General Biology 1 Cell Cycle PDF

September 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 Cell Biology: Cell Theory Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College Senior High School Department September 2023...

September 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 Cell Biology: Cell Theory Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College Senior High School Department September 2023 1st Semester SY 2022-2023 THE CELL THEORY 1. All living 2. The cell is 3. Cells arise organisms the basic from pre- are composed structural and existing cells. of one or functional unit more cells. of all living organisms. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1: Cell Biology September 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 Cell Biology: Cell Types Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College Senior High School Department August 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. August 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.  2 Types of Cells Let’s try this out! With the knowledge you have obtained decide whether the images below are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic (1) (2) (3) (4)  Let’s try this out! With the knowledge you have obtained decide whether the images below are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic (1) (2) (3) (4) Hint: Do you see a nucleus Hint: Are there Hint: Is there a nucleus? Hint: What type of cells and organelles? membrane bound have flagella? organelles? Let’s try this out! With the knowledge you have obtained decide whether the images below are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic (1) (2) (3) (4) EUKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 Cells arise from pre-existing cells by cell division. October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 Cells arise from pre-existing POVE cells by cell division.  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 What does immortal mean?  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 What causes cells to die?  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 If animals can’t be immortal, can cells be immortal?  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 If animals can’t be immortal, can cells be immortal?  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 If animals can’t be immortal, can cells be immortal? October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 Cell Biology: Cell Cycle Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College Senior High School Department September 2023 1st Semester SY 2022-2023 1. How cells grow and cell cycle replicate 1. cycle phases 2. The limits of cell replication 3. How one cell can become a. mitosis many different types of 2. regulation cells 3. cancer cells? 4. The use of stem cells and What we’ll immortal stem lines in research explore: GENERAL BIOLOGY 1: Cell Biology  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 Why do cells need to divide?  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 Why do cells need to divide?  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 Why do cells need to divide? Growth & Cell Reproduction Development Replacement (Asexual & Sexual)  Cells divide for... Growth & Cell Reproduction Development Replacement (Asexual & Sexual) from fertilized egg to multi-celled organism  Cells divide for... Growth & Cell Reproduction Development Replacement (Asexual & Sexual) replace cells that die from normal wear and tear or from injury  Cells divide for... Growth & Cell Reproduction Development Replacement (Asexual & Sexual) replace cells that (Dividing bone marrow cells that will give rise to new die from normal blood cells.) wear and tear or from injury (Dividing basal skin cells to replace old cells at the surface.)  Cells divide for... Growth & Cell Reproduction Development Replacement (Asexual & Sexual) replace cells that (Dividing bone marrow cells that will give rise to new die from normal blood cells.) wear and tear or from injury (Dividing basal skin cells to replace old cells at the surface.)  Cells divide for... Growth & Cell Reproduction Development Replacement (Asexual & Sexual) Sexual Reproduction produce offspring by fusion of two gametes offspring have genetic information from each parent Sexual reproduction uses a type of cell division called meiosis, which creates gametes, such as sperm and egg cells.  Cells divide for... Growth & Cell Reproduction Development Replacement (Asexual & Sexual) (Paramecia undergoing binary fission) Asexual Reproduction produce offspring from only one parent offspring is genetically identical to the parent Asexual reproduction uses the process of mitosis or binary fission to create the identical copies (clones) of the parent cell. RECAP. Types of Cell Division ?????? ?????? ?????? RECAP. Types of Cell Division  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 What do we get at the end of the cell division?  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 What do we get at the end of the cell division? Most cell division results to the production of two (2) genetically identical daughter cells. *An exception is meiosis: cell division that produces gametes. Daughter cells made are genetically different from their parent cell and each other.  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 How do cells decide when to divide?  Q October 2023 1st Semester SY 2023-2024 How do cells decide when to divide? Cells have distinct phases for growth, reproduction, and normal operations.  Cell has a ‘life cycle’ Cell is formed from a mitotic division cell grows & cell grows & matures to never matures to divide divide again cell re-enters the again cell cycle when pushed to divide example special cases: liver cells example outcomes: example outcomes: brain cells epithelial cells nerve cells blood cells muscle cells stem cells  Cell has a ‘life cycle’ Cells follow a cell cycle, a series of events which a cell goes through, that includes: growth and preparation for division (interphase) followed by cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis). The Cell Cycle Interphase G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase Mitotic Phase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis The Cell Cycle Interphase G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase Mitotic Phase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis ***G0 Phase The Cell Cycle INTERPHASE Interphase G1 Phase 90% of cell life cycle S Phase divided into 3 subunits G2 Phase Mitotic Phase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis ***G0 Phase The Cell G0Cycle ***G0 Phase INTERPHASE ter o n g la e to Interphase d in o s G1 Phase 90% of cell life cycle vi h o S Phase di T c divided into 3 subunits O N G2 Phase E S o O it t Mitotic Phase G1 = 1st Gap l D c el o m m c Prophase growth & normal metabolic roles Metaphase S = DNA Synthesis Anaphase DNA replication Telophase (copies chromosomes) Cytokinesis G2 = 2nd Gap ***G0 Phase growth & preparation for mitosis (produce organelles, proteins, membranes) The Cell Cycle Interphase G1 phase = First Gap G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase Cell increase in size and volume Mitotic Phase Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, Prophase and enzymes are produced in Metaphase preparation for S and M phases. Anaphase Telophase Cellular contents, excluding the Cytokinesis chromosomes, are duplicated.  The Cell Cycle G1 phase = First Gap Cell increase in size and volume. Cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, are duplicated. G1 Checkpoint: Is the cell big enough? Is the environment good? The Cell Cycle Interphase S phase = Synthesis G1 Phase Synthesis of DNA S Phase DNA that will be passed onto the G2 Phase Mitotic Phase daughter cells in M phase is replicated. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis  The Cell Cycle S phase = Synthesis Synthesis of DNA Each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated.  The Cell Cycle S phase = Synthesis Synthesis of DNA Each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated. The Cell Cycle Interphase G2 phase = Second Gap G1 Phase Cell increases again in size and volume. S Phase Some cell organelles are duplicated, G2 Phase Mitotic Phase and the cytoskeleton is dismantled to Prophase provide resources for the mitotic Metaphase spindle [M-phase]. Anaphase Cell prepares for the division phase. Telophase Energy is replenished. Cytokinesis Proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation is synthesized. (e.g. tubulin → microtubules) “Double checks” the duplicated chromosomes for errors; making any needed repairs.  The Cell Cycle G2 phase = Second Gap Cell increases again in size and volume. Cell prepares for the division phase. “Double checks” the duplicated chromosomes Organelles are duplicated Cytoskeleton is dismantled G2 Checkpoint: Are there DNA mistakes? Is the cell volume OK? Is the environment good? The Cell Cycle MITOTIC PHASE Interphase G1 Phase S Phase usually the shortest part of the G2 Phase cell cycle Mitotic Phase includes both mitosis and Prophase Metaphase cytokinesis Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis ***G0 Phase The Cell Cycle MITOTIC PHASE Interphase G1 Phase S Phase usually the shortest part of the G2 Phase cell cycle Mitotic Phase includes both mitosis and Prophase Metaphase cytokinesis Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis ***G0 Phase Let’s test your knowledge! Which is the correct order of the stages of the mitotic phase? i. Anaphase ii. Telophase iii. Metaphase iv. Prophase A. i, ii, iii, iv B. ii, iii, i, iv C. iii, iv, i, ii D. iv, iii, i, ii Let’s test your knowledge! Which is the correct order of the stages of the mitotic phase? i. Anaphase ii. Telophase iii. Metaphase iv. Prophase A. i, ii, iii, iv B. ii, iii, i, iv C. iii, iv, i, ii D. iv, iii, i, ii RECAP. Organizing DNA RECAP. Organizing DNA RECAP. Organizing DNA RECAP. Organizing DNA