DAT Biology Reproductive System PDF

DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 1. seminiferous tubules Which part of the male reproductive system pro- (testis) duces sperm cells? 2. interstitial cells (testis) Which part of the...

DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 1. seminiferous tubules Which part of the male reproductive system pro- (testis) duces sperm cells? 2. interstitial cells (testis) Which part of the male reproductive system pro- duces and secretes male sex hormones? 3. epididymis Which part of the male reproductive system promotes sperm cell maturation, stores sperm cells, and conveys sperm cells to the ductus deferens? 4. ductus deferens Which part of the male reproductive system con- veys sperm cells to the ejaculatory duct? 5. seminal vesicle Which part of the male reproductive system secretes an alkaline fluid containing nutrients and prostaglandins that helps regulate the pH of semen? 1 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 6. prostate gland Which part of the male reproductive system se- cretes a slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate, a nutrient for sperm? 7. bulbourethral gland Which part of the male reproductive system se- cretes fluid that lubricates the end of the penis? 8. scrotum Which part of the male reproductive system en- closes, protects, and regulates the temperature of the testes? 9. dartos The scrotum contains the _____ muscle. 2 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 10. ovary Which part of the female reproductive system produces oocytes and female sex hormones? 11. uterine tube (fallopian Which part of the female reproductive sys- tube) tem conveys the secondary oocyte toward the uterus, is the site of fertilization, and conveys the developing embryo to the uterus? 12. uterus Which part of the female reproductive system protects and sustains the embryo during preg- nancy? 13. labia majora Which part of the female reproductive system encloses and protects other external reproduc- tive organs? 14. labia minora Which part of the female reproductive system forms the margin of the vestibule and protects the openings of the vagina and urethra? 15. clitoris Which part of the female reproductive system produces feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation due to abundant sensory nerve end- ings in the glans? 3 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 16. vestibule Which part of the female reproductive system is the space between the labia minora that con- tains vaginal and urethral openings? 17. vestibular gland Which part of the female reproductive system secretes fluid that moistens and lubricates the vestibule? 18. mitosis What process produces two genetically identical diploid cells? 19. meiosis What process produces sperm and oocytes? 20. meiosis What process produces four genetically unique daughter cells? 21. meiosis Which process offers tremendous variety of ge- netically unique individuals? 22. zygote What do you call a large, fertilized egg cell? 23. spermatogenesis What do you call the combined processes of meiosis and spermiogenesis? 24. spermiogenesis What is the process of the further development of spermatids into sperm? 25. rete testis Sperm passes from the seminiferous tubules through the _____ in order to arrive at the epi- didymis. 4 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 26. acrosome, nucleus, DNA Name the 3 things contained in the head of the sperm. 27. mitochondria, ATP, flagel- The midpiece of the sperm contains many lum _____ which are used to make _____ and pro- vide energy for the _____. 28. follicular The corona radiata is a mantle of _____ cells. 29. corona radiata Processes from the _____ supply nutrients to the oocyte. 30. glycoprotein The zona pellucida is a layer of _____. 31. zona pellucida What part of the ovum separates the primary oocyte from the granulosa cells? 32. sustentacular cells (Ser- What do you call the cells of the seminiferous toli cells) tubules that support and nourish the sperm-pro- ducing cells? 33. sustentacular cells Which cells protect developing sperm from the immune system? 5 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 34. seminiferous tubule, rete List the 6-step pathway that sperm travel. testis, epididymis, duc- tus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra 35. ovary follicle, fimbriae, List the 4-step pathway that an egg cell travels. uterine tube, uterus 36. hypothalamus GnRH is secreted by the _____. 37. adenohypophysis (anteri- Where does GnRH find its target cells? or pituitary gland) 38. Luteinizing hormone, fol- GnRH triggers the release of which two hor- licle-stimulating hormone mones? 39. adenohypophysis LH is secreted from the _____. 40. interstitial cells (testes) Which are the target cells of LH? 41. luteinizing hormone Which hormone promotes the development of the interstitial cells of the testes? 42. luteinizing, testosterone In response to _____ hormone, the interstitial cells of the testes release the hormone _____. 43. interstitial Testosterone is released from _____ cells. 44. adenohypophysis FSH is secreted by the _____. 45. spermatogonia The receptors for FSH are found on _____. 6 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 46. follicle-stimulating hor- Which hormone stimulates the sustentacular mone cells of the seminiferous tubules to proliferate, grow, mature, and respond to testosterone? 47. follicle-stimulating hor- Spermatogenesis is triggered by the presence mone, testosterone of which two hormones? 48. inhibin Sustentacular cells secrete the hormone _____ to stop sperm production by preventing the over- secretion of FSH. 49. ovary In nonpregnant women, what is the primary source of estrogen? 50. estrogen Which female hormone stimulates secondary sex characteristics? 51. progesterone Which hormone promotes changes in the uterus during the reproductive cycle, affects the mam- mary glands, and helps regulate the secretion of gonadotropins from the adenohypophsis? 52. granulosa cells (ovary) Which cells secrete estrogen? 53. follicle-stimulating hor- An immense wave of which hormone will cause mone the follicle to burst open and release an oocyte? 7 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 54. hCGH When an egg implants in the uterus, it releases the hormone _____, which tells the corpus lu- teum not to die until the placenta develops. 55. progesterone, placenta The corpus luteum secretes the hormone _____ until the _____ develops and can take over pro- duction. 56. luteinizing, corpus lu- Under the influence of the _____ hormone, the teum post-ovulation follicle forms the _____. 57. nitric oxide During sexual arousal, the vasodilator _____ is released, dilating the arteries in the erectile tissues. 58. parasympathetic Arousal is a result of the _____ nervous system. 59. sympathetic Upon orgasm, the _____ nervous system is switched on. 60. corpora cavernosa The penis consists of two columns of _____ tissue on the dorsal side. 61. corpus spongiosum The inferior side of the penis, as wells as the glans, consists of the tissue _____. 62. corpora cavernosa The clitoris is composed of _____ tissue. 63. corpus spongiosum The vestibular bulbs are composed of _____ tissue. 64. emission The movement of semen and sperm through the reproductive tract is known as _____. 65. ejaculation The movement of semen through the urethra to the outside is known as _____. 66. neurohypophysis, oxy- During ejaculation, the _____ releases the hor- tocin mone _____ to stimulate contractions of the epi- 8 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve didymides, seminiferous tubules, and prostate gland to aid in the movement of sperm. 67. bulbourethral glands, List in order the 4 phases of release during prostate gland, sperm ejaculation. cells, seminal vesicles 68. apocrine glands Which glands are responsible for the body odor that develops during male puberty? 69. epiphyseal growth plates During puberty, people grow taller rapidly due to increased activity at the _____. 70. seminal vesicles, alkaline The _____ secrete an _____ fluid to help reg- ulate the pH of tubular contents and neutralize the acidic secretions of the vagina. 71. seminal vesicles, fruc- The _____ secrete _____ to aid sperm in the tose production of ATP. 72. seminal vesicles, The _____ secrete _____ to stimulate muscular prostaglandins contractions of female reproductive organs, aid- ing movement of sperm towards the egg cell. 73. acidic The thin, milkly fluid from the prostate is slightly _____. 74. citrate The thin, milkly fluid from the prostate contains _____, a nutrient for sperm. 75. prostate-specific antigen The thin, milkly fluid from the prostate contains _____, an enzyme which helps liquefy semen following ejaculation. 76. bulbourethral The _____ glands secrete a mucus-like fluid to lubricate the end of the penis in preparation for sex. 77. 23 What is the number of the sex chromosomes? 9 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 78. somatic Chromosomes 1-22 are _____ chromosomes. 79. XX What is the chromosomal arrangement for a female? 80. XY What is the chromosomal arrangement for male? 81. luteinizing Ovulation is triggered by a spike in levels of _____ hormone in the blood. 82. LH, FSH, estrogen, prog- During ovulation, there is an increase in which 4 esterone hormones? 83. estrogen, progesterone Menstruation begins when there is a sharp de- cline in which 2 hormones? 84. 46 How many chromosomes do oogonia contain? 85. capacitation _____ is the activation of sperm. 86. hyaluronidase Acrosomes use the enzyme _____ to burn their way into the ovum. 87. bulbospongiosus The _____ muscle is a skeletal muscle near the ejaculatory duct that becomes involuntary during orgasm. 88. testes the male gonads 89. gonads organs that produce gametes; a testis or ovary. 90. ovaries the female gonads 91. sperm produced by testes 92. oocytes produced by ovaries; eggs 93. hermaphrodites organisms having both male and female repro- ductive organs in one body 10 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 94. gametogenesis the production of functional sex cells 95. spermatogenesis sperm production 96. seminiferous tubules spermatogenesis occurs in the _____ of the testes 97. oogenesis egg production 98. vas deferens Long, narrow tube carrying sperm from epi- didymis to ejaculatory duct 99. ejaculatory duct tube through which semen enters the urethra 100. glans The tip of the penis 101. spermatogonia diploid cells that differentiate into primary sper- matocytes 102. primary spermatocytes diploid cells that undergo a meiotic division to yield two haploid secondary spermatocytes 103. secondary spermato- two haploid cells that undergo a second meiotic cytes division to produce four haploid spermatids 104. spermatids cells formed by the division of spermatocytes; undergo a final series of changes before result- ing in mature sperm 105. spermatozoa mature sperm cells 106. acrosome A vesicle at the tip of a sperm cell that helps the sperm penetrate the egg 11 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve 107. follicle a multilayered sac of cells that contains, nour- ishes, and protects an immature ovum 108. oviduct fallopian tube 109. cervix lower, neck-like portion of the uterus 110. follicle cells the cells that produce estrogen 111. ovarian follicles where oogenesis, the production of female ga- metes, occurs 112. primary oocytes immature ova; diploid cells that form by mitosis in the ovary 113. menarche the first menstrual period 114. secondary oocyte In oogenesis, the functional product of meiosis I; becomes the egg 115. polar body a small, nonfunctional haploid cell created dur- ing oogenesis 116. zona pellucida the inner layer of cells in the cell membrane of the oocyte 117. corona radiata the outer layer of cells in the cell membrane of the oocyte 118. gonadotropin-releasing hormone that regulates luteinizing hormone and hormone (GnRH) follicle stimulating hormone 119. estrogens steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation 120. estrogens hormones responsible for the thickening of the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterine wall) 121. progesterone a steroid hormone secreted by the corpus lu- teum during the menstrual cycle; stimulates 12 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve the development and maintenance of the en- dometrium in preparation for implantation 122. follicular, ovulation, 4 phases of menstrual cycle luteal, menstruation 123. follicular menstrual cycle phase; begins with the cessa- tion of the menstrual flow from previous cycle; FSH promotes the development of the follicle 124. ovulation menstrual cycle phase in which a mature ovari- an follicle bursts and releases and ovum 125. luteinizing hormone ovulation is caused by a surge in _____ 126. luteal menstrual cycle phase in which LH maintains the remnant of the ruptured follicle (corpus lu- teum), which secretes estrogen and proges- terone 127. menstruation menstrual cycle phase in which, if the ovum is not fertilized, the corpus luteum atrophies; the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen lev- els cause the endometrium to slough off 128. corpus luteum Empty ovarian follicle that secretes proges- terone after release of the egg cell 129. menses menstrual flow 130. human chorionic go- if fertilization occurs, the developing placenta nadotropin (hCG) produces _____, maintaining the corpus luteum as well as the supply of estrogen and proges- terone that maintains the uterus 131. acrosomal process A protrusion that extends from the head of a sperm during fertilization. 132. cortical reaction the acrosomal reaction triggers a _____ in the ovum, causing calcium ions to be released into 13 / 14  DAT Biology Reproductive System Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l2dve the cytoplasm; initiates a series of reactions that result in the formation of the fertilization mem- brane 133. fertilization membrane the depolarized and impenetrable membrane of the zygote 134. sertoli cells another name for sustentacular cells 135. leydig cells another name for the interstitial cells that pro- duce testosterone 136. androgen binding protein keeps high concentration of testosterone near spermatogenic cells 14 / 14