Practical Meat Hygiene 2018-2019 PDF

# **Food** ## **Practical Meat Hygiene** 5th Year Vet. Medicine 2018-2019 Prepared by Dr. Mahmoud Abd El-Naeem (BVSC, MVSC, PHD) 01003912810 ## **Anatomical Variation of Organs** ### **I. Tongue** | Animal | Shape | Linguae | Vallate papillae | FiLiform Papillae | Fungiform papillae |...

# **Food** ## **Practical Meat Hygiene** 5th Year Vet. Medicine 2018-2019 Prepared by Dr. Mahmoud Abd El-Naeem (BVSC, MVSC, PHD) 01003912810 ## **Anatomical Variation of Organs** ### **I. Tongue** | Animal | Shape | Linguae | Vallate papillae | FiLiform Papillae | Fungiform papillae | Pigmentation | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | **Cattle** | Rounded tip | Pronounced | 10-14 pairs on either side of torus Lingucie | Horny, smooth, directed backward on the dorsum of the tongue | Scalding on the tip | Sometimes Spotted with Black pigmentation | | **Sheep-goat** | Rounded tip | Present | 10-14 pairs, prominent papillae on each side, located on the torus along its Lateral borders | Not horny Lightly Cornified Soft, smooth | Directed backwards on the dorsum of the tongue and giving its surface a grasp like roughness | Never pigmented | | **Camel** | Spatula shape | Absent | 3-6, only one prominent papillae each side | Soft, Long, ointed on dorsum of tongue papillade | Directed Forward and of the tongue ange back forwrd velvety | Very prominent on sides of tongue | | **Horse** | Long and spatulate end | More prominent than Cattle with a distinct Fossa Linguae rostral to it | 1-2 marked papillar on each side of midLine near base | Soft, Long, directed backwards on the root | Very prominent on sides of tongue | | **Pig** | Long and spatulate end | Absent | 3-6, only one prominent papillae each side, located on the torus along its Lateral borders | Not horny Lightly Cornified Soft, smooth | Directed backwards on the dorsum of the tongue and giving its surface a grasp like roughness | Never pigmented | ### **II. Stomach** | Animal | Stomach | |---|---| | **Cattle and Sheep** | Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum | | **Horse** | Simple and Consists of a sharply Curved U-shaped sac | | **Pig** | Simple, SemiLunar in shape | The rumen occupies 3/4 of the abdominal cavity in adult cattle. The right part is much shorter than the Left one. It is relatively small The abomasum of the Calf is relatively small compared with the size of the rumen. Both ox and sheep stomachs are similar in structure.and tripe is prepared. From them. ### **III. Liver** | Animal | Lobes | Caudate Lobe | Umbilical Fissure | Surface Lobulation | Fissures | Colour | Weight | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | **Cattle** | 3 lobes, right (thick), Left (thin), Caudate | Rounded and pointed with sharp well defined edges | Shallow indistinct | Smooth | Numerous irregular Fissures along both diaphragmatic and-Visceral Surface giving a cobbied appearance | Brownish red | 5.4 Kg | | **Sheep-goat** | 3 lobes | Rounded and pointed with sharp well defined edges | Shallow indistinct | Smooth | Numerous irregular Fissures along both diaphragmatic and-Visceral Surface giving a cobbied appearance | Brownish red | 500-700g | | **Camel** | 3 lobes | Rounded and pointed with sharp well defined edges | Very deep | Distinct | Many | Dark brown | 6.5-10 Kg | | **Horse** | 3 lobes, triangular | Rounded and pointed with sharp well defined edges | Very deep | Distinct | Numerous irregular Fissures along both diaphragmatic and-Visceral Surface giving a cobbied appearance | Pear-shaped | 0.9 kg (boar)-2kg (sow) | | **Pig** | 5, 2 Lateral CR,L, 2 CentraLCR.L, I Caudate | Rounded and pointed with sharp well defined edges | Very deep | distinct Lobulation | Characteristic, Numerous irregular Fissures along both diaphragmatic and-Visceral Surface giving a cobbied appearance | Pear-shaped | 0.9 kg (boar)-2kg (sow) | ### **IV. Heart** | Animal | Shape | Apex | Coronary grooves (Furrows) | Coronary Fat | Os Cordis | Average weight | Other characters | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | **Cattle** | Large Size, Conical in shape | pointed | 2 (Right and Left) | Yellow and white, firm | Present | 2 Kg | Cattle heart is relatively Longer than that of horse, the base is usually equals the Length and the base is Smaller | | **Sheep-goat** | Small Size | pointed | 2 (Right and Left) | Soft and greasy | present | 100 grams | The breadth at Right ventricle is Flabby, Less elongated owing to the Less elongated that Cattle heart, auricle is smaller and has bigger notched and base. | | **Camel** | Large Size, Conical in shape | pointed | 2 (Right and Left) | Creamy yellow, soft and greasy | absent | 3 Kg. | The Loweredge of the Left auricle is Flabby, Less elongated than Cattle heart, auricle is smaller and has bigger notched and base. | | **Horse** | Conical with Funnel-shaped bigger base | blunt | 2 or 3 (Right and Left) | Yellow and soft and greasy | Absent | 100 grams | The Loweredge of the Left auricle is Flabby, Less elongated than Cattle heart, auricle is smaller and has bigger notched and base. | | **Pig** | Rounded and twisted | blunt | 2 or 3, more globular than sheep and tour Sheepto, | Creamy yellow, soft and greasy | Absent | 400-500 g | The Loweredge of the Left auricle is Flabby, Less elongated than Cattle heart, auricle is smaller and has bigger notched and base. | ### **V. Trachea and Lungs** | Animal | Lung lobes | Surface lobulation| Colour | Lung consistency | Lung weight | Trachea | Tracheal ridge | Pleural fringe | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | **Cattle** | 4 (right) 3 (left) | Well distinct | Rosy red | Spongy | 2.5 - 3 Kg | + | + | + | | **Sheep-goat** | 3 (right) 3 (left) | Indistinct | Rosy red | Spongy | 2.5 - 3 Kg | + | + | + | | **Camel** | 4 | Indistinct | Rosy red | Spongy | 350-1000 g | | - | - | | **Horse** | 3 | Indistinct | Rosy red | Leathery, voluminous (more) | 2- 3 Kg | + | - | + | | **Pig** | 3 or 4 | distinct | Rosy red | Spongy | 350-450 g | + | - | + | ### **VI. Kidneys** | Animal | Shape | Surface lobulation | Renal papillae | Renal pelvis | Renal crest | Thickness of cortex to that of medulla | Colour | Weight | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | **Cattle** | Left kidney - pyramidal (3-sided) Right kidney - eLLiptical | 15-25 Lobules | 15-25 | Absent (Renal papillae open in the ureter) | Well developed renal crest | 1:4 (The cortex and medulla are easily distinguished) | Reddish brown | 280-340 g each | | **Sheep** | Bean-shaped | Absent (only one Lobe) | 1 | Present (Renal papillae open in renal pelvis) | - | 1:4 (The cortex and medulla are easily distinguished) | Dark brown | 57-85 g each | | **Camel** | Bean-shaped | - | 1 | Present (Renal papillae open in renal pelvis) | - | 1:4 (The cortex and medulla are easily distinguished) | Purplish | Right - 1.08 kg, Left - 1.13 kg each | | **Horse** | Bean-shaped | - | 10-12 | Present (Renal papillae open in renal pelvis) | - | 1:4 (The cortex and medulla are easily distinguished) | reddish brown | 400-500 g each | | **Pig** | Elongated, heart-shaped | - | - | - | - | 1:4 (The cortex and medulla are easily distinguished) | Reddish brown | 85-170 g each | ### **VII. Spleen (Melt)** | Animal | Shape | Colour | Weight | Other characters | |---|---|---|---|---| | **Cattle** | Elongated, oval-shape | Bluish, reddish brown | 1 Kg | | **Sheep** | Oyster-shaped, goat: Rectangular | Bluish, reddish | 50- до д | Soft and elastic to touch | | **Camel** | Crescentic | Bluish, reddish | 1 kg | Posterior border is serrated | | **Horse** | Sickle-shaped | Bluish, reddish | 200 g | Three edges trianguLar in Cross-section, Longitudinal ridge to which the Fat-Filled omentum is attached. | | **Pig** | eLongated, tongue-shaped | Bluish, reddish | 400-500 g | Three edges trianguLar in Cross-section, Longitudinal ridge to which the Fat-Filled omentum is attached. |