Functions of Education II PDF

Functions of Education II  Functions of Education cultural personal selection and change and socialisation social control transmission development allocation innovation ...

Functions of Education II  Functions of Education cultural personal selection and change and socialisation social control transmission development allocation innovation  3. Function of Social Control & Personal Development Social control is the way in which entire social order coheres and maintain itself. It refers to the formal and informal techniques that may be used to make the individual conform to social norms and values. Education may maintain social control through various mechanisms, such as indoctrination, and sanctions.  Indoctrination It is the process of teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically. When we use movies to show the horrors of slavery, we are indoctrinating students to believe that slavery is bad.  Purposes Maintaining social order Regulation of the individual Social Control Maintaining social unity/conformity Provide social sanctions Basic Forms of Social Controls Social Controls Internalization of The use of sanctions norms and values  1. Internalization of norms and values Internalization is an individual's acceptance of a set of norms and values (established by others) through socialization.  Social norms Social norms are the perceived informal, mostly unwritten, rules that define acceptable and appropriate actions within a given group or community. The process of internalization starts with 1. Learning what the norms are 2. The individual goes through a process of understanding why they are of value or why they make sense 3. They accept the norm as their own viewpoint  2. The use of sanctions School can punish students if they behave badly (punishments sometimes called sanctions). Sanction is the ways in which social control is enforcement.  Types of Sanctions Positive enforcement practices e.g. Smile, reward Sanction Negative enforcement practices e.g. warning letter, removal from class/group Ø Schools are expected to instill values related to social control and personal development. Ø The process of discipline is a major method of enforcing control in schools. Ø School violence is a widely held issue that have become a serious problem in recent decades in many countries. Ø It includes violence between school students as well as physical attacks by students on teachers.  Sergiovanni (2005) The first and most important job of the school is to provide a “safe and secure” environment for the students. Providing a “safe and secure” learning environment has always been the feature of a successful school principal and a successful school.  4. Function of Selection & Allocation How individuals are placed in the society is the key issue here. Schools tend to act as sorting and sifting mechanism in preparing students for the workforce. The selection and allocation function dominates schooling through assessment, testing, or examinations and credentialing.  Testing conferring or withholding degrees Schools use issuing certificates tests and grades to evaluate assigning students to academic track students and reward them rejecting or admitting students into programs, accordingly by giving negative or positive recommendations  Example In United States of America, students are required to pass in examinations in order to graduate from high school, then must take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) or the American College Test (ACT) for college entrance. 5. Function of Change & Innovation Depending on the school and classroom context, in particular, teachers are important change agents that must possess knowledge of innovation that can be gained through: 1) experience or study, 2) have a positive attitude, 3) show confidence, 4) encourage students’ participation  Using computers in classroom § It will improve the quality of instruction, § Provide the students with the supplements they would need to enhance student achievement, § Improve communications between teachers, students, and parents.