The Family as Basic Unit of Society PDF

THE FAMILY AS BASIC UNIT OF THE SOCIETY The Strand of Community- “Ang pamilya ay Pagmamahalan” Portia A. Evangelista, PhD, MAN RN Faculty. College of Nursing UPH- Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University  INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the...

THE FAMILY AS BASIC UNIT OF THE SOCIETY The Strand of Community- “Ang pamilya ay Pagmamahalan” Portia A. Evangelista, PhD, MAN RN Faculty. College of Nursing UPH- Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University  INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the lecture the student will able to: 1.Assesses with the individual and family one’s health status/competence. 2.Formulates with the client a plan of care addresses the health conditions, needs, problems, and issues based on priorities. 3.Describes the family as basic unit of the society, according to types, as Client, as a System. 4.Explains the functions Developmental Stages. 5.Defines the different Family Health Task. 6.Describes the characteristics of a Healthy Family.  FAMILY A small social system and primary reference group made up of two or more persons living together who are related by blood, marriage or adoption or who are living together by arrangement over a period of time (Murray 1997) An open and developing system of interacting personalities with structure and process enacted in relationships among the individual members regulated by resources and stressors and existing within the larger community (Smith & Maurer, 1995) A group of people related by blood or marriage or a strong common bond, such as those descended from a common ancestor, or a husband, wife, and their children ( Farlex 2012)  The Filipino Family and its Characteristics The basic social units of Philippine society are the nuclear family 1. Although the basic unit is the nuclear family, the influence of kinship is felt in all segments of social organizations. 2.Extensions of relationships and descent patterns are bilateral. 3. Kinship circles is considerably greater because effective range often includes the third cousin. 4.Kin group is further enlarged by a finial, spiritual or ceremonial ties. Filipino marriage is not an individual but a family affair. 5.Obligation goes with this kinship system.  The Filipino Family and its Characteristics 6. Extended family has a profound effect on daily decisions. 7. There is a great degree of equality between husband and wife. 8. Children not only have to respect their parents and obey them, but also have to learn to repress their repressive tendencies. 9. The older siblings have something of authority of their parents.  TYPES OF FAMILY ❑Nuclear family - a family unit consisting of two adults and any number of children living together. The children might be biological, step or adopted. ❑Single-parent family a lone parent and offspring living together as a family unit. ❑Extended family - grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, either all living nearby or within the same household. For example, if a married couple lives with either the husband or wife's parents the family changes from a nuclear to extended household.  TYPES OF FAMILY ❑ Multi-generational extended- o Three-generation: The most common multigenerational household arrangement consists of three generations – typically one or more working-age adults, one or more of their children (who may also be adults), and either aging parent(s) or grandchildren. o Four-generation: Once a rarity except in some lower-income ethnic communities, the four- or even five-generation household – parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, adult children, their children – is more commonplace. ( ‘apo sa tuhod’ or ‘apo sa talampakan’ )  TYPES OF FAMILY ❑Nuclear Dyad Family –a family composed of husband and wife only (childless couple) ❑Blended Family or Reconstituted family - also known as a step family. A family where one or both adults have children from previous relationships living with them combined to form a new family EX. widow married another widow & have children ❑Same-sex family - since civil partnerships were legalized in 2005 (US) , the number of same sex families has been growing (same-sex marriage was legalized in 2014 US ). oSame-sex couples cannot conceive together, so their children may be adopted or be the biological children of one member of the couple. oThey may also be from a sperm donor or a surrogate birth mother. ❑Communal -different families forming a community oThe word commune has various meanings to different people. oThe term communal family refers to two or more groups of families that live together and share facilities in some form of society. oIt is actually a form of communal living forum.  DECISION MAKING IN THE FAMILY ❑ Matriarchy or Matriarchal is essentially a woman-oriented family, wherein all the leadership and authority rest in the hands of women. ❑ Patriarchy or Patriarchal on the other hand, is a social and familial system, wherein males enjoy all the powers, control, and authority, and women are given subordinate roles. ❑ EGALITARIAN- husband and wife exercise a more or less amount of authority, father and mother decides ❑ DEMOCRATIC – everybody is involve in decision making ❑ AUTHOCRATIC- both parents are absolute authority. Children are pressured to fit into a mould. ❑ LAISSEZ-FAIRE- low in conversation and conformity orientation. ❑ MATRICENTRIC- the mother decides/takes charge in absence of the father (e.g. father is working overseas) ❑ PATRICENTIC- the father decides/ takes charge in absence of the mother  FAMILIAL CONFLICTS ✔Misunderstanding and jump to the wrong conclusion. ✔Role conflicts “ Who will do the household chores?” “ a young person become an adult”. ✔Changes in the family situation can also take a toll on the family and contribute to conflict. Example: Separation or divorce, Change in financial circumstances. ✔“Super-extended "family.  The Family as the Client Characteristics of a Family as a Client - The family is a product of time and place. - The family develops its own lifestyle. - The family operate as a group. - The family accommodates the needs of the individual members. - The family relates to the community - The family has a growth cycle. (Duvall & Miller, 1990)  Stages of Family Life Cycle Stage 1: MARRIAGE & THE FAMILY Involves merging of values brought into the relationship from the families of orientation. Includes adjustments to each other’s routines (sleeping, eating, chores, etc.), sexual and economic aspects. Members work to achieve 3 separate identifiable tasks: ✔Establish a mutually satisfying relationship. ✔Learn to relate well to their families of orientation. ✔If applicable, engage in reproductive life planning.  Stages of Family Life Cycle Stage 2: EARLY CHILDBEARING FAMILY Birth or adoption of a first child which requires economic and social role changes Oldest child: 2-1/2 years from year of marriage Stage 3: FAMILY WITH PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN At this stage demand a great deal of time related to growth and development needs and safety considerations. Oldest child: 2-1/2 to 6 years old  Stages of Family Life Cycle Stage 4: FAMILY WITH SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN Parents at this stage have important responsibility of preparing their children to be able to function in a complex world while at the same time maintaining their own satisfying marriage relationship. Oldest child: 6-12 years old Stage 5: FAMILY WITH ADOLESCENT CHILDREN A family allows the adolescents more freedom and prepare them for their own life as technology advances-gap between generations increases. Oldest child: 12-20 years old  Stages of Family Life Cycle Stage 6: THE LAUNCHING CENTER FAMILY Stage when children leave to set their own household-appears to represent the breaking of the family Empty nests Stage 7: FAMILY OF MIDDLE YEARS Family returns to two partners nuclear unit Period from empty nest to retirement Stage 8: FAMILY IN RETIREMENT/OLDER AGE Stage 9: PERIOD FROM RETIREMENT TO DEATH OF BOTH SPOUSES  HEALTH TASKS OF THE FAMILY(Duvall 2015) ❑ Physical maintenance- provides food, shelter, clothing, and health care to its members being certain that a family has ample resources to provide. ❑ Socialization of Family– involves preparation of children to live in the community and interact with people outside the family. ❑ Allocation of Resources- determines which family needs will be met and their order of priority. ❑ Maintenance of Order– task includes opening an effective means of communication between family members, integrating family values and enforcing common regulations for all family members.  HEALTH TASKS OF THE FAMILY(Duvall 2015) ❑ Division of Labor – who will fulfill certain roles e.g., family provider, home manager, children’s caregiver ❑ Reproduction, Recruitment, and Release of family member ❑ Placement of members into larger society –consists of selecting community activities such as church, school, politics that correlate with the family beliefs and values ❑ Maintenance of motivation and morale– created when members serve as support people to each other  12 Behaviors Indicating a Well Family ✔ Able to provide for physical emotional and spiritual needs of family members. ✔ Able to be sensitive to the needs of the family members. ✔ Able to communicate thought and feelings effectively. ✔ Able to provide support, security and encouragement. ✔ Able to initiate and maintain growth producing relationship. ✔ Maintain and create constructive and responsible community relationships.  12 Behaviors Indicating a Well Family ✔ Able to grow with and through children ✔ Ability to perform family roles flexibly ✔ Able to help oneself and to accept help when appropriate ✔ Demonstrate mutual respect for the individuality of family members ✔ Ability to use a crisis experience as a means of growth ✔ Demonstrate concern of family unity, loyalty and interfamily cooperation  5 Family Health Tasks (Maglaya, A., 2004) ❑ Recognizing interruptions of health development ❑ Making decisions about seeking health care/ to take action ❑ Dealing effectively health and non-health situations ❑ Providing care to all members of the family ❑ Maintaining a home environment conducive to health maintenance  Family Apgar Questionnaire-Family Health Tasks ALWAYS SOMETIMES HARDLY EVER (2 PTS.) (1 pt.) (0 PT.) I am satisfied with the help I receive from my family when something is troubling me. I am satisfied with the way my family discovers items of common interest and shares problem-solving with me. I find that my family accepts my wishes to take on new activities or make changes in my lifestyle. I am satisfied with the way my family expresses affection and responds to my feelings such as anger, sorrow and love I am satisfied with the way my family and I spend time together.  Health as a Goal of Family Health Care ❑ HEALTH DEFICIT- this refers to conditions of health breakdowns or advent of illness in the family ❑ HEALTH THREAT- these are the conditions that make it more likely for accidents, disease or failure to thrive or develop to occur. ❑ FORESEEABLE CRISIS- these are anticipated periods of unusual demand on the family in terms of time or resources ❑ WELLNESS POTENTIAL- this refers to states of wellness and the likelihood for health maintenance or improvement to occur depending on the desire of the family  References: Gesmundo, Monina.( 2014) The basics of Community Health Nursing: A study Guide.Jade Publication Famorca, Zenaida (2017) Nursing Care of the Community. El Sevier Mosby CNE Maglaya, Araceli. (2004) Community Health Nursing. 4rth edition. Jade Publlication Primary Health Nursing Manual (2010) Untalan 2009,Public Health Nursing Philippines, Jade Publication