs Shirley Moor and Cornelia Ruland:. Peaceful End of Life Theory Patients who are in the last weeks or days of life have different needs than the rest of the patient population. A concept that underpins this theory is that patients in this stage should be supported to experience the best version of life possible for them. 1 2  Theories Based on Unitary Process You are a part of your environment, according to the unitary perspective.. This framework posits that people and their surroundings are integral to each other. Within this nursing grand theory, the nurse and patient are inseparable — you can’t be a nurse without patients, and people can’t be patients without nurses to provide care. 1 3  Theories Based on Unitary Process.Examples of theories stemming from the unitary process Martha Rogers: Science of Unitary Human Beings Martha Newman: Health as Expanding Consciousness 1 4  Theories Based on Unitary Process.Martha Rogers: Science of Unitary Human Beings envisions nurses not as independent beings but as systems within systems. A nurse participates in care systems and therefore is part of care. 1 5  Theories Based on Unitary Process.Martha Newman: Health as Expanding Consciousness states that people experience health as a continuous growth process that expands consciousness and deepens understanding of the self. And when nursing care is successful, both the nurse and patient experience this expansion. 1 6 Grand Nursing Theories Based on Interactive Process One of the first things you do when. you meet a new patient is introduce yourself, beginning the nurse-patient relationship. Interactive process theories view this relationship as the basis for nursing care — in other words, your work has a major impact on the patient experience. 1 7 Grand Nursing Theories Based on Interactive Process Examples of grand nursing theories. that are built on the foundation of the interactive process: Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain: Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory Jean Watson: Caring Theory 1 8 Grand Nursing Theories Based on Interactive Process Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain:. Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory The modeling and role-modeling theory encourages nurses to use their empathy to try to see the world from the patient’s perspective. The theory of modeling and role-modeling. 1 9 Grand Nursing Theories Based on Interactive Process Jean Watson: Caring Theory. believes that caring for others is the core of nursing practice and that, to care for patients, nurses accept them as they are and help promote their potential. 2 0 Middle-Range Nursing Theories 2 1 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Middle-range nursing theories are more specific in focus compared to grand nursing theories, but they’re broader than the more specific practice-level nursing theories. Middle-range nursing theories may derive from theories of similar disciplines, nursing research or nursing practice. 2 2  Middle-Range Nursing Theories Since they’re less abstract than grand nursing theories, middle-range theories tend to be more verifiable through testing. These theories attempt to explain, describe or predict specific issues in clinical nursing practice. 2 3 Middle-Range Nursing Theories More limited in scope (compared to grand theories) and present concepts and propositions at a lower level of abstraction. They address a specific phenomenon in nursing. 2 4 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Most middle-range theories are based on a grand theorist’s works, but they can be conceived from research, nursing practice, or the theories of other disciplines. 2 5  Middle-Range Nursing Theories An example of a middle-range nursing theory is Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment This theory focuses on the factors that affect the attainment of certain life goals and explains how a nurse and a patient can communicate, set goals together and take actions to achieve goals. 2 6 Middle-Range Nursing Theories EXAMPLES: Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Deficit Theory Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Theory Kristen Swanson: Theory of Caring Nola Pender: Health Promotion Theory Eakes, Burke, and Hainsworth: Chronic Sorrow Theory Marylin Dodd: Symptom Management Theory Merle H. Mishel: Uncertainty in Illness Theory L.V. Polk:Resilience Theory Afaf Meleis: Transitions Theory Albert Bandura: Self-Efficacy Theory 2 7  Middle-Range Nursing Theories Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Deficit Theory Orem’s self-care deficit theory outlines a series of steps that a nurse can take to evaluate a patient’s needs, plan assistance methods, and carry out a plan that encourages independence 2 8 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Theory Nurses care for diverse groups of people that have different beliefs, expectations, and needs. Nursing professionals have a duty to respect, attempt to understand, and integrate a patient’s cultural background in their plan of care. 2 9 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Kristen Swanson: Theory of Caring Swanson’s theory of caring supports a holistic vision of caring that applies to how nursing educators care for students and how nurses care for patients and families 3 0 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Nola Pender: Health Promotion Theory This is the core idea of health promotion theory: A patient’s pursuit of health is impacted by environmental and interpersonal dynamics. Pender’s theory helps inform nurses’ health promotion practices and supports a holistic vision for health 3 1 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Eakes, Burke, and Hainsworth: Chronic Sorrow Theory Patients experience them on an ongoing basis as they process conditions, disabilities, death, and other challenges. In chronic sorrow theory, researchers explain that this is a normal response to major negative life events, and that nurses can support patients by promoting positive coping strategies and emotional comfort. 3 2 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Marylin Dodd: Symptom Management Theory How does dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) affect the lives and experiences of patients with cancer? How are patients with schizophrenia affected by depressive symptoms? These questions relate to symptom management theory, which provides a framework for assessing and managing symptoms that impact patient outcomes 3 3 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Merle H. Mishel: Uncertainty in Illness Theory Mishel’s uncertainty in illness theory addresses how patients cope with the uncertainty of illness and its outcomes, emphasizing the psychological processes that patients go through. Mishel’s work has been used in nursing research to guide interventions that help manage patients’ apprehensions while sick. 3 4 Middle-Range Nursing Theories L.V. Polk: Resilience Theory Resilience is the ability to bounce back and overcome hardships. Polk theorized that illness, and the adversity it creates, can be a transformative experience that increases resilience 3 5 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Afaf Meleis: Transitions Theory Transitions theory examines the changes people go through as they experience illnesses and focuses on guiding nursing interventions that support patients as they navigate these changes. 3 6 Middle-Range Nursing Theories Albert Bandura: Self-Efficacy Theory In nursing practice, this framework helps nurses encourage patients to pursue their health goals, but it also has implications for nursing students — if you believe you can pass an exam, you might be more likely to do so. 3 7 Practice-Level Nursing Theories 3 8 Practice-Level Nursing Theories Practice-level nursing theories are situation-specific. They’re the most narrow in scope and focus of the three levels of nursing theories. They may be based on concepts from grand nursing theories and middle-range nursing theory but provide specific frameworks for specific nursing interventions. 3 9 Practice-Level Nursing Theories Nurses and nurse researchers may apply a practice-level nursing theory when it relates to a defined patient population at a specific time. Since these theories are more specific and unique, they may draw upon multiple theories to create the optimal recommended practice for that particular patient group.. 4 0 Practice-Level Nursing Theories Practice nursing theories are situation-specific theories that are narrow in scope and focuses on a specific patient population at a specific time... 4 1 Practice-Level Nursing Theories Practice-level nursing theories provide frameworks for nursing interventions and suggest outcomes or the effect of nursing practice... 4 2 Practice-Level Nursing Theories Theories developed at this level have a more direct effect on nursing practice than more abstract theories. These theories are interrelated with concepts from middle-range theories or. grand theories.. 4 3 Practice-Level Nursing Theories For example, a nurse who is working with a patient who is a mother may draw upon elements of middle-range nursing theories like the Maternal Role Attainment Theory by Ramona Mercer and the Life Perspective Rhythm Model by Dr. Joyce Fitzpatrick to provide optimal maternal patient care. 4 4 THANKS Does anyone have any questions? [email protected] +91 620 421 838 yourcompany.com 4 5 CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than our Moon. The planet’s name has nothing to do with the liquid metal since it was named after the Roman messenger god, Mercury 4 6