2024-2025 Secondary One History (Term 1) PDF

GOOD HOPE SCHOOL 2024 – 2025 Secondary One History (Term 1) Topic 4 History, Culture and Heritage of Early Hong Kong I. The region Hong Kong before the 10th century: HK became part of the Qin Dynasty in 214 BC. Yue and Yao people were the major population...

GOOD HOPE SCHOOL 2024 – 2025 Secondary One History (Term 1) Topic 4 History, Culture and Heritage of Early Hong Kong I. The region Hong Kong before the 10th century: HK became part of the Qin Dynasty in 214 BC. Yue and Yao people were the major population of HK until the 10th century, when the Han people moved to HK from the mainland II. The Four Major Dialect Groups - The indigenous inhabitants of Hong Kong: A. Summary of the Four groups 1. The Puntis 本地人 The earliest group to settle in Hong Kong Moved from Canton (Guangdong) to Hong Kong in the 10th century Lived in walled villages 🡪 also known colloquially as the “Wai Tau People” Spoke Wai Tau dialect of Cantonese Settled in the fertile plains in northern New Territories: Fanling, Yuen Long, Tai Po, Kam Tin 2. The Hakka 客家人 Literal: ‘guests’ Moved from Guangdong and Hokkien (Fujian) to Hong Kong during the 17th century Spoke Hakka Settled in relatively remote and mountainous (thus infertile) regions: Sai Kung, Sha Tau Kok, Tai Po, Tsuen Wan Also built walled villages to defend themselves against bandits and pirates 3. The Boat People (Tanka) 水上人/ 蜑家人 Also known as the Tanka (can have derogatory connotations) Spoke Cantonese and Hokkien (Minnan dialect) Often discriminated from society and mostly lived on boats (e.g. ineligible for the Imperial Examination) Settled along the coastal areas of New Territories and Hong Kong Island 4. The Fuklo (Hoklo) 福佬 / 鶴佬人 Originally from Fujian and Eastern Guangdong - e.g. Chaoshan (Teochew and Santow) and Hailufeng regions), settled in Hong Kong around the 11th century Spoke Hokkien (Minnan dialect) Settled along the Eastern waters of Hong Kong Mostly lived on boats B. Lives of the Four Major Dialect Groups in Early Hong Kong 1. Housing Cantonese and Hakka Built walls and dug moats around their villages 🡪 walled villages 圍村 Aim: to protect themselves from pirates and bandits E.g., Lo Wai, Kat Hing Wai, Sam Tung Uk Village Boat People and Fuklo Mostly lived on boats Stilt houses 棚屋 made of wood, grass, and iron - e.g. Tai O 2. Lifestyle Cantonese Setting up bazaars / market towns to sell farm products and Farmed for living - agriculture Self-sufficient Hakka Agriculture (farming) Salt-making, brick making, quarrying and stone cutting Traded with the Cantonese Boat People and Fuklo Oyster farming Pearl diving Salt industry Sung Dynasty: official salt-making sites in Kowloon Bay and Kowloon City Main salt-making sites: Tai Po, Sai Kung, Tai O 3. Beliefs and customs Ancestral worship: Show respect to ancestors and pray for their blessings Constructed Ancestral Halls (祠堂) in honour of their ancestors Popular religion: ○ Chou Wong Yi Kung 周王二公 ○ Kwan Tai 關帝 ○ Pao Kung包公 ○ Sea deities, e.g., Tin Hau and Hung Shing Traditional festivals: ○ Tin Hau and Hung Shing Festivals (天后 / 洪聖誕) 4. Education Ancestral halls and study halls as schools Passing the civil service examination and becoming officials 🡪 great honour and power to their clans Study Confucianism and calligraphy Only boys could receive education  B. The Five Great Clans of the New Territories A clan refers to a large group of families with a common ancestry and surname The Puntis have around 40 clans in the New Territories 5 Major Clans: Settled in the New Territories during the Sung and Ming Dynasties Great economic power - largest landowners and established market towns Social and political influence: scholarly titles (participated in the Imperial Examinations) The Tangs 鄧氏 Ancestor: Tang Fu Hip 鄧符協 (11th century - Northern Sung) Settled in: Kam Ting 錦田 Market towns established: Yuen Long, Taipo Tang Fu Hip was a Jinshi 進士 of the North Sung Dynasty Also settled in: Yuen Long, Fanling, Taipo The Mans 文氏 Ancestor: Man Mang Sheung 文孟常 (15th century - Ming) Settled in: San Tin, Taipo The ancestor of the Mans was a cousin of Man Tin Cheung 文天祥 - famous patriotic hero of the Southern Sung The Lius 廖氏 Ancestor: Liu Chong Kit 廖仲傑 (14th century - Yuan) Settled in: Sheung Shui Market towns established: Shek Wu Hui 石湖墟 Liu Kong, the ancestor of the Lius, was a senior official of the Northern Sung The Liu Man Shek Tong was built to commemorate the Liu ancestors The Haus 侯氏 Ancestor: Hau Ng Long 侯五郎 (12th century - Northern Sung) Hau Ng Long was a Jinshi Settled in: Sheung Shui The Pangs 彭氏 Ancestor: Pang Kwai 彭桂 (12th century) Settled in: Fanling Market town established: Luen Wo Hui 聯和墟 Pang Yin Nin, the ancestor of the Pangs, was a Jinshi and official of the North Sung