4english.pdf

ENGLISH REVIEWER Modals -used to modify the meaning of main verb functuation of main verb. Permission-action word is allowed / can,may,could Can- give and ask permission/casual May-formal way Could-ask in a polite way Obligation-action is nessesary/must,should,ought Semi modals /past of must and hav...

ENGLISH REVIEWER Modals -used to modify the meaning of main verb functuation of main verb. Permission-action word is allowed / can,may,could Can- give and ask permission/casual May-formal way Could-ask in a polite way Obligation-action is nessesary/must,should,ought Semi modals /past of must and have to -had to , ought to Must- strong recommendation,you feel is necessary Have to - very strong recommendation ,no choice Should-personal advice Prohibition-restrain or to stop Mustn’t ,shouldn’t Mustn’t - it is not allowed Don’t have to - not required to do something CONDITIONALS - statements expressing the result of a particular condition. If-clause and when-clause present the condition while the main clause explains the results. Types of conditional Zero conditional- if+present simple-scientific facts Example - if you freeze water,it turns into ice FIRST CONDITIONALS- if+simple present+simple future - possibilities in the present or in future Simple present - rains / simple future - will stay (will+verb) Example - if it rains,I will stay at home - if I wake up late,I will miss the bus SECOND CONDITIONALS-if+past simple+present conditional - imaginary situations in the present or in future Example - if I won a million dollars,I would buy a new car - if I were you , I would quit smoking THIRD COMDITIONALS - If+past perfect,perfect conditional - imaginary situation in the past / it expresses regrets or to change things that had happen Examples - if I got a medal ,I would have been happy MAKING CONNECTIONS- A critical reading comprehension strategy that helps you engage more with the text. Types of connections Text to self - are actually personal connections that you make between yourself and the selection you are dealing with. *i experience this my self / this reminds me of Text to text - a connection taht you can connect one material to another that you have read *the setting and place in this story is same in the story harry Text to world - a connections between a book and events in the real world. *this story reminds me of what is happening in the Israel VUCA WORLD Complexity - multiple key decision factors Volatility - rate of change Ambiguility - lack of clarity about meaning of an event Uncertainly - unclear about the present BIAS AND PREJUDICE Prejudice - opinion formed before getting to know. Example - racism , preconception , discrimination - denying someone a promotion because of his sexual orientation. Bias-one sided perspective , being ‘in favor’or ‘against’ or stand compared to another,usually in a way that is unfair. Example - if they’re biased towards women,they might hire only women because they feel that woman are better employees./commercials - favoritism , in favor , against TYPES OF ISSUE Social issues - group of common problems in the present-day society that many people strive to solve Example - over population , gender inequality , poverty and homeless Moral issues- concerns the internal , your own values,beliefs,feelings and learnings. Example-corruption , physical and mental abuses. Economic issue - being faced by the world economy as well as religions and country Examples - inflation , labor issues , inequality , emerging markets impact of new technologies. FACTUAL JUDGEMENTS - based on facts ang general analysis VALUE JUDGEMENTS - statements of opinion based on personal preferences.