Psychological Perspective Of The Self PDF

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Self – a flexible and changing perception of personal Prepared by: Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm identity; it develops from our interactions with our significan...

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Self – a flexible and changing perception of personal Prepared by: Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm identity; it develops from our interactions with our significant people and self-awareness. Psychology – is the scientific study of human thoughts and behavior. I. Real self Self-awareness - is your ability to perceive and - consists of all the ideas, including the awareness of understand the things that make you who you are as an “what I am” and “what I can do” individual, including your personality, actions, values, - it encompasses our thoughts, feelings, appearance, beliefs, emotions, and thoughts. and behavior, representing who we truly are. WILLIAM JAMES – THE THEORY OF THE SELF II. Ideal self - William James is a well-known psychologist and he - refers to the image of ourselves that we strive to formulated a theory of awareness. He dissected the become, shaped by our learning and experiences over components of the self, dividing into: time - the version of ourselves that we aspire to be A. “I” - the self as the knower The Importance of Alignment - thinking subject – conscious of the environment and of - according to Rogers, the fundamental motive of the self human beings is to self-actualize. B. “Me” Self-actualization - the self as known; when we become ourselves the - is the goal of the self object of our own thinking - involves reaching one’s full potential and achieving the - it is divided into three types: highest level of being. - to achieve this, Rogers suggested that they must be in 1. Material self a state of congruence - refers to the aspect of oneself related to physical possessions (e.g., body, clothes, belongings) Congruence - can be a source of our self-esteem - refers to the alignment between of an individual’s actual behavior or self-image (real self) and with their 2. Social self ideal self or who they aspire to be. - the aspects of oneself that are influenced by the social environment (e.g., reputation, social roles, and Incongruence relationships) - there is a lack of congruence in the mind of others, which makes up one’s reputation in the society > when there is a congruence, an individual will experience mental well-being and peace of mind 3. Spiritual Self > however, when a person experiences incongruence, it - is the most important and most intimate part of the will result in mental distress or anxiety. self - it refers to the person’s innermost being, their DONALD WINNICOTT thoughts, feelings, and experiences that define who they are as a unique individual True self - represented by our real feelings and desires CARL ROGERS – SELF THEORY False self Self-concept – refers to how one perceives himself - a side of us that has changed its behavior, repressed feelings, and pushed needs aside in order to survive - its function is to hide and protect the true self  - gives the person an ability to reflect upon oneself and - two kinds of false self: the adequacy of one’s thoughts and actions. a. Healthy false self Self-efficacy - enables us to function in society by exhibiting good - according to Bandura: it is the belief in one’s manners and social graces, even if we don’t feel like it capabilities to organize and execute the courses of - is a shield that preserves our true self until we’re action required to manage prospective situations. around individuals we can trust - it is a part of our self-system b. Unhealthy self - The four ways that self-efficacy is achieved are: - it is the product of forced compliance rather than a genuine desire to adapt to society Mastery experiences - performing a task - it can lead to narcissistic and addictive behaviors successfully strengthens our sense of self- efficacy. UNIFIED VS. MULTIPLE SELF Social modeling - witnessing other people successfully complete a task is another Unified self important source of self-efficacy. - refers to the idea that an individual has a single, cohesive identity. Social persuasion - people could be persuaded to believe they have the skills and capabilities to Multiple self succeed. - the concept of multiple selves posits that individuals have various subselves or identities that emerge in Psychological & physiological responses - Our different situations. responses and emotional reactions to situations also play an important role in self-efficacy. ALBERT BANDURA – PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC SELF - Bandura suggests that humans have the ability to act and make things happen because we are proactive (you react with what the environment gave you. The environment does not just influence you, you can influence the environment, too) and agentic (you have the ability to decide on your own). - the main agentic features of human agency: 1. Intentionality - is the ability to make something intentionally. 2. Forethought - enables the person to anticipate the likely consequences of prospective actions 3. Self-reactiveness - enables one to make choices and choose appropriate actions 4. Self-reflectiveness