Sugarcane PDF - Agriculture Padhai Online Classes

# Agriculture Padhai Online Classes [APOC] ## 20. Sugarcane **B.N.:** Saccharum officinarum **Family:** Graminae **Origin:** New Guinea **Chromosome:** 80, 120 It is also known as Noble cane, developed by T.S. Vankataraman. * The word "Saccharum" derived from "Sanskrit" word "sarkara" which mean...

# Agriculture Padhai Online Classes [APOC] ## 20. Sugarcane **B.N.:** Saccharum officinarum **Family:** Graminae **Origin:** New Guinea **Chromosome:** 80, 120 It is also known as Noble cane, developed by T.S. Vankataraman. * The word "Saccharum" derived from "Sanskrit" word "sarkara" which means sugar. * Sugar industry is the largest agro based processing industry after textiles in India. * Inflorescence of sugarcane is known as Arrow which is an open branched panicle. * C4, intermediate short day plant. ### Area and distribution * **Area:** India & Cuba * **Production:** Brazil > India > China * **Productivity:** Peru (115 t/ha) > Australia ### Area & Production (India) * **Area:** UP > Maharashtra > Tamil Nadu * **Production:** UP > Maharashtra > Karnataka * **Productivity:** Tamil Nadu (99.3 t/ha) ### Classification: There are three cultivated and two wild species. * **S. officinarum:** Noble/thick and juicy cane, low fiber content; 2n = 80. * **S. Barbari:** Indian cane, medium sucrose and high fiber content; 2n = 82-124. * **S. sinense:** Chinese cane, medium sucrose, high fiber content; 2n = 118. ### Seed Rate: * **3 budded:** 35000-40000 sets/hac * **2 budded:** 80000 setts/hac * **1 budded:** 120000 setts/hac **Average:** 2-3 budded - 70-80 quental/hac. ### Time of Planting: * **Autumn planting:** Planting in October in N. India. * **Adsali planting:** Planting in June-July in S. India and takes 15-18 months for harvesting. * **Eksali planting:** Jan. - Feb. in S. India and takes about one year time for harvesting. ### Irrigation stage/critical stage of sugarcane: * **Germination stage:** 0-60 DAP (Day after planting) * **Formative stage:** 60-130 DAP (Critical stage) * **Grand phase:** 130-250 DAP * **Maturity:** 250-365 DAP ## Methods of planting: * **Flat bed planting:** Popular in north India. * **Furrow method:** More popular in India. * **Trench method:** Prevent to lodging * **Partha method:** South India * **Spaced transplanting:** Used in single budded setts * **Winter nursery system:** 3 budded setts are used * **Rayungans method:** Not Commonly in India only used for gap filling * **Tjeblock method:** * **Algin method:** ### Placing of setts in different ways in the field: * **End to end method** * **Eye to eye method** * **Double row system** * **Single bud planting** ### Seed treatment: To get better germination and reduce seed borne diseases, treat the cane setts of 0.5% Agallal, Areton and besides Agrosone GN are used for setts treatment. And present time, the best fungicide is Vitvex. ### Ratoon Crop: A second crop is taken where Residues stubble or root of after first crop harvesting. In this process, the second crop is known as a raton crop. * It is Economicaly to take only one raton crop. * A Ratoon crop required 20% more Nitrogen * Brix Value or TSS 17-18% of sugarcane juice at harvesting time. * TSS quantity is measured by Refractometer. * A metal sound comes in matured cane stem. * Pith and mazza formation in cane when Harvesting is late. * Generally pith and mazza is present in monocot crops ### Artificial ripening of Cane: Artificial ripening of sugarcane by Glyphosine, Polaris and ccc are used. ### Fehling test: For maturation of cane Fehling test solution reading should be less than 0.5% glucose. ### Research Institute: * **SBI-sugarcane breeding it institute - Coimbatore (TN)** * **IISR- Indian institute of sugarcane research – Cukknow (UP)** * **STI- sugarcane Technology institute - Kanpur (UP)** * **AICRP on sugarcane was stated in 1970-71** ### Important operation in sugarcane * **Tying:** 4-5 stems are bind together ### Logging: Knowing the nutrient status of cane ### Earthing: Soil level increase in plant root to prevent the crop lodging ### Treshing: Dry leaves cut the stem of cane ### Blind hoeing: Weeding after sowing and before germination. ### Lodging: The falling down of crop due to strong wind. ### Arrowing: Inflorescence of sugarcane is open panicle and generally called Arrow and this process is Called Arrowing ### Water lodging: The crop is falling due to high irrigation water. ### Crop lodging: The falling down of crop due to stronge wind. ### Note: * Tying and Earthing is done in sugarcane for prevent the crop lodging. * Lodging concept is given by scientist HF. Clament it is the foliar diagnosis comparing the nutrient status of comparable leaves of high and low field crop plants generally used in sugarcane in Hawaii in (1935) ### By products of sugarcane: * **Bagases:** Used for fuel and papper making. * **Molasses:** For Alcohal Production. * **Press Mud:** Reclamation of acidic soils. (due to line contain) In Brazil, sugarcane is also used as a source of energy Gosohol is prepared from 80% petrol +20% Alcohol (from sugarcane) which is used in automobiles. **Gosohol (100%) Petrol+Alcohol 80% +20%** ### Important Point: 1. Highest sugar industry in Maharastra. 2. Highest sugar consuming in India our world. 3. Higher dose of Nitrogen decrease sucrose content 4. Earthing in sugarcane should be done in June – July 5. Tying should be done in the month of August. 6. Saline soils are unduitable for sugarcane. 7. Critical stage of Irrigation in sugarcane - Formative stage 8. Burning of canes is done for Improve sucrose and Juice quality. 9. Most popular planting method in the north India. 10. State has highest productivity of sugarcane Tamilnadu. 11. For brix reading, juice should be taken form middle portion of stalk. 12. Under high temperature surcrose gets coverted into glucose and quantity of the produce become poor. ### Disease of sugarcane: * **Red rot:** Caused by:- Collectotrichum falcatum * Most destrictive disease in both tropical and subtropical India. * Alcoholic smell from field. * **Grassy shoot:** Is caused by - Mycoplasm ### Insect of sugarcane: 1. Sugarcane leafhopper/pyrilla * S.N. Pyrilla purpusilla 2. Gurdaspur Borer:- Acigona steniellus. 3. Sugarcane stem borer:- B.N. Chila infuscatellus 4. Sugarcane top borer:- Trporyza novella 5. Sugarcane root borer 6. Sugarcane whitefly 7. Termite ### Variety of Sugarcane: * Co - 7814, Co-775, Co-1287, Co-6806, Co-1307, Co-1308, Co-1148, Co-6304, Co-1148, Co-1158, Co-421, Co-6806, Co-8102, Co- 419 ### Other Variety: * Bo- 178, Bhawani, Kalyani, Prabha, Dhanush, Bhim, Moti, Saryu, Krasna, Rasili. # APOC **ONLINE CLASSES**