Interactive Theories Travelbee,Peplau,Henderson PDF

Interactive Theories Travelbee, Peplau, Henderson JOYCE TRAVELBEE Joyce Travelbee was born in 1926 and is known for her work as a nursing theorist. In 1956, Travelbee earned her Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree from Louisiana State University. She was given a Master of Science in Nursing deg...

Interactive Theories Travelbee, Peplau, Henderson JOYCE TRAVELBEE Joyce Travelbee was born in 1926 and is known for her work as a nursing theorist. In 1956, Travelbee earned her Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree from Louisiana State University. She was given a Master of Science in Nursing degree in 1959 from Yale University. Her career dealt predominantly with psychiatric nursing and education. She worked as a psychiatric nursing instructor at the DePaul Hospital Affiliate School in New Orleans, Louisiana, and worked later in the Charity Hospital School of Nursing in Louisiana State University, New York University, and the University of Mississippi.  Presented the Human-to-Human Relationship Theory in her book (Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing) Extended the work of Peplau and Orlando. Nursing is defined as “an interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse Theory practitioner assists an individual, family or community to prevent or cope with experience or illness and suffering, and if necessary, to find meaning in these GOAL OF NURSING: to assist an experiences.” individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the experiences of illness and suffering and, if necessary, to find meaning in these experiences, with the ultimate goal being the presence of hope.  Travelbee based the assumptions of her model on the concepts of existentialism by Kierkegaard and logotherapy by Frankl. Existentialism believes that INFLUENC humans constantly face choices and conflicts and are accountable ES to the choices they make in life. Logotherapy is meaning-centered psychotherapy based on the assumption that meaning fulfillment in life is the best protection against emotional instability. Travelbee’s Proposition  “It is believed the spiritual values a person holds will determine, to a great extent, his perception of illness. The spiritual values of the nurse or her philosophical beliefs about illness and suffering will determine the degree to which he or she will be able to help ill persons find meaning, or no meaning, in these situations.” (Travelbee, 1971, p. 16)  Travelbee believed that it was as important to sympathize as it was to empathize if the nurse and the Travelbe patient were to develop a human- to-human relationship Travelbee’s emphasis on caring e’s stressed empathy, sympathy, rapport, and the emotional aspects Propositi of nursing. on Travelbee’s argument on the value of sympathy in nursing and updated it with a reminder that compassion is central to holistic nursing care HILDEGARD E. PEPLAU Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau (September 1, 1909 – March 17, 1999) was an American nurse who is the only one to serve the American Nurses Association (ANA) as Executive Director and later as President. She became the first published nursing theorist since Florence Nightingale. Peplau was well-known for her Theory of Interpersonal Relations, which helped to revolutionize nurses’ scholarly work. Her achievements are valued by nurses worldwide and became known to many as the “Mother of Psychiatric Nursing” and the “Nurse of the Century.”  Stressed the importance of nurse’s ability to understand their own behaviour to help others identify Theory perceived difficulties describes the importance of the of Inter- nurse-patient relationship as a “significant, therapeutic personal interpersonal process” Relations She discussed four psychobiological experiences that compel destructive or constructive patient responses, as follows: needs, frustrations, conflicts, and anxieties. 4 Phases of Nurse- Patient Relationsh ip Changing Aspects of Nurse- Patient Relationshi p  6 Nursing Roles Stranger, Resource Person, Teacher, Leader, Surrogate and Counselor PARADIGM The four components of the theory are PERSON, which is a developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs. ENVIRONMENT, which consists of existing forces outside of the person and put in the context of culture. HEALTH, which is a word symbol that implies a forward movement of personality. NURSING, which is a significant therapeutic interpersonal process that functions cooperatively with another human process that makes health possible for individuals in communities. Assumptions (1) Nurse and the patient can interact. (2) Peplau emphasized that both the patient and nurse mature as the result of the therapeutic interaction. (3) Communication and interviewing skills remain fundamental nursing tools. (4) Peplau believed that nurses must clearly understand themselves to promote their client’s growth and avoid limiting their choices to those that nurses value.  Her work was influenced by Freud’s, Maslow’s, and Sullivan’s interpersonal relationship theories and by the contemporaneous psychoanalytical model. Her work on nurse-patient relationships is known well internationally and continues to influence nursing practice and research. Peplau’s work is specific to the nurse- patient relationship and is a theory for the practice of nursing. VIRGINIA HENDERSON Virginia Avenel Henderson (November 30, 1897 – March 19, 1996) was a nurse, theorist, and author known for her Need Theory and defining nursing as: “The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge.” Henderson is also known as “The First Lady of Nursing,” “The Nightingale of  Her work is based on: (1)Edward L. Thorndike, an American psychologist INFLUENC (2) her experiences with the ES Henry House Visiting Nurse Agency (3) experience in rehabilitation nursing (4) Orlando’s conceptualization of deliberate nursing action Definitions The patient is an individual who requires help toward achieving independence and completeness or wholeness of mind and body. The nurse/nursing: “The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge; and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.” (Henderson, 1964, p. 63) 3 Levels of Nurse-Patient Relationships -A A partner substitute A helper to with the for the the patient patient patient  (1) Nurses care for patients until they can care for themselves once again. (2) Patients desire to return to health. Assumptio (3) Nurses are willing to serve, ns of Need and “nurses will devote themselves to the patient day Theory and night.” (4) Henderson also believes that the “mind and body are inseparable and are interrelated.” 14 BASIC HUMAN NEEDS