Anatomy of the Oral Cavity PDF

## Tela submucosa - Has glands that are predominantly mucous. - Located in the subcutis, mostly consisting of the musculus buccinator. - The glands in the tela submucosa are the gll. buccales, which continue from the gll. labiales. - The gll. buccales can be felt inside the cheek as small elevations...

## Tela submucosa - Has glands that are predominantly mucous. - Located in the subcutis, mostly consisting of the musculus buccinator. - The glands in the tela submucosa are the gll. buccales, which continue from the gll. labiales. - The gll. buccales can be felt inside the cheek as small elevations. - Keep the oral mucosa moist. ## Forbindelsesveje - **The mucosa** of the cheek is red and tightly bound, similar to the mucosa of the lips. - **The cheek region** has connections with the following areas: - **Towards the back**, it connects to the regio masseterica (5), fossa infratemporalis (6) and spatium lateropharyngeum (4). - **Towards the bottom**, it connects to the trigonum submandibulare (6). - **Towards the top**, it connects to the regio infraorbitalis (3). - **Towards the front**, it connects to the regio oralis (2) and regio mentalis (1). - **The most lateral connection towards the back (4)** to the subcutis in regio masseterica is used by the terminal branches of the n. facialis, the ductus parotideus and the v. facialis. The v. facialis crosses the lowermost front corner of the m. masseter, before continuing in the trigonum submandibulare. - **The connection towards the back (5) to the fossa infratemporalis** follows the lateral surface of the m. buccinator to the front edge of the m. pterygoideus medialis and then to the opening between this muscle and the ramus mandibulae. This route is used by the n., a. and v. buccalis, as well as the vein, creating drainage from the plexus pterygoideus into the v. facialis, v. profunda faciei. - **The most medial connection from the cheek region towards the back (4)** to the spatium lateropharyngeum extends along the m. buccinator (3), medial to the m. pterygoideus medialis and past the raphe pterygomandibularis (2). - Right behind the raphe pterygomandibularis the pharynx begins, with the pars buccopharyngea (1), and thus the spatium lateropharyngeum , which is rather narrow here. The arrow (4) in the drawing represents this area. - There are no labeled structures between the cheek and the spatium lateropharyngeum , but this connection is important, as inflammation from the subcutis of the cheek can spread directly to spatium lateropharyngeum through this route. ## Mundhulen - **The oral cavity** consists of the oral vestibule, *vestibulum oris,* and the actual oral cavity, *cavities oris propria*. - **The boundary** between the two areas is primarily the teeth and the tooth-bearing parts of the jaws. ## Vestibulum oris - **The vestibulum oris** is a vertical horseshoe-shaped gap, externally bordered by the lips and cheeks, internally by the teeth, the processes and the pars alveolaris with the gingiva and posteriorly by the plica pterygomandibularis . - **The upper and lower borders** are formed by "flap folds," upper (2) and lower, where the mucosa from the interior of the cheek and lips continues into the gingiva, covering the processes and pars alveolaris. - **The upper flap fold** is called *sulcus alveolobuccalis superior* (3) when located in the cheek, and *sulcus alveololabialis superior* (4) in the area of the upper lip. - **The lower flap fold** is called *sulcus alveolobuccalis inferior* (2) and *sulcus alveololabialis inferior* (1). - The vestibulum oris can be examined by first biting the teeth and then placing a finger between the cheek and the teeth. - You can then feel the upper flap fold when placing your finger as high up as possible in the mouth. - It is possible to trace this flap fold from the processus alveolaris with the gums to the mucosa on the inside of the cheek or upper lip, including the fold. ## Inspektion og palpation - During a clinical examination of the vestibulum oris, the examination is first done by visual inspection, i.e. the examiner observes the areas, and subsequently by palpation, i.e. the examiner feels the structures. - To get a visual inspection, the lips and cheeks are pulled away from the tooth rows. - However, the patient only needs to open his mouth slightly. - Teeth, the gingiva (1), the flap folds (2), the labial bands (4) and (8), and similar smaller oral and labial folds, side ligaments (7) that extend from the lips or cheeks are visible during inspection.